Jonathan Maldonado

Due date: May 22

Abstract class: is a class that has attributes/methods and cannot be instantiated, only
inherited.Example: abstract class Writer {(...)
} Part of java programming language.
Ambiguous Overloading: It’s a runtime error in java, it happens when the program can call two
or more methods and cannot decide which one to call. Example: input (3,5)
Array: Principle of programming that allows the reuse the methods of a main class inside a
subclass. Example: A Class “Professor” inherits the methods of a Class “Person”.Part of coding
language.
Base. It's the number of digits within a number system. Example: 0,1 for binary code. Part of the
number of systems.
Binary system. Based on the use of two symbols (0,1) to represent all data. Part of the number
system.
Body of function: is the group of instructions inside the function. Example: double areaSquare
(int x){ x*x; return}. Part of a function.
Class:A predefined or user created thing. Example:”class className {enemy}” . Part of a
program.
Composition: It’s the relationship between classes in which one (subclass) is part of another
class (main class). Example: public class myPartClass{ … } // public class myWholeClass {int x
x.myPartClass...} Part of OOP.
Concept: Abstraction of the real world, represented by a word. Example: ‘apples’. Part of
knowledge.
Concept Formation: Creation of a word that represents a shared characteristic in a group.
Example: creating the word ‘fruit’ from a group of different sweet products of trees. Part of
knowledge.
Conceptual Hierarchy: : Creation of concepts upon prior concepts. Examples:
Existence/Life/Plant/Fruit/Apples. Part of the creation of knowledge.
Constructor: It’s a type of function inside of a class that initializes all the variables in it and
executes instructions. Example: class Example
public static void theExample (int x){
x=10; } Part of a class.
Crow: It's the maximum amount of individual data the mind can retain at any given moment.
Example: number of words we can repeat after listening to them. Part of: Volition.
Data: Information processed by a computer. Example: “ 01001000 01100101 01101100
01101100 01101111 00100001”. Part of a program.
Declaration statement: Has two parts: Left side (type of variable) and right side (value of the
variable). Example: int weight. Part of a method or variable.
Declaring a variable: Allocation of memory in the program. Example: int age. Part of a class or
method.
Default constructor: Is automatic. It has no parameters, the program creates one when
executing the program but it contains no parameters. Example: class example { int a;} Part of a
class.
Digit. It’s a count of a number of units in a single symbol. Example: Number 8. Part of the
number system.
Dynamic method: is the one that gets resolved at runtime; the values inside are empty only until
the program is executed and the computer overwrites the values inside of it. Part of
programming language.
File class: Class from the java.io package, allows us to read from and to files by importing the
file and creating an object of that class. Example: import java.io.File; // Import the File class //
File myObj = new File("filemyWork.txt"); // Specify the filename. Part of File class.
File creating: To create a file in Java, we need the createNewFile() method. This method returns
a boolean value: true if the file was successfully created, and false if the file already exists.
Example: File myObj = new File("C:\\Users\\MyName\\filename.txt") PArt of file class.
File reading: To read a file in Java we can use the Scanner method by creating an object of the
Scanner type and then assign a file to it from our files directory. Example: File myObj = new
File("filename.txt"); Scanner myReader = new Scanner(myObj); Part of file class.
Focus: It's the choice of thinking about an individual object. Example: staring at a particular tree
in a forest. Part of Volition.
For loop:It contains the three elements of a loop in one line, normally the number of iterations is
already known. Example: for (i=1;i>4;i++).Part of loops.
Functions: An action a thing can do. Example:”Class ‘Enemy” Function: run” . Part of a program.
Generics: is a method programmed to perform the same functionality for different data types
without having to write one different for each data type. Example: public static <T> T max(T a, T
b, T c){} Part of coding language.
Has-a relationship: it’s the result of an instance of one class being used in another class,
Example: Blackberries IS-A berry; berry IS-A fruit.Part of inheritance.
Identity: Aspect/s that defines a thing. Example: Apple is defined by its color red, circular shape
and sweetness. Part of concepts.
IF ELSE statement: It’s a programming statement that runs a certain part of a code when a
condition is true and another one when it’s false. Example: if A=3 {then X}; else {Y}. Part of
loops.
IF statement: It’s a programing statement that runs a program only when the condition is true.
Example: if A=3 {then X}. Part of loops.
Inheritance: Principle of programming that allows to reuse the methods of a main class inside a
subclass. Example: A Class “Professor” inherits the methods of a Class “Person”. Part of OOP.
Integrated Development Environment: It’s a program designed to help create other programs.
For example: BlueJ. Part of programs.
Interface: Similar to an abstract class, it contains methods that have no body ({}). Example:
interface Writer { void writer();} Part of OOP.
Knowledge: A hierarchy of concepts linked to the real world. Example:
Existence/Life/Plant/Fruit/Apples. Part of the world of ideas.
Language (programming): Summary of commands and syntax that instruct a process to a
machine. Example: Java language.
Library of code: List of pre-written commands that are available for the IDE to use. Example:
Java language. Example: java.util. Part of programming language.
Linear recursion: A linear recursion is the one that only calls itself during the execution of the
program. Example: Function A calls Function A and returns the value. Part of OOP.
Loop: Is a repetition or iteration of a block of code. Example: for (statement 1; statement 2;
statement 3) {} Part of programming language.
Method Overloading: Allows to have a class with more than one with the same name as long as
the parameters are different. Example: public class W16P1
{ public static void main (String[] args) {
System.out.println(add(1,2));
System.out.println(add(1,2,3));
}
public static int add(int a, int b){ return a+b; }
public static int add(int a, int b, int c){ return a+b+c;} Part of OOP.
Method signature: It's the method name and parameters inside (it has to be the same method
name to use the overload feature). Example:. public static int add(int a, int b){
return a+b;
} Part of a method.
Nesting: to locate a set of code that will run inside of another block of code only when the
previous characteristics are fulfilled. Part of loops.
Example: if variableA >=20 {print(A lot of money)
if variableA >=1 {print(a little money)}
else {print( no money)}}
Non linear recursion: A non linear recursion is the one that calls another function within itself
and passes values to that function until it calls itself again at some point. Example: Function A
calls Function B and then function A again returning the value. Part of OOP.
Number system: It’s the invention necessary to represent more unites than the number of
characters allow. Example: A number greater than 9 requires two or more digits together: ‘12’.
Part of mathematics.
Object Oriented Programming: Type of programming language that groups data and actions that
are related within an object. Example:”Main function” . Part of programming.
One way recursion: One way recursion means that the execution of the program is done by
calling the function. Example: myFunction( int counter) { if(counter == 0) return;
else
{ System.out.println("counter is " + counter);
myFunction(--counter); return; Part of OOP.
Overloading: more than one method shares the same method name with a different signature in
the class. Part of OOP.
Overwriting: it refers to the presence of a method with exactly the same name, in a subclass
and a superclass. In this case a subclass overrides the execution of this method. Example:
Super class A has a method ShowX(b) and subclass B that extends class A has the same
method ShowX(c). Part of OOP.
Paradigm: Actions performed on the data or ways to organize it. Example: Object Oriented
programing. Part of a program.
Parameter: is a declaration that describes a variable in a function. Example: double areaSquare
(int x){…} Part of a function or class.
Perception: Integration of multiple sensations. Example: enjoying a song. Part of Volition.
Polymorphism: Allows you to define one class and have multiple implementations within the
objects on them without having to create an instance of an object every time we have to call a
method on an object. Part of OOP.
Posttest loop: is a loop in which the condition is checked after the block code is executed at
least once. Example: do-while loop. Part of loops
Pretest loop: is a loop in which the condition is checked before the block code is executed.
Example: for loop. Part of loops.
Prewritten function: a function that’s already included in a programming language’s library.
Example: java.util.Scanner. Part of a class.
Program: Sequence of instructions. Example: Google Chrome. Part of the software.
Programmer function: a function that the programmer creates to perform an specific action.
Example: int example(variable){…}. Part of a class.
Recursion: Is the repetition of a series of steps, that breaks a problem down into successive
smaller parts until it cannot longer do it . Example: sumR(int x){ if(x == 0){ return 0;
} else{ return x + sumR(x-1); } Part of OOP.
Sensation: A single electrical impulse of our senses. Example: a musical note. Part of Volition.
Steps to composition: There are three steps to composition: Step 1 - Define the Class . Step 2 -
Declare an instance of class. Step 3 - Use instance method/function with dot notation.
Example: public class DotNotationExample { public static void main(String[] args) { Part of a
class.
DotNotationTest dotNotationTest = new DotNotationTest();} } public class DotNotationTest {...}
Sub class(es): It’s a class with a few additional elements, and cannot exist by itself. Example:
(sub) class Blackberries. Part of inheritance.
Super-Class: It’s a class with common elements only, and can exist by itself. Example: (Super)
class fruit. Part of inheritance.
Symbol: Specific instruction within a single character. Example: “+” instruction of addition. Part
of code.
Two way recursion: Two way recursion there’s a call and a return value that gets passed
through another step in the procedure within the recursion. Example: myFactorial( int integer) {
if( integer == 1) { return 1; } else { return (integer *
(myFactorial(integer-1))); Part of OOP.
Variables: Data about characteristics of a thing. Example:”Class’ Enemy’ Variable: attack
damage” . Part of a class.
Volition: Creation of concepts from other concepts. Example: Concept of ‘food’ is formed from
concepts like ‘fruits’, ‘legumes’, ‘vegetables’. Part of knowledge.
While loop: It contains the three elements of a loop separate places, normally the number of
iterations is unknown and the user has to wait until the conditions is reached. Example: while i
<= 10
I++; Part of loops.