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documentation ch6

Uploaded by

omnia mohamed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Resting-State Functional Imaging of Neonatal Brain Image

Overview

Resting-State Functional MRI (rsfMRI) is employed to monitor neonatal brain connectivity during the
critical period of infancy, marked by rapid growth and functional maturation. This imaging modality is
pivotal for understanding the interactions and communication among different brain regions while the
infant is at rest.

Applications

1. Early Detection:

o rsfMRI helps identify brain injuries or abnormalities at an early stage, facilitating timely
intervention.

2. Developmental Insights:

o It provides a comprehensive understanding of how neonatal brain regions collaborate


during this crucial developmental phase.

Visualization

 Brain imaging is performed in three key planes:

o Coronal: A frontal view of the brain.

o Axial: A horizontal view of the brain.

o Sagittal: A side view of the brain.

Pre-Processing in rsfMRI

The preprocessing of rsfMRI data is crucial for ensuring accuracy and reliability in detecting brain
connectivity.

Steps:

1. Image Normalization:

o Adjusts image intensities to standardize data across different scans.

2. Resampling with Bilinear Interpolation:

o Enhances image resolution by resampling data points.

3. Denoising Algorithm:

o Reduces noise and artifacts for a clearer image.

4. Connected Component Analysis:

o Identifies distinct regions within the brain for detailed examination.


5. Filters:

o Applies spatial and temporal filters to improve data quality.

6. Skull Stripping:

o Removes non-brain tissues (e.g., skull) for focused analysis of brain structures.

Machine Learning & Deep Learning in rsfMRI Data Analysis

Role of Machine Learning (ML) & Deep Learning (DL)

1. Discovering Spatial Patterns:

o Identifies consistent patterns across different subjects and brain regions.

2. Neurological Disorder Analysis:

o Helps classify and analyze various brain disorders, including hereditary conditions and
abnormalities.

Applications:

 Identifying reproducible patterns for diagnosis.

 Enhancing understanding of connectivity disruptions in neurological diseases.

Supervised Learning in

Methods:

1. Linear Models:

o Examples: Ridge regression, LASSO regression, Elastic-Net regression, Logistic


regression.

2. Support Vector Machines (SVM):

o Includes linear and kernelized SVM for classification tasks.

3. Decision Trees:

o Advanced variants like Random Forest and Gradient Tree Boosting are used.

4. Deep Learning:

o Employs fully connected and convolutional networks to model complex patterns.


Unsupervised Learning in rsfMRI

Methods:

1. Clustering Techniques:

o Examples: K-means, Spectral Clustering, Hierarchical Clustering, Gaussian Mixture


Models.

2. Latent Models:

o Techniques like decomposition methods and Markov models for uncovering hidden
factors.

3. Non-Linear Models:

o Includes methods such as Local Linear Approximations and Autoencoders.

Applications:

 Detecting latent spatial factors in brain data.

 Grouping data points to reveal underlying structures in the brain.

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