Assignment 1

Bipin Kumar Sethy

Linear Algebra SR No:25003

2 for Au
f Given A 2
2 5 7
I
73
3 9 12 4
Converting A into RowEchelon form 43
operation image
t
0 0 0 24
257 1
0 0
0 1 1 73 2f
1
41
1 0 3 3 Fa 3ft
I 2 3
I 005 0 3 3
0 0 0 1
724 0 01 0 0 I 1 f 2ft
0 1 0 0 0 0 Fs 2ft

ff3fe
1

00 0 f 24 51434
8 0 0 00 Fa 2ft

forthe systemsofequations to beSolvable

27 72 0

73 24 4T 7 0
fi 73 fg 0
2 1 0

I 10 1
1
8
 an f that will imagethe system solvable

it
Reduced Row Echelon form

0 0
43
tene we have 2 pivots Tank is 2
First Two Columns are
linearly Independent and therefore well form
column
spaceof A
CCA All linear combination of and

Solving An 0
2 3
0 03 3
4 242 343 0
0 0 0
0 0 0 µ Free variable
342 431 0

NA C I
I

RA All combination of first 2 rows ofRREF

Hementary operations leave row space unchanged
lie
f
solve ATU O and
for finding NA we u gives
the N A on
left Null Space
I 2 2 3
2 9
AT 4 5
3 6 7 12
To solve Atu

Doing Row operation on AT

I O

I 2 2 3 33
e R matrix
8 Us Uq are free variables
Since Columns 1 and 3 have pivots in R matrix
and 3 matrix i 1 AT will
Columns 1
of original give
the RA i.e all combination
f
1
of

it Run nu su

4 242 3 D
Up
z 2 Null spacecontains all
A 0 42 combination
of Special
Solutions
a

ParticularSol considering F
hematrix go after operations will be 3

g else 202 8
24 34 1101
Fa 2ft 0
I 2 3 4
so
0 3 3
0 0 0
ooo
 U 202T 343 1 U 1 242 343 1 243 343 1 43
3 424 437 0 42 63

so
4 us
13
if it
3 Given Heat Equation

Off C2 UH 0 4,11
forwarddifference approximation
of first derivative
4 m an 44
Ee.TL AN 01
Backward diff approximation of Second derivative
02 44 091 4 412 0217 remton 2am a C on
244 ΔN2
x in 2n 4m14
dish on 14
ON 24K 387
N 114 n 2 n 3
4 4
Given Boundary Condition 410,4 U t.tl 0

0 414 114 24114 114 114

444 241147 4101
2
2
4
42 241 40 that
416 µ
 4441 2444 414
0
a 42
43 242 4
116 8 He
243 42 t
a 3 116 8
On matrix form this can be represented as
0 i delft
12 to daydt
1 21 43 U2
0 I
_As dt
16 2 1 0
4 8k
duldt
Idt
1
mar
L 0 16 32
for finding Eigenvalues det A XI 0
32 16 0
Solving
16 0

32

f 32 a 1 32 162 16 16135 1 0

32 32 5 162 2563 0
2
32 6 1024 64 256 2563 0
32 72 64 5123 0
32
2 32 1652 9.37
3 32 1672 54.63
Eigen Vectors
for 32 Lets solve for A A1 0
o 16
16 0 16 1 8
0 It 0
73
10 0 16
BYsolvingthis I

0 16 0 f
0
160 0
0
we will
get
0 C
l
for 22 9.37
T
722.63 16 0 y
16 22.63 16 82 58
0 16 22.63 43

112 0.7074
3
1
I
2
is
O 16 22.63 EERI _Is 1.414
1_
Similarly for 23 54.63
22.63 16 0
off g
22.63 16
16 22.63 73
R2 0 707 R 1
T
22.63 16 0
482 is I t.mg
o 11.31 16
0 16 22.63 _0 0 0 1
Diagonalization of A 1
1
Lets define matrix S I I 0 141 1.41

Ergen vector matrix I I 1 I 1 1

5 A 5 1 Diagonal matrix

5 cofactor of 57
Lets
0.5 0 0.5
025 0355 0125
G 25 0 354 0125

Therefore
5 A 5
T
0.5 32 16 0_ 4 1
0125 01355 16 0 141 1.41
1.354 0125 32 16
0.25 0 16 t
32
f
ofthis
The elements
diagonal
0 9.37 0 matrix are the Eigen values
0 54158
 4
Uncoupled system of Equation 19 910 9
The matrix A can be expressed as
A 5 A 5 1
Au
dg
The
given system
uh eat seats 1
To decouple the System Lets introduce a new set
of variable gal
UK 5914
As 94
If I
A 94
day As q t

4ft A 94
Sine Age 19

Gi di di
didt

edit
c
edit q 9 exit
q c
initial and for each Xp

from U t S
q t
wa 5901 59
9 S UC
4 A 1 0 0
I 1 0
0 1 I
0 0 I
3 4 matrix
cheeking Linear Independenceof
columns

0 0
0 0 Therefore all three columns are independent
0 0
0 0 0
Lets denote the b c Now a b and
columns
of matrix A as a c will
roduce orthogonal vectors A B C and
post normalization
will produce 91,92 93
t
A I 1 0 0
11 All FIT V2
so 9
I

B b A
II I
ABA I p 1
a
I t
FB
C c
Af A Pf B

I_
11011 46 416 74 1 I 464
1
12
So 1
522
1
122
95
1
1522
156 1522
so the Q matrix Q
3

9,1a 9 b qic
R 9 b 9C
95C

Yrs 0 0 I
9 a
t 42 V2
O
O

g b V2
I V2

O
 Ya

If
q c
o

q b To
Of t.tk

The re
gie
f 83

93 57
2
7 14 4
2

11 1 354

VI 112 0
0 3H F
0
314

CHECK

II Iiib
1
TI 112

38
0
1
T

I
0 0 of

1.21
I 1109
This matrix is A