SLIDE 9

KATIPUNAN FLAGS

1. The first official flag of the Katipunan was created in 1892 by

Gregoria de Jesus, Andres Bonifacio's wife, with the help of
Benita Rodriguez. It was a simple red flag with the letters
"KK" in white, arranged horizontally in the center. The red
color symbolized the courage and willingness of the
Katipuneros to fight and shed their blood for freedom. This
flag was first used during the "First Cry of Nationhood" in
North Manila in August 1896.

2. Andres Bonifacio, known as the "Father of Katipunan," had a

personal flag with a white sun and many rays on a red
background. Below the sun were three white Ks arranged
horizontally. This flag was first displayed on August 23, 1896,
during the Cry of Pugad Lawin, where Katipuneros tore their
cedulas (poll tax certificates) to show their rebellion against
Spanish rule. The flag was later used in the Battle of San
Juan del Monte on August 30, 1896, the first major battle of
the Philippine Revolution. Bonifacio's camp, known as the
"Great Plebeian" ("Dakilang Anak Pawis"), also used this
flag.

3. General Mariano Llanera, who fought in Bulacan, Tarlac,

Pampanga, and Nueva Ecija, used a simple black flag with a
white K and a skull and crossbones. The black color came
from the hoods worn during secret initiation rites of first-
degree Katipuneros. This flag was used by General Mariano
Llanera of Cabiao, Nueva Ecija, known for being a brave and
reckless fighter. His favorite saying was, "Let us fight to the
 finish." The flag, resembling a pirate banner, was influenced
more by Freemasonry than traditional Katipunero symbols.
Andres Bonifacio humorously called it "Llanera's skull."

4. General Pio del Pilar of San Pedro de Makati, a trusted

general of Emilio Aguinaldo, used a red flag with a white
triangle on the left side. Each corner of the triangle had a
letter K, and in the middle was a rising sun with eight rays.
The rays represented the first eight provinces (Tarlac, Nueva
Ecija, Pampanga, Bulacan, Manila, Cavite, Laguna, and
Batangas) that rebelled against Spanish rule. This flag, called
Bandila ng Matagumpay (The Flag of the Victorious), was
first used on July 11, 1895, and became famous up to the
Pact of Biak-na-Bato.

5. During the revolution, the Magdiwang group of the Katipunan

in Cavite, led by General Santiago Alvarez, used a red flag
with a white K in the ancient Filipino script at the center of a
sun with eight rays. The eight rays symbolized the eight
provinces that supported the revolution. This flag was
adopted by General Emilio Aguinaldo for his Magdalo group
on August 30, 1896. Aguinaldo called for the Filipino people
to rally under this flag for liberty, equality, and fraternity. It
was widely used until December 30, 1897, when it was taken
down after a peace agreement with Spain. This flag was
blessed at Imus and became the first official banner of the
revolutionary forces.

6. The first official flag of General Emilio Aguinaldo's

revolutionary government was a red flag with a white sun of
eight rays, symbolizing the pursuit of liberty. Adopted on
 March 17, 1897, in Naic, Cavite, it was a modified version of
Aguinaldo's previous flag, now featuring a mythological sun
instead of the KKK symbol. This flag represented the broader
desire for Filipino independence, not just the goals of the
Katipunan. It was used during the revolution's intense
battles but only lasted until December 14-15, 1897, when the
Pact of Biak-na-Bato truce was signed with Spanish
authorities. This truce marked the end of the revolution's
first phase. Aguinaldo's flag influenced the design of the new
revolutionary government flag, the "Sun of Liberty."

7. The second phase of the Philippine Revolution (1898-1902)

focused on establishing the first Philippine republic. Emilio
Aguinaldo designed a new flag while in exile in Hong Kong.
Marcela Mariño Agoncillo, her daughter Lorenza, and Delfina
Herbosa de Natividad sewed the flag, called "The Sun and
the Stars," in five days. It was first displayed on June 12,
1898, during the declaration of independence from Spain.

● The flag's design included:

● A white triangle symbolizes equality.
● A blue stripe for peace, truth, and justice.
● A red stripe for patriotism and courage.
● An eight-rayed sun representing the first eight provinces to
revolt against Spain.
● Three stars symbolizing Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.

This flag was used until April 1, 1901, during the Philippine-
American War. There was an unwritten ban on the flag during US
military rule, but it was relaxed with the establishment of a civil
government. The Flag Law of 1907 banned the display of the
Philippine flag but was repealed in 1919, making October 30, 1919,
Flag Day. The flag was officially adopted with American red and
blue on March 26, 1920.

President Manuel Quezon issued an executive order in 1936

defining the flag's specifications. The flag was banned during the
Japanese occupation in World War II but was reinstated in 1943.
After the war, the 1936 version of the flag was used until 1981.

In 1981, President Ferdinand Marcos changed the blue to a lighter

shade, but this was reverted in 1986 after he left office. In 1998,
Republic Act No. 8491 established the current flag with a royal
blue stripe.
SLIDE 10 & 11
CELEBRATIONS

This is about how people honor GOMBURZA, three important

Filipino priests. They set up something called a Catafalque, which
is like a special structure covered in black cloth with torches at the
corners. They use it to remember and pray for GOMBURZA. They
also decorate it with wreaths made of a special plant to show
respect. People gather around it to pray for the priests and
promise to remember them.

Gomburza refers to three Filipino Catholic priests: Mariano Gómez,

José Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora. They were executed by the
Spanish colonial authorities on February 17, 1872, in Bagumbayan,
Philippines. The name "Gomburza" is a combination of their
surnames. The priests were charged with subversion because of
their involvement in the 1872 Cavite mutiny. They angered Spanish
authorities by advocating for equal rights for Filipino priests and
opposing Spanish friars. They also pushed for the secularization
of churches in the Philippines, leading to conflicts with the
Spanish religious authorities.

(The film tells the story of three priests who fought for the secularization
movement in the Philippines, which was started by Fr. Pedro Pelaez
(played by Piolo Pascual). They also advocated for the Filipinization of
the Church, promoting the rights and roles of Filipino clergy.)
SLIDE 12
Andres Bonifacio

- **Birth:** Born on November 30, 1863, in Tondo, Manila. His parents were
Santiago Bonifacio and Catalina de Castro. He grew up poor with three
brothers and two sisters.

- **Education and Work:** Bonifacio went to school but had to stop to

support his family after his parents died. Despite limited education, he was
skilled in writing and worked various jobs to make a living.

- **Marriages:** He married twice, first to a woman named Monica who died,

and later to Gregoria de Jesus. Their marriage was both Catholic and under
the Katipunan rites.

- **Founding of Katipunan:** Bonifacio founded the Katipunan, a secret

society fighting for Philippine independence from Spanish rule, in 1892.

- **Leadership and Actions:** He was a leader in the Katipunan, organizing

and leading members in their fight against Spanish oppression. He played a
crucial role in initiating the Philippine Revolution.

- **Insight and Legacy:** Despite limited education, Bonifacio had deep

insight into the need for armed conflict to achieve independence from Spain.
He is considered a national hero for his leadership and sacrifice in the fight for
Philippine freedom.
SLIDE 13
Emilio Jacinto

- **Birth:** Born on December 15, 1875, in Tondo, Manila, to Mariano Jacinto

and Josefa Dizon. He learned Spanish through street interactions.

- **Education and Katipunan:** Jacinto joined the Katipunan at a young age

and became an important member due to his intelligence and dedication.

- **Membership:** He was one of the youngest members of the Katipunan,

joining at the age of 18.

- **Role in Katipunan:** Known as the "Brains of the Katipunan," Jacinto was

valued for his intellect and strategic thinking.

- **Relationship with Bonifacio:** He was a close associate of Andres

Bonifacio, the founder of the Katipunan, and worked closely with him in the
fight for independence.

- **Contribution:** Jacinto contributed to the Katipunan's cause through his

writings and strategic planning, helping to rally support for the revolution.

- **Notable Works:** He authored several important documents and writings

for the Katipunan, inspiring others to join the fight for Philippine independence.