704.

01-42E

Fire in Scavenge Air

Box
1. Cause prolo
nged
If flakes of blow-by,
burning or
glowing "slow
carbon combusti
deposits on" in the
drop into the cylinder,
oil sludge at owing to
incorrect
the bottom
atomizati
of the on,
scavenge air incorrect
box, this type of
sludge can fuel valve
be ignited nozzle, or
and, if very "misalign
combustible ed" fuel
material is jets.
found here,
serious "blow
damage can -back"
be done to through
the piston the
rod and the scavenge
scavenge air air ports,
box walls, owing to
the latter an
possibly incorrect
causing a ly
reduction in adjusted
the tension exhaust
of the cam disc
staybolts. or large
resistanc
Ignition of e in the
carbon exhaust
deposits in system
the scavenge (back
air box can pressure
be caused ).
by:
704.0242E

To keep or the switch for the blowers not being

the in "AUTO"-position), unburned fuel oil
exhaust may accumulate on top of the pistons.
resistanc
e low, This will involve the risk of a
heavy scavenge air box fire.
deposits
must not In order to avoid such fire:
be — obtain permission to stop the engine
allowed — stop the engine
to collect — remove any unburned fuel oil from the
on top of the pistons
protectiv — re-establish the supply of scavenge
e air — start the engine.
gratings, be
nozzle
rings and
turbine
blades,
and the
back
pressure
after the
turbocha
2.
rger Warnings
must not of Fire
exceed
350 mm A fire in the
WC. scavenge
box
manifests
If the auxiliary itself
blowersby: do not start
during low-load running (due to faults,

an increase in the
exhaust temperature of the
affected cylinder, the
turbocharger may surge,

smoke from the

turbocharger air inlet filter
when the surging occurs,

the scavenge air box

being noticeably hotter.
 704.01-42E
Note: the
switch forshould the auxiliary
If the fireblowers in "AUTO"-position
is modes o
during all enginef control, i.e.:
violent, smoky
exhaust and —
decreasing contro} from engine
remote
engine side controi
— control
revolutions will console.
occur.
Violent blow-by will cause smoke,
sparks, and even flames, to be
blown out when the
respective scavenge box drain
cock js opened — therefore
keep clear of the line of
ejection.

Monitoring devices, Chapter

701, pos. 415, 416 (80 0 C and
120 0 C), in the scavenge air
space give alarm and slow-
down at abnormal
temperature increase.

For CPP-plants with engaged

shaft generator, an auxiliary
engine will be started
automatically and coupled to
the grid before the shaft
generator is disengaged and
the. engine speed reduced.
See Plate 70304 'Sequence
Diagram'.

3. — flarnes
can
Measures suddenly be
to be taken violently
emitted.
Owing to the
possible risk 1) Red
of a uce
crankcase spee
explosion. d/pit
do not stand ch to
near the SLO
relief valves W, if
704.0242E

not off
alrea
dy the
carri auxi
ed liary
out
auto blo
mati wer
cally,
see s3)
abov Stop
e, the
and
ask fuel
brid oil
ge
for sup
per ply.
missi
on 4) Stop the
to tub. oil
stop. supply.
2) Wh 5) Put the
en scaveng
the e air box
fire
engi extinguis
ne hing
STO equipme
nt into
P
function.
ord
er is Do not
rece open the
scavenge
ived air box or
, crankcase
stop before the
the site of the
engi fire has
cooled
ne
down to
and under 100
D
swit C. When
ch- opening,
 704.01-42E

keep clear te on
of possible piston
fresh spurts crown
and skirt,
of flame. while the
engine is
6) Remove
being
dry turned
deposits (cooling
and oil and
sludge water
from all on).
the Inspect
scaveng the
e air stuffing
boxes. box and
See also bottom
Chapter 701 of
'Sealing scavenge
box for
Materi-
possible
cracks.
7) Clean the
respectiv 8) If a piston
e piston caused
rods and the fire,
cylinder and this
liners, piston
and cannot
inspect be
their overhaul
surface ed at
condition once,
, take the
precautio
alignmen
ns
t, and
referred
whether
to in
distorted.
Chapter
If in 703, Item
order, 4.2,
coat with 'Supplem
oil. entary
Repeat comment
the s', Point 7
checking (blow-
and by).
concentra
704.0242E

If heating To ensure
of the proper
scavenge draining of
air box oil sludge
wa!ls has from the
been scavenge air
considera boxes,
bte, the
thereby
staybolts
should be
reducing the
retighten risk of fire in
ed at the the scavenge
first air boxes, we
opportun recommend:
ity.
Daily check
Before during
retighte running
ning,
Cleaning
normal of drain
tempera pipes at
ture of regular
all intervals
engine
parts 4.1 Daily
must be checks
reestabli during
shed.
running:
The
alignme 1) Open the
nt of the valve
camsha between
ft the drain-
bearings tank and
should the
be sludge-
checked- tank.

2) Close the
valve
4. when the
Scavenge drain-
tank is
Air Drain empty.
Pipes
Plate 70402
 704.01-42E

3) Check the from the

pipes test-
from cocks to
flange AV flange
to the AV:
drain-
tank Open the
venting test
pipe: cocks,
one by
Does air escape from the drain-tank
venting pipe? one,
between
YES This indicates the main from
free passage
drain
flange AV to the drain-tank venting
pipe. pipe and
the
NO Clean the pipes scavenge
as described below,
air boxes
at the first opportunity.
4) Check and
the between
pipes the main

drain pipe and the scavenge air re- 1) Check that the valve betwe
AV
704.0242E

ceiver/auxiliary blowers. and the main drain pipe is ope

Begin at flange AV. and proceed to- Close all valves between
2) drain
wards flange BV. pipe and the scavenge air b
Use this procedure to locate any block- between the main drain pipe a
ing. scavenge air receive
blowers.
tween the drain tank and th
4.2 Cleaning of drain pipes at tank.
regular intervals: 6) Close the valve at flange BV
The intervals should be determined for the
actual plant, so as to prevent blocking-up of 7) Finally, open all valves betw
the drain system- main drain pipe and the sc
boxes, and between the m
pipe
Clean the main drain pipe and the drain-tank and the scavenge air receiver/
discharge pipe by applying air, hot water or blowers.
If hot water or steam is
used, it IS very important
to close all valves, to
prevent corrosion on the
piston rods.
3) Open the valve at
flange BV on the main
drain pipe.
This leads the cleaning
medium to the main drain
pipe.

4) When the main drain

Doespipe
air orisoilsufficiently
b;ow-out from the
clean,
individual test-cock?
open the valve between
the draintank and the
AIR The scavenge air space is being
sludge-tank.
drained correctly.
This will
This clean thefree
indicates drain-
passage from
tank discharge pipe.
the actual test-cock to flange A V.

The scavenge
OIL When
5) the drainair space is not being
tank
drained correctly.
discharge pipe is
sufficiently clean,
This indicates close
that the main
drain
the pipe
valve be-is blocked between
the testcock which blows-out
oil, and the neighbounng test-
cock towards flange A V.
Clean the drain pipe as descibed
below, at the first opportunity.
 704.01-42E

steam during engine standstill.

N
o
t
e
:

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a
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s
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704.0242E

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e

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a
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p
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u
a
ß
y
,
 704.01-42E

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f

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n
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704.0242E

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k

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o
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r
o
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p
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 704.01-42E

v
e

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e
a
k
i
n
g
.

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n
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t
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o
n

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C
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n
k
c
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704.0242E

s
e

1. Cause spots" on the

heated
When the surfaces can
engine is occUc. The
running, the "hot spots"
air in the will cause the
crankcase oil falling on
contains the them to
same types of evaporate.
gas (N2-
OÜC02) in the When the oil
same vapour
proportions as condenses
the ambient again,
air, but there countless
is also a heavy minute
shower of droplets are
coarse oil formed
droplets being which are
flung around
suspended in
everywhere.
the air, i.e. a
If abnormal milky-white
friction occurs oil mist
between the develops,
sliding which is able
surfaces, or to feed and
heat is propagate a
otherwise flame if
transmitted to ignition
the crankcase occurs. The
(for instance ignition can
from a be caused by
scavenge air the same
fire via the
"hot spot*
piston
which
rod/stufing
box) or caused the
through the oil mist.
hot uncooled
If a large
intermediate
amount of oil
bottom, "Hot
mist has
 704.01-42E

developed on
before should
ignition, the therefor
burning can
cause a
e be
tremendous taken
rise in to: A)
pressure in avoid
the crankcase "hot
(explosion), spots"
which forces a B)
momentary detect
opening of
the oil
the relief
valves. In
mist in
isolated cases, time.
when the
entire A. "Hot
crankcase has Spots" in
pre- Crankcase
sumably been Well-
full of oil mist, maintained
the bearings only
consequentia} overheat if
explosion has the oil supply
blown off the fails, or if the
crankcase bearing
doors and set journal
fire to the surfaces
engine room. become too
rough (owing
to the
lubricating oil
In the event thatbecoming
a crankcase explosion
has occurred, the corrosive,
complete flame
or arrester
of the relief valvesbeing
must polluted
be replaced.
NB: Similar by abrasive
explosions particles).
can also
occur in the For these
reasons, it is
chain casing
very
and
important
scavenge air
to:
box.
purify
Every the
precauti
704.0242E

lubricatin tip-top
g oil condition.
correctly, (See
Chapter
make 701: Lub. Oil
frequent Pressure,
control pos. 331,
analyses 334, 335;
(see Thrust
Chapter
Segment
708),
Temperatur
ensur e, pos. 350,
e that the 351, 352).
filter
gauze is Feel over
maintaine moving
d intact. parts (by
hand or
Due to the with a
high "thermo-
frictional feel") at
speed of the suitable
thrust intervals
bearing, (15-30
special care minutes
has been after
taken to starting,
ensure the one hour
oil supply to later, and
this bearing. again at full
load, (see
Monitoring Chapter
equipment is 703, Item
arranged to 3.2, 'Checks
give an alarm during
in cases of
Loading',
low
circulating oil
Check 9 Feel-
pressure over
and/or high Sequence').
temperature
of thrust
bearing
segments.
Keep this
equipment in
 704.01-42E

Check Al , the lower

mov
ing parts, and should never be neglected.
If in doubt, stop and feel over.
Chapter 702, explosion
is still the limit, LEL, to
best gain time to
safeguard stop the
against "hot engine before
spots" when ignition of the
starting up oil mist can
after repairs take place.
or alterations
affecting the See also the
special
B. Oil Mist
instructions
in from the
Crankcase supplier of the
In order to oil mist
ensure a detector.
reliabte, and
quick warning For CPP-
of oil mist plants with
formation in engaged
the crankcase, shaft generæ
constant tor, an
monjtoring is auxiliary
obtained with engine will
an "Oit Mist be started
Detector", automaticall
which y and
successively
coupled to
samples air
from each the grid,
crankcase before the
compartment. shaft
generator is
The detector disengaged
wijl give an and the
alarm and
engine
slowdown,
see Chapter
speed
701, pos. 436, reduced, see
437 at a mist 'Sequence
concentration Diagram',
which is only Plate 70304.
a fraction of
704.0242E

2. carried
Me out
asur automatic
ally, (POS.
es 437), see
to above.
be 2) Ask the
take bridge
n for
whe permissi
n on to
Oil stop.
Mis
3) When the
t engine
has STOP
occ order js
urre received:
d o stop the
engine
•
close
the
fuel doors or
Do not stand near crankcase
relief valves — nor in oil
corridors near
suppl
doors to the engine room casing in
y.
the event of an alarm for:
a) oil mist 4) Switch-off
the
b) high lube oil temperature
auxiliary
blowers.
c) no piston cooling oil flow, or
d) scavenge 5)box Open
fire the
Alarms b, c andskylight(s)
d should be
and/or
considered as pre-warnings of a
"stores
possible increasing oil mist level.
hatch".
See also our Service Letter SL97-348/
ERO- 6) Leave
1) Reduce the
speed/pit engine
ch to room.
slow-
down 7) Lock the
level, if casing
not doors and
already keep
 704.01-42E

away starting
from air, and
them. engage
the
8) Prepare turning
the fire- gear.
fighting
equipmen 10) Locate
t. the "hot
spot".
Do not Use
open the powerful
crankcase lamps
until at from the
start.
least 20
minutes Feel over,
after by hand
stopping or with
the engine. 'thermo-
When feel", all
the
opening up,
sliding
keep clear surfaces
of possible (bearings
spurts of , thrust
name. Do bearing,
not use piston
naked lights rods,
and do not stuffing
smoke. boxes,
crosshea
9) Stop the ds,
circulatin telescopi
g Oit c pipes,
pump. chains,
Take vibration
off/open dampers,
all the etc.). See
lowermos
also
t doors
on one point 14.
side of Look for
the squeezed-
crankcase out
. Cut off bearing
the metal,
704.0242E

and surfaces
discoloura are in
tion good
caused by condition
heat .
(blistered
paint, Take
burnt oil, special
oxidized care to
steel). check
Keep
that the
possible
bearing
circulati
metal ng oil
found at supply is
bottom of in order.
oil tray for
later 12) Start the
analyzing. circulatin
g oil
pump and
11) Prevent
turn the
further
engine by
"hot
means of
spots" by
the
preferabl
turning
y making
gear.
a
permane Check
nt repair. the oil
In case of flow
bearings from an
running bearings
hot, see , spray
Chapter
pipes
708, Item
7. f, point
and
g). See spray
also nozzles
Chapter in the
701, crankcas
'Sealing e,
Materials' chaincas
. e and
Ensure thrust
that the bearing
respectiv (Check
e sliding Al,
 704.01-42E

Chapter o
702). u
r
Check
for l
possible a
leakages t
from e
pistons r
or ,
piston
e
rods.
w
13) — Start
h
the
e
engine. n
A
f f
t u
e l
r l
:
l
e o
a
1 d
5
- i
3 s
0
r
m e
i a
n c
u h
t e
e d
s :
,

e S
t
o o
n p
e
a
h n
704.0242E

d es
which
f cause
e d the
e overh
l eating
. See
o Chapt
v er
e 703,
r 'Chec
. ks
during
— Loadi
ng',
L Item
o 3.2,
o Check
9,
k
Feel-
over
f
Seque
o
nce'.
r
14) In cases
o where it
i
has not
l
been
m possible
i to locate
s the "hot
t spot",
. the
procedur
Especi e
ally accordin
feel g to
over Point 10
(by
above
hand
or should
with a be
"ther repeated
mo- and
feel") intensifie
the d until
sliding the
surfac cause of
 704.01-42E

the oil cooling

mist has oil
been outlet
found pipe).
and
remedie — An oil
d. mist
could
There is a also
possibility develo
that the p as a
oil mist is result
due to of
"atomizati heat
on" of the from a
circulating scaven
oil, caused ge fire
by a jet of being
air/gas,
trans
e.g. by
mitted
combinati
on of the down
following: the
piston
— Stuffing rod or
box via the
Eeakages stuffin
(not air g box.
tight). Hot air
jets or
— Blow-
by
flames
throug could
h a also
cracke have
d passed
piston throug
crown h the
or stuffin
piston g box
rod into
(with the
direct crankc
connec ase.
tion to
crankc
ase via
the
704.0242E

Turbocharger Surging

1. General 2.2 Exhaust System

During normal 1. Restricti
operation, a on and
few 'shots' of fouling
surging will in the
often occur, air/ gas
e.g. at crash
system.
stop or other
abrupt 2. Malfuncti
manoeuvrings on in the
. This Sporadic fuel
surging is system.
normally 3. Rapid
harmless, variation
provided the s in
turbocharger engine
bearings are load.
in a good
service However, for
condition. convenience,
the points in
However, the "check
continuous lists" below
surging must are grouped
be avoided, according to
as there is a specific
risk of engine
damaging systems.
the rotor, See also
especially Plate 70404.
the
compressor
blading. 2. Causes
All cases of 2.1 Fuel Oil
turbocharger System
surging
(stalling) can Exhau
be divided st valve not
into three opening
main correctly
categories: Damaged or
blocked
 704.01-42E

protective Foule
grating before
turbocharger d air filter
Incre boxes
ased back Damaged
pressure silencer
after T.Ch.
Bearing
Press
ure failure.
pulsations
after T.Ch. 2.4
Scavenge
Pressure Air System
pulsations in
exhaust Foule
receiver d air cooler,
Damaged water mist
compensator catcher,
before T-Ch. and/or ducts
Stopped
2.3
Turbocharge water
r circulation to
cooler Coke
damaged in scavenge
turbine side ports
Foule
d or receiver
damaged temperature.
compressor
side 2.5
Miscellaneo
us

Low Low
circulating preheating
or supply temperature
pump Malfu
pressure. nctioning of
deaerating
Air valve on top of
in fuel oil venting tank
Water in fuel oil
Defec
tive suction
valve
704.0242E

Dete high
ctive load
puncture b) during
valve manoe
Stick uvring
ing fuel c) at shut
pump downs
plunger /slow
downs
Sticking fuel
valve spindle d) when
runnin
Dam g
aged fuel ASTER
valve nozzle N.
Defect in
overflow e) due to
"prope
valve in fuel
ller
return pipe
racing"
in bad
timing, faulty weath
load distribution. er.
Hunting
governor
3.
Countermea
Rapid sure
chang Continuous
es in surging can be
temporarily
engin counteracted
e by "blowing-
off from the
load. valve at the
Too top of the air
receiver.
rapid However,
rpm when doing
this the
chang exhaust
e: temperatures
will increase
a) when and must not
runni be allowed to
ng on exceed
 704.01-42E

the limiting values, see Chapter

701.
704.08-42A

Running with Cylinders or

Turbocharger out of Operation

1. General ceiver. The increased temperature

level caused by this must be
compensated for
The engine js designed and balanced to run by a reduction of the engine load, until
with all cylinders as well as the turbocharger the exhaust temperatures are in
accor-
working. If a breakdown occurs which dis- dance with the values stated in
Chapter
ables one or more cylinders, or the turbo 701.
charger, repair should preferably be carried
out immediately. 4. When cylinders are out of operation,
governor hunting may occur. When this
If this is not possible, the engine can be happens, the fuel pump index must be
operated with one or more cylinders or the limited by operating the electronic
turbocharger out of operation, but with reduced governor on "index control".
load owing to the following:
For some electronic governors, it is not
1. As, in such cases, the air supply is no recommended to use the mechanical
longer optimal, the thermal load will be stop for max. index- These governors
higher. have a built-in electronic max. index
Therefore, depending upon the actual control-
circumstances, the engine will have to
be operated according to the restrictions Regarding the mechanical/hydraulic
mentioned in Items 4 and 5 further on in governor (Woodward) the stop screw,
this Chapter. Plate 70301, pos. D, is screwed slightly
downwards, until the hunting just
Note that the exhaust temperatures can ceases.

sometimes be high at about 30-40% Before this is carried out, measure or

load, corresponding to 67 to 73% of mark the position of the stop screw, so
MCR speed. It may be necessary to that it can be returned to the original
avoid operating jn this range. position, when max. index is no
longer needed.
2. Pressure pulsations may occur in the
scavenge and exhaust receivers, which 5. With one or more cylinders out of ope-
can give a reduced air supply to any one ration, torsional vibrations, as well as
of the cylinders, consequently causing other mechanical vibrations, may
occur
the respective exhaust temperatures to at certain engine speeds.
increase.
The standard torsional vibration calcu-
 The fuel pump index for these cylinders lations cover the following conditions:
must therefore be reduced to keep the — normal running
exhaust temperatures (after valves) below the — misfiring of one cylinder
value stated in Chapter 701.
However, see "Note" under point 1 The latter leads to load limitations, see
above. Item 4 further on, which in most cases
are irrespective of the torsional vibration
3. Since the turbocharger will be working conditions; additional restrictions may
outside the normal range, surging may occur depending on the specific
condi-
occur. tions.
The above-mentioned calculations do
This can generally be remedied by not deaf with the situation where reci-
"blowing off from the scavenge air re- procating masses are removed from the
engine or where the exhaust valve remains Should this not give the desired result, it will be
open. In such specific cases the engine necessary to turn the engine to a better starting
maker has to be contacted. position, by means of the turning gear.
Remember to cut off the starting air before
Should unusual noise or extreme turning, and to open the indicator cocks.
vibrations occur at the chosen speed, 704.0942A
this speed must be further reduced.

Because the engine is no longer in

balance. increased stresses occur in
crankshaft, chain and camshaft. 2. How to put Cylinders out of
However, if abnormal vibrations do not
Operation (Plate 70401)
occur, the engine can usually be run for
a short period (for instance some days) See Volume Il 'Maintenance' for the
without suffering damage. respective procedures
If the engine is to be run for a prolonged The following points (A-E) describe five
period with cylinders out of operation, the different "methods" of putting a single cylinder
engine builder should always be contacted out of operation.
in order to obtain advice concerning
possible recommended barred speed The extent of the work to be carried out
ranges. dependsr of course, on the nature of the
troubie.
When only the fuel for the respective cylinders is
cut off, end the starting air connections remain NB In cases where the crosshead and
intact, the engine is fully manoeuvrable. crankpin bearings are operative, the oil
inlet
In cases where the starting air supply has to to the crosshead must not be blanked-off,
be cut off to some cylinders, starting in all as the bearings are lubricated through the
crankshaft positions cannot always be crosshead.
expected.
A summary of the various cases is given on
If the engine does not turn on starting air in a Plate 70401.
certain crankshaft position, it must immediately be
started for a short period in the opposite direction A. Combustion cut out. Piston and
(reversible engines), after which reversal is to be exhaust valve gear still working
made to the required direction of rotation. Compression on
Reasons: Insert blanking plates at the outlet pipe
Preliminary measure in the event of, for and at the cooling water inlet transition for
the cylinder concerned. Open the
instance: blow-by at piston rings or exhaust
freshwater inlet and outlet valves, refill and
valve; bearing failures which necessitate vent the system.
reduction of bearing load; faults in the However, as this procedure is rather time
injection system. See also Item 4, 704.11. consuming, it may be advantageous to find
the leakage and replace the defective parts
Procedure: by spare parts.
Cut out the fuel pump by lifting and securing
the roller guide (See Vol. Il, Procedure 909-5). 4) Dismantle the starting air pipe, and blank
off the main pipe and the control air pipe
Note: Piston cooling oil and cylinder cooling for the pertaining cylinder.
water must not be cut off.
5) When operating in this manner, the
B. Combustion and compression cut out engine speed should not exceed 55% of
Piston still working in cylinder MCR speed, see also note 1.
Reasons:
This measure is permitted in the event of, Note 1: The joints in the crosshead and
for instance, water is leaking into the crankpin bearings have a strength that, for a
cylinder from the cooling jacket, liner or short time, will accept the loads at full speed
without compression in the cylinder. However,
cylinder cover. See Item 3, 704.11.
to avoid unnecessary wear and pitting at the
704.1042B joint faces, it is recommended that, when
running a unit continuously with the
compression cut-out, the engine speed is
reduced to 55% of MCR speed, which is
normally sufficient to manoeuvre the vessel.
Running in this way must as soon as During manoeuvres, if found necessary, the
possib)e be superseded by the precautions engine speed can be raised to 80% of MCR
mentioned under D or E. speed for a short period, for example 15
Procedure: minutes.
1) Cut out the fuel pump by lifting and
securing the roller guide.
Under these circumstances, in order to en
sure that the engine speed is kept within a
(See Volume Il, Procedure 909-5).
safe upper limit, the over-speed level of the
2) Put the exhaust valve out of action and engine must be lowered to 83% of MCR
lock it in open position. (See Volume Il, speed.
Procedure 908-6).
C. Combustion cut out.
Shut-off the air and oil supply. Exhaust valve closed.
Dismantle and block the actuator oil Piston still working in cylinder.
pipe. Restart the oil pump. Reasons:
This measure may be used if, for instance,
3) Blank-off the cooling water inlet and outlet the exhaust valve or the actuating gear is
for the cylinder.
defective. See also Item 4, 704.11.
This can be done by closing the freshwater
inlet and outlet valves, and draining until Procedure:
the water level is below the water
transitions between the cylinder frame and
1) Cut out the fuel pump by lifting and
securing the roller guide. (See Volume Il,
the cooling jackets. For S3542MC, drain the
Procedure 909-5).
engine completely.
2) Put the exhaust valve out of action (See E. Piston, piston rod, crosshead,
Volume Il, Chapter 908-5) so that the connecting rod, and telescopic
valve remains closed (lift the guide or pipe out
stop the oil supply and remove the _e.a.*Q.n.s;R
hydraulic pipe). This method is only used if lack of spare
Note: The cylinder cooling water and piston parts makes it necessary to repair the
cooling oil must not be cut out. defective parts during the voyage. See Item
3, 704.11.
D. Piston, piston rod, and crosshead
suspended in the engine. Procedure:
Connecting rod out 1) Cut out the fuel pump by lifting and locking
Reasons: the roller guide. (See Volume Il, Procedure
909-5).
For instance, serious defects in piston,
piston rod, connecting rod, cylinder cover,
2) Put the exhaust valve out of action (See
cylinder liner and crosshead. See Item 3,
Volume Il, Chapter 908-5) so that the
704.11.
valve remains closed.
Procedure:
3) Dismantle the starting air pipe, and
1) Cut out the fuel pump by lifting and fixing blank off the main pipe and the control air
the roller guide. (See Volume Il, Procedure pipe for the pertaining cylinder.
909-5).
704.1142 4) Dismantle piston
B with piston rod
2) Put the exhaust valve out of action and stuffing box,
(Volume Il, Chapter 908-5) so that the crosshead, connecting rod and crankpin
valve remains closed. bearing. Blank off the stuff-
ing box opening with two plates
3) Dismantle the startinq air pipe Blank off the (towards scavenge air box and
main pipe and the control air pipe for the crankcase). Minimum plate thickness 5
pertaining cylinder. mm.

Note: In this case the blanking-off of the 5) Blank off the oil inlet hole from the
starting air supply is particularly important, as telescopic pipe.
otherwise the supply of starting air will blow
down the suspended engine components. 6) Set the cylinder lubricator for the
pertaining cylinder to "zero" delivery.
4) Turn the piston into top position and fit
supports for the crosshead, in
accordance with the directions in 3. Starting after putting Cylinders out of
Volume Il, Chapter 904. Dismantle the Operation
crosshead and crankpin bearings, and
take the connecting rod out of the After carrying out any of the procedures
crankcase. described under points B, C, D, and E, it is,
before starting, absolutely necessary to
5) Blank off the oil inlet to the crosshead. check the oil flow through the bearings,
and the tightness of blanked-off openings.
6) Set the cylinder lubricator for the
pertaining cylinder, to "zero" delivery. After 10 minutes' running, and again after
one hour, the crankcase must be opened
for checking:
 the bearings, the temporarily secured 4. Running with one Cylinder
parts, the Oit flow through bearings, the
tightness of blanked-off openings. Misfiring (Cases A and C)
Misfiring is defined as: no
Load Restrictions injection and compression
Cases A and C, see Item 4, below. present.
Cases B, D and E, always contact the etv gine
builder for calculation of allowable out- If only one cylinder is misfiring, it will most
put and possible barred speed range. likely be possible to run the engine, i.e. the
remaining and working cylinders, with a
mean indicated pressure, pi, up to 90% of
the specified MCR-value of pi for the actual
engine. In such cases, the following speed
and shaft powers may be obtained for a
fixed
bladed propeller.
704.1242B

Total No. of % r/min % Load If heavy vibrations, bearing failure, or other

Cylinders (of MCR) (of MCR) troubles occur in a turbocharger, preliminary
measures can be taken in one of the following
4 83 57 ways:
5 86 63
6 88 A. If the ship must be instantly
7 89 71 manoeuvrable:
8 90 73 Reduce the load until the vibrations cease-
9 91 75
B. If the ship must be instantly
10 91 77 manoeuvrable, but the damaged
11 92 78 turbocharger cannot run even at
12 92 78 reduced load:
NB Only valid for misfiring, i.e. Item 2, Note: This mode of operation is only
points A and C, see Pages 704.09-10 and recommendable if no time is available
Plate for carrying out the procedures
70401.
described in Item 'C', 'Running for an
extended period with a Turbocharger
For a CP-propeller, the same values apply out of Ope-
when running according to the design
pitch. Refer to the TIC manual regarding the
maximum time of operation in condition
In cases where more than one cylinder is 'B'* before the bearings will be damaged.
misfiring, the engine builder shall be
contacted. Enqines with one turbocharqer:
1. Stop the engine.
5. How to put the Turbocharger out of 2. Lock the rotor of the defective
Operation turbocharger. (See T/C manual).
Remove the compensator between the
(See also special instruction book for the compressor outlet and the scavenge air
turbocharger). duct.
This reduces the suction resistance.
 4. Load restrictions: See Plate 70403. plate is also inserted in the turbine
inlet, as described in Item C, 'Engines
Engines with two turbochargers (Option): with two Turbochargers' (Option).

1. Stop the engine. C. Running for an extended period with a

turbocharger out of operation Enqines
2. Lock the rotor of the defective with one turbocharger:
turbocharger. (See T/C manual). • Engines with exhaust by-pass
3. Insert an orifice plate in the compressor (Option).
outlet.
A small air flow is required 1. Stop the engine.
through the compressor to cool the 2. Lock the turbocharger rotor. (See T/C
impeller. manual).
4. Load restrictions: See Plate 70403. 3. Remove the blanking plate from
Note: The load limit can be the exhaust by-pass pipe.
increased considerably if an orifice

ration'. 704.13-42B
4. Remove the compensator between 4. Load restrictions: See Plate 70403.
the compressor outlet and the
scavenge air duct. This reduces the D. Repair to be carried out during voyage.
suction resistance.
Engines with two turbochargers (Option):
5. Load restrictions: See Plate 70403.
e Engines without exhaust by-pass. 1. Stop the engine.
1. Stop the engine
2. Insert blanking plates in compressor
2. Remove the rotor and nozzle ring of outlet, turbine inlet and turbine outlet.
the turbocharger.
(See T/C manual) 3. Load restrictions: See Plate 70403.
3. Insert blanking plates. (See T/C
manual) Engines with exhaust by-pass (Option):
4. Remove the compensator 1- Stop the engine.
between the compressor outlet 2. Insert blanking plates in turbine inlet and
and the scavenge air duct. This turbine outlet.
reduces the suction resistance.
3- Remove the blanking plate from the
5. Load restrictions: See Plate 70403. exhaust by-pass pipe.
Engines with two turbochargers (Option): 4. Remove the compensator between the
compressor outlet and the scavenge air
duct.
1. Stop the engine.
2. Lock the rotor of the defective 5. Load restrictions: See Item 'C',
turbocharger. (See T/C manual) 'Engines with exhaust by-pass
(Option)
3. Insert orifice plates in the compressor
outlet and the turbine inlet.
A small air flow is required to cool
the impeller, and a small gas flow is
desirable to prevent corrosion.
6. Putting an Auxiliary Blower out the built-in non-return valve, and there are
no restrictions in the operation of the
of Operation engine.
If one of the auxiliary blowers becomes See also Vol. 111B Components
inoperative, it is automatically cut out by Descriptions', Chapter 910.

Cutting Cylinders out of Action Plate 7040142

Case A Case B Case C case D Case E

Nature of the action Combustion Compression Combustion All All
to be stopped and to be stopped reciprocating reciprocating
combustion to (due to faulty parts parts out
be Otopped exhaust valve) suspended or
out

Some reasons for the Blow-by at Leaking Exhaust valve, Quickest and Only of
action piston rings or cylinder cover or exhaust safest measure interest if
exhaust valve. or liner. valve actuating in the event of spare parts
Reduction of gear, faults in large are not
load on malfunction moving parts. available
bearings. or cylinder
Faulty cover or
injection cylinder liner
equipment.

Fuel pump with roller Lifted Lifted Lifted Lifted Lifted

guide

Exhaust valve Working Held open Closed Closed Closed

Air for air spring Open Closed Open Open Open

Exhaust valve actuator Working Out or lifted Out or lined Out or lifted Out or lifted
with roller guide

Oil inlet for actuator Open Pipe Open Open Open

dismantled and
blocked

Starting valve Working Blanked Working Blanked Blanked

Piston with rod Moving Moving Moving Suspended Out

Crosshead Moving Moving Moving Suspended out

Connecting rod Moving Moving Moving Out Out

Crankpin bearing Moving Moving Moving Out out

Oil inlet to crosshead Open Open Open Blanked Blanked

Cooling oil outlet Open Open Open

from crosshead
Cylinder lubricator Working Working Working 'Zero" delivery "Zero' delivery

Plate 7040242A Scavenge Air Drain Pipes

 AV

Cutting the Turbocharger out of Action Plate 7040342B

Component Case B Case C 1 ) Case D
Engines Engines Engines with one TIC Engines (Engines
with with with with
one two TIC With Without two TIC two TIC)
TIC (Option) by-pass by-pass (Option) (Option)

Rotor 2) Locked Locked ocked Removed Locked

Nozzle ring 2) Removed

Compressor Orifice Orifice Blanking

outlet plate plate plates

Turbine inlet Orifice Blanking

plate plates

Turbine outlet Blanking

plates

Compensator Removed Removed Removed

after
compressor
outlet

By-pass blanking Removed

plate

TIC housing 2) Blanking

plates

Max % of MCR
loadl (speed):

1 TIC of 1 15/(53) 3) 20-251 15/(53) 3)

(58-63) 4)
 1 TIC of 2 15/(53) 50/(79) 50/(79) 3)
3) 5) 6)

1 Aux. b'. of 2 10/(46) 10/(46) 4) 15/(53) 4) 10/(46) 4) 50/(79)

1)

The engine builder will, jn each specific case. be able to give further information about engine
load possibilities and temperature levels.
2)

See TIC manual.

3)
The exhaust temperatures must not, however, exceed the value(s) stated in Chapter
701. See also the Note in Item 1, 'General', page 704.08.
4)

The exhaust temperature must not exceed 400 0 C.

5)
This is due to the loss of exhaust gas through the damaged turbocharger.
6)
The mentioned exhaust temperature limit at emergency running is an average value for the whole load
range.
7)
Simultaneous with TIC out of operation.
Observations: Temporary stop of surging

START

— Open one exh. by-pass

valve (if Installed), or
Surging — reduce englne load, or
at constant — open the rellef valve on
load? the scav. alr receiver,
unlll surging Just stops

Open one exh. by-pass

valve (It Installed), or
Surging open the rellef valve on
whlle run- the scav. air receiver, or
nlng up? start the aux. blowers, If
possible, to 'help' the chacger
pass the crltlcel polnt untll
surging Just stops e)

ff posslble:
Surging Stabillse the engine toad
at fluctuating Adjust the governor
load? Swltch over to Index
regulation

Surging Reduce the engfne load

hile runnin more slowly
down?

Hag
END Surglng
 etopped

Note: The exhaust temperatures

must not be allowed to exceed
the limiting values, see
Chapter 701

C) Higher than normal

D) Abnormal or deviatlng
from the other cyl.
eeav C)
Corrective actions:
706.05-706.13

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