Previous year Questions

Unit – 5 (Inferential statistics)

Q. Consider the following hypothesis:
𝑯𝟎 : 𝝁 = 𝟑𝟓
𝑯𝟏 : 𝝁 ≠ 𝟑𝟓
A sample of 81 items is taken whose mean is 37.5 and the standard deviation is 5 . Test the
hypothesis at 5% level of significance.
[ Given : Critical value of Z for a two-tailed test at 5% level of significance is 1.96] (2022)
̅̅̅̅
SOLUTION: We have, 𝑋 = 37.5, 𝑆 = 5 , 𝑛 = 81
̅̅̅̅
𝑋 −𝜇 37.5−35 2.5
∴𝑍= 𝑆 = 5 = 5 = 4.5
√𝑛 √81 9

Given: 𝑧9 (0.05)=1.96 ⇒ 𝑧 > 𝑧9 (0.05)

So, null hypothesis 𝐻0 is rejected at 5% level of significance and the alternative is accepted at 5% level of
significance . Hence,𝜇 ≠ 35.
Q. Ten cartons are taken at random from an automatic packing machine. The mean net weight of the
ten cartons is 11.8 kg and standard deviation is 0.15kg. Does the sample mean differ significantly from
the intended mean of 12kg? [Given that for d.f. = 9, t0.05 = 2.26] (2022)
SOLUTION:Given that,
𝜇 = Population mean = 12 kg, ̅̅𝑋̅̅ = Sample mean = 11.8 kg
𝑛 = 10 and , sample standard deviation = s = 0.15
Null Hypothesis H0 = 12 , H1 ≠ 12.
̅̅̅̅
𝑋 –𝜇 11.8−12
t= 𝑠 =( 0.15
)× 3 = −4
√n−1
The test statistic ‘t’ follows student t – distribution with (10−1) = 9 degrees of freedom.
It is given that t0.05= 2.26. ⇒> Calculated |𝑡| > tabulated t9(0.05)
So, the null hypothesis is rejected at 5% level of significance.
Hence, there is a significant difference between the sample mean ̅̅𝑋̅̅ and the population mean.
Q. A bulb producing factory claims that its bulb has a mean life of 20 months . A random sample of 8
such bulbs gave the following values : life of bulbs ( in months ):- 24, 22, 27, 18 , 20 24, 22 , 19. Test
the factory claim at 5% level of significance . (Given t(7 ,0.05) = 2.36 ) (2022-comptt)
𝛴𝑥𝑖 24+22+27+18+20+24+22+19 176
SOLUTION: Sample mean (̅𝑋 ̅̅̅) = = = = 22
n 8 8
𝛴(𝑥 −𝑥̅ )2 62
S = √ 𝑖 = √8 = √7.75 = 2.78
𝑛
̅̅̅̅
𝑋 –𝜇 22−20
t= 𝑠 =( ) × √7 = 0.72 𝑋 2.65 = 1.908
2.78
√n−1
It is Given t(7 ,0.05) = 2.36 ⇒ Calculated |𝑡|< tabulated t7(0.05)
So, the null hypothesis is accepted at 5% level of significance.
Hence, factory claim is true.
Q. A group of 5 patient treated with medicine A weigh 10, 8, 12, 6, 4 kg . A second group of 7 patient
treated with medicine B weigh 14, 12, 8 , 10 6, 2, 11 kg. Comment of the rejection of hypothesis with
5% level of significance . (Given t(10 ,0.05) = 1.812 ) (2022-comptt)
10+8+12+6+4 40
SOLUTION: ̅𝑋 ̅̅̅ = = = 8
5 5
14+12+8+10+6+2+11 63
𝑦̅ = 7
= 7 =9
2
𝛴(𝑥 −𝑥̅ ) +𝛴(𝑦𝑖 −𝑦̅) 2 40+98 138
S2 = 𝑖 = = = 13.8
𝑛1+ 𝑛2 −2 5+7−2 10
𝑥̅ −𝑦̅ 8−9 −1 35
t= 1 1
= 1 1
= 12
= −√ 13.8 𝑋 12 = −√ 0.2278 = −0.48
√𝑠2 (𝑛 + )
𝑛2
√𝑆 2 ( + ) √13.8 𝑋
1 5 7 35

It is Given t(10 ,0.05) = 1.812 ⇒ Calculated |𝑡|< tabulated t10(0.05)

So, the null hypothesis is accepted at 5% level of significance.
Q. If the calculated value of |t|˂ tv(α ), then the null hypothesis is :
(a) rejected (b) accepted (c) cannot be determined (d) neither accepted nor rejected (2023)
SOLUTION: Correct Option is (b)
Q. For testing the significance of difference between the means of two independent samples, the
degree of freedom (v) is taken as :
(a) n1- n2 + 2 (b) n1- n2 -2 (c) n1 + n2 -2 d) n1 + n2 -1 (2023)
SOLUTION: Correct option is (c)
Q. The mean weekly sales of a four-wheeler were 50 units per agency in 20 agencies. After an
advertising campaign, the mean weekly sales increased to 55 units per agency with standard
deviation of 10 units. Test whether the advertising campaign was successful. (Use t 0·005 = 1·729 for 19
d.f. (2023)
SOLUTION: Ho : μ ≤ 50 , H1 : μ > 50
̅̅̅̅
𝑋 –𝜇 55−50
t= 𝑠 =( 10
)× √20 = 0.5 𝑋 2√5 = √5 = 2.23
√n
It is given that t0.05= 1.729. ⇒We observed that, |𝑡| ≥ 1.729
So, the null hypothesis is rejected at 5% level of significance.
Hence, the advertisement campaign is successful
Q. For a student t –test , the test statistic t is given by (2023-comptt)
̅̅𝑿̅̅ ̅̅𝑿̅̅–𝝁 ̅̅𝑿̅̅–𝝁
(a) ̅𝑿
̅̅̅– 𝝁 (b) t = 𝑺
(c) t = 𝑺
(d) t = 𝒔
√𝐧−𝟏
SOLUTION: Correct option is (d)
Q. The mean IQs of a group of 18 students from one area of a city was found to be 95 with a
standard deviation of 10 , while The mean IQs of a group of 12 students from another area of
a city was found to be 100 with a standard deviation of 8 . Test whether there is a significant
difference between the IQs of two group of students at 1% level of significance . ( Use ; t 28
(0.01) = 2.763) (2023-comptt)
SOLUTION: Here H0 = x = y and H1 = x ≠ y
n1 = 18 , 𝑥̅ = 95 , s1 = 10 , n2 = 12 , 𝑦̅ = 100 , s2 = 8
(𝑛1 −1)𝑠1 2 +(𝑛2 −1)𝑠2 2 17 (100)+11(64) 2404
S2 = 𝑛1+ 𝑛2 −2
= 18+12−2
= 28
= 85.86
 𝑥̅ −𝑦̅ 95−100 −5 −5 −5
t= = = = = = −1.45
√𝑠2 (𝑛
1 1
+ )
1 1
√85.86( + ) √85.86 𝑋
5 √11.925 3.45
1 𝑛2 18 12 36

It is Given t(10 ,0.01) = 2.763 ⇒ Calculated |𝑡|< tabulated t10(0.05)

So, the null hypothesis is accepted at 1% level of significance and conclude that that the difference is not
significant.
Q. If the calculated value of |t|< tv(α) (critical value of t), then the null hypothesis : (2024)
(a) is rejected. (b) is accepted.
(c) is neither accepted nor rejected. (d) cannot be determined.
Solution: (b) is accepted
Q. For testing the significance of difference between the means of two independent samples, the
degree of freedom (v) is taken as : (2024)
(a) n1 – n2 + 2 (b) n1 – n2 – 2 (c) n1 + n2 – 2 (d) n1 + n2 + 2
Solution :(c) n1 + n2 – 2
Q. The mean weekly sales of a 4-wheeler was 50 units per agency in 20 agencies. After an advertising
campaign, the mean weekly sales increased to 55 units per agency with standard deviation of 10
units. Test whether the advertising campaign was successful. [Given √5 = 2.24, t 19(0×05) = 1.729]
(2024)
Solution: Ho : µ= 50 , H1 : µ > 50
̅̅̅̅
𝑋 –𝜇 55−50 5
t= 𝑠 =( )× √20 = 10 × 2√5 = √5 = 2.24
10
√n
It is given that t0.05= 1.729. ⇒We observed that, |𝑡| ≥ 1.729
So, the null hypothesis is rejected at 5% level of significance.
Hence, the advertisement campaign is successful
Q. Specific characteristic of a sample is known as a: (2024-comptt)
(a) population (b) parameters. (c) statistics. (d) variance.
Solution: (c) statistics
Q. The test statistic for a one sample T test denoted by t is defined as: (2024-comptt)
̅−𝝁
𝒙 ̅−𝝁
𝒙 ̅−𝝁
𝒙 ̅−𝝁
𝒙
(a) 𝒕 = 𝑺 (b) 𝒕 = 𝑺 (c) 𝒕 = 𝑺𝟐
(d) 𝒕 = 𝑺
( ) ( ) ( ) ( 𝟐)
√𝒏 𝒏 𝒏 𝒏
̅ is the sample mean
Where µ is the population mean and 𝒙
̅−𝝁
𝒙
Solution : (a) 𝒕 = 𝑺
( )
√𝒏
Q. Ten students are selected at random from a college and their height in centimeter are found to be
100, 104, 108, 110, 118, 120, 122, 124 , 126 and 128. In the light of the data , discuss the conclusion
that the mean height of the student of the college is 110 cm. [ Given : t9(0.05) = 2.262]
Solution : Null Hypothesis H0: There is no significant difference (2024-comptt)
Alternate hypothesis H1: The sample mean is not same as the population mean.

𝑥𝑖 𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥̅ (𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥̅ )2

100 -16 256

104 -12 144
108 -8 64
110 -6 36
118 2 4
 120 4 16
122 6 36
124 8 64
126 10 100
128 12 144
Σ𝑥𝑖 = 1160 Σ(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥̅ )2 = 864
1160
𝑥̅ = = 116
10
1 1
𝑆 2 = Σ(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥̅ )2 ⇒ × 864 = 86.4 ∴ s = 9.29
𝑛 10
116−110 18
⇒t = 9.798 𝑋 √10 − 1 = 9.29 = 1.937
∴ Calculated |t| = 1.937 < 2.262 = t9 (0.05)
So, we accept the null hypothesis. Hence, the sample mean is same as the population means.
Consequently, the mean height of the students of the college is 110 cm.