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ASSIGNMENT

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11 views8 pages

ASSIGNMENT

Uploaded by

Kenny
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COURSE LECTURER: PROF. O.C.

IZINYON

CVE: 823

STUDENT: ENGR. AKHABU REUBEN OSOLASE

MAT NO: PG2021-844819

DATE: 5TH JANUARY 2024


QUESTION 1
a. What is flow duration curve?

A flow duration curve is a graphical representation of the frequency and duration of


steam flow values over a specific period of time. It is commonly used in Hydrology and
water resource management to analyze and understand bodies by providing a
comprehensive view of flow variability flow duration curves are powerful tools for water
resource managers Hydrologists and Engineers working with water related projects and
studies.

List its area of application in Engineering Hydrology


1. In evaluating various dependable flows in the planning of water resources
engineering projects
2. Evaluating the characteristics of the Hydro-power potential of a river
3. In flood control studies
4. Designing the drainage system.
5. Computing the sediment load and dissolved solid load of a steam
6. Comparing the adjacent catchments with a view to extend the steam flow data.

b. The average monthly steam flow values in a river in Toro Bauchi State in Nigeria is
given as follows; 150, 200, 420, 400, 350, 290, 320, 230, 250, 210, 180 and 100 (m3/s)
prepare a flow duration curve for the river and answer the following questions.
1. What is the value of the 75% dependable flow?
2. What is the dependability of 300m3/s
3. Determine the firm power corresponding to 90% dependable flow.
Note: Assume 80% efficiency and 100m head available for hydropower generation.

Discharge 150 200 420 400 350 290 320 230 250 210 180 100
Percentage 8.33 16.6 25
7

DISCHARGE MONTHLY RANK PERCENTAGE M/N X 100


150 1 8.33
200 2 16.67
420 3 25
400 4 33.33
350 5 41.67
290 6 50
320 7 58.33
230 8 66.67
250 9 75
210 10 83.33
180 11 91.67
230 12 100
(1i)
Answers
1. The 75% value dependable flow is 250m3/s from the flow curve graph above

(1ii)
2. Now from the flow curve graph the dependability of 300m3/s is in between 350m3/s and
400m3/s
By interpolation;
350 - 41.67
300 - x
400 - 33.33

By interpolation
350−400 41.67−33.33
=
300−400 x−33.33

−50 8.34
=
−10 x−33.33
By cross multiplying
-50(x – 33.33) = - 8.34 x 10
-50x + 1666.5 = - 83.4
-50x = -83.4 – 1666.5
−50 x −1749.9
=
−50 −50
x = 34.998 %
x ≅ 35%. Dependability
so the value of the dependability of 300m3/s is 35%

(1iii)
To determine the firm power corresponding to 90% dependable flow.
Assuming; 80% - 100m head
90% - x
80x = 100 x 90
80 x 9000
= = 112.5m power head
80 80
QUESTION 2
A small sub-urban catchment in Kachia Local Government Area of Kaduna State has the
following data.
Area of water shed = 35km2 maximum length of mainstream = 2,200m Drop in elevation along
the mainstream = 2.5m the land use data of the watershed 1, given in the following table.

Land use/Land covered Area (%) Coefficient of run off


Single family residential 10 0.5
Sub-urban residential 10 0.4
Central Business District 20 0.7
Flats with sandy soil 30 0.1
Asphatic streets 10 0.9
Unimproved area 20 0.2
TOTAL 100
Determine the peak discharge value at the outlet of the catch meant for return periods of 5 years,
10 years, 25 years and 50 years
Solution
The 1Df relationship for the water shed is described by the equation
0.2
65 T
1= 0.95
(t +0.6)
When I = Intensity of rainfall in mm/hr, T = recurrence interval, t = duration of rainfall in hours
Determination of the 5 year peak discharge from watershed
N

∴ composite runoff coefficient (Cc) = ∑ C1 A1


I
A
N

(Cc) =
∑ C 1 A 1 = 0.5 x 10+0.4 x 10+0.7 x 20+0.1 x 30+0.9 x 10+0.2 x 10
I
10+ 10+20+30+10
A
(Cc) = 0.411
Time of concentration (tc) = 0.0195L0.77S-0.355
2.5
S= = 0.0011
2200
Tc = 0.0195 (2200)0.77 x (0.0011)-0.385 = 100.64mins
= 1.68 hrs

0.2 0.2
65 T 65 x(5)
I= 0.95 = I = = 40.989mm ≅ 40.99mm/hr
(t +0.6) (1.68+ 0.6)0.95

For 10 years discharge


0.2 0.2
65 T 65 x(10)
I= 0.95 = I = = 47.084mm/hr ≅ 47.08m/hr
(t +0.6) (1.68+ 0.6)0.95
CIA 0.411 x 47.08 x 90
Q= =
360 360
3
Q = 4.837m /s

For 25 years discharge


0.2 0.2
65 T 65 x(25)
I= 0.95 = I = = 56.55mm/hr ≅ 56.55mm/hr
(t +0.6) (1.68+ 0.6)0.95
CIA 0.411 x 56.55 x 90
Q= =
360 360
3
Q = 5.81m /s

For 50 years discharge


0.2 0.2
65 T 65 x(50)
I= 0.95 = I = = 64.96mm/hr ≅ 64.96mm/hr
(t +0.6) (1.68+ 0.6)0.95
CIA 0.411 x 64.96 x 90
Q= =
360 360
3
Q = 6.67m /s
QUESTION 3
A culvert is to be designed for a location called Zaki-biam along the Katsina Ala-Wakun
Expressway the annual maximum discharge data for the stream crossing the road at Zaki-biam
are available at a flow gauging station located close to the site where the culvert is proposed to
be constructed the data are summarized in the table below.

Year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Peak 14 17 23 27 9 6 8 10 19 12
flow(m3/s)

Determine the required design discharge with a frequency of 25 years assuming that the data
follows gumber distribution.
Year Peak flow (m3/s) mm m Ts 1/p
P=
n+1
1995 14 1 0.09 11.11
1996 17 2 0.18 5.56
1997 23 3 0.27 3.70
1998 27 4 0.36 2.78
1999 9 5 0.45 2.22
2000 6 6 0.54 1.85
2001 8 7 0.63 1.59
2002 10 8 0.72 1.39
2003 19 9 0.81 1.23
2004 12 10 0.90 1.11
TOTAL 32.54

( )
25
1
Qd = 1- 1− T = 25 years
T
T = 32.54

( )
25
1
Qd = 1- 1−
32.54
Qd = 1 – 0.458
Qd = 0.542m3/s

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