SHS

Basic Calculus
Quarter 4: Week 4 - Module 12
Illustrating definite integral as the
limit of the Riemann sums

Basic Calculus
Basic Calculus
Module 12: illustrating definite integral as the limit of the Riemann sums.

First Edition, 2021

Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Gerardo L. Hoggang

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team

Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr., P II

Management Team:

Atty. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent

Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, PHD

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

German E. Flora, PHD, CID Chief

Virgilio C. Boado, PHD, EPS in Charge of LRMS

Erlinda M. Dela Peña, EDD, EPS in Charge of Mathematics

Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II

Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II
 TARGET

This module discusses the Riemann sums in relation to the area of regions
between a curve and the x-axis at certain interval. It illustrates how approximations
of the areas of the said regions are obtained by summing up a desired number of
rectangular partitions.

This module further expounds on the limit of Riemann sum as the definite
integral of a function at a given interval. The computation of the area using limits
however is tedious. One simple example is given to show the process and ensure that
the learners can easily follow. Learners however are encouraged to solve more
functions for mastery. Step by step procedure are explained in detail for the learner
to easily grasp and follow. Sufficient examples and illustrations are incorporated to
ensure learner comprehension. A summative examination is also provided to gauge
effectiveness of the module as a material for independent learning.

After finishing this module, you should be able to;

1. illustrate the definite integral as the limit of the of the Riemann

sums. (STEM_BC11 l-lV ab-1)

Subtasks
1. define Riemann sums
2. approximate the area of the region enclosed by the curve and the x-axis in the
Riemann sums
3. compare the approximate area of the region enclosed by the curve and the x-
axis in the Riemann sums using the left-end point, right-end point and the
midpoint
4. explain what happens to the approximate areas when the number of
rectangles n is increased
5. find the area of the curve using definite integral

Before going on, check how much you know about this topic. Answer
the pre-test in a separate sheet of paper.
Pre-test
Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer. Use a separate sheet for your
answers
1. What is the area of a rectangle with length a and width b?
A. a + b B. ab C. a2 D. b2

2. The notation ∑3𝑖=1 𝒂 can be expressed as

A. a + a + a B. a3 C. 3a + 3a + 3a D. 3(a+1).
2
3. What is the value of lim ?
𝑛→∞ 𝑛

A. 2 B. 2n C. 1 D. 0
3
4. What is the value of lim (5 +
𝑛→∞ 𝑛
)?
A. 5 B. 6 C. 8 D. 15
𝒏 𝟑
5. Consider the rule, ∑ 𝒄 = 𝒄𝒏 , what is ∑𝒃 ?
𝒊=𝟏 𝒊=𝟏
A. 3b B. 5b C. 6b D. 9b
6. What is the width of the interval [1, 5]?
A. 6 B. 5 C. 4 D. 3
7. What is the width of the interval [-1, 5]?
A. 6 B. 5 C. 4 D. 3
8. The interval [ 0, 5] is divided into 4 equal parts. What is the width of each
part?
A. 1.25 B. 1.2 C. 1.0 D. 0.25
9. The interval [1, 5] is divided into 4 equal parts, what are the right end
points of the subintervals?
A. 2, 3, 4, 5 B. 1,2, 3, 4 C. 0, 1, 2, 3 D. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

10. The interval [ 0, 6] is divided into 3 equal parts. What are the left end
points of the subintervals?
A. 0, 1, 2 B. 0, 2, 4 C. 2, 4, 6 D. 1, 3, 5
11. What is the midpoint of the of the interval [1, 5]?
A. 2 B. 2.5 C. 3 D. 3.5
12. The expanded form 𝑛(𝑛 + 1) is

A. 2𝑛 + 𝑛 B. 2𝑛 + 2 C. 𝑛 + 2 D. 𝑛2 + 𝑛 .
13. What is the expanded form of (𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1)?

A. 2𝑛2 + 3𝑛 + 1 B. 2𝑛2 + 3𝑛 + 1 C. 3𝑛2 + 2𝑛 + 1 D. 𝑛2 + 3𝑛 + 2

14. The respective upper and lower bounds of the definite integral
2𝜋
∫𝜋 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 are
A. π, 2π B. 2π, π C. π, π/2 D. π/2, π

15. The interval [1, 5] is divided into n subintervals. What is the width of
each subinterval?
A. 6/n B. 5/n C. 4/n D. 4n

JUMPSTART
Tilling Areas with Strips

Prepare rectangular strips of paper 1 inch wide and 4 inches long. Use these
strips to cover the described regions. The strips should not overlap but they may
be cut to smaller parts. Count the exact number of strips you need to cover the
figure. The areas may be cut from a board paper precisely following the specified
dimensions.

Area 1. a rectangle 3 by 12 inches.

3 in

12 in
Area 2. a 4 by 9 in parallelogram.

4in

9 in
Area 3. a 4 by 7 in right triangle.

8in
4in
 Area 4. A Corner Area bounded by a 4 in square and a 4 in quarter circle.

4in

4 in

DISCOVER

Riemann sum (named after Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann) approximates

the area as the sum of the areas of the rectangular partitions of the region.

What is the area under the curve f(x) at [a, b]?

There are three ways to approximate the area in the Riemann sums.

Fig 1a Fig 1b Fig 1c

The left end point or the Left Riemann sums, Fig 1a, shows the rectangles
are under the curve. The sum of the areas of the rectangles is an under
approximation of the area of the region. The right end point or the Right Riemann
sums, Fig 1b, shows the rectangles are above the curve thus the sum of the areas
of these rectangles is an over approximation of the area of the region. The third
is the midpoint, Fig 1c, where the curve passes through the midpoint of the upper
side of the rectangles. The sum of the areas of these rectangles results to a value
closest to the true area of the region.
 Consider the function𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏, find the Reiman sums using Left and
Right endpoints where n = 5 or five rectangles in the interval x = 0 to x =1.

Fig 2a Left end points : Fig 2b Right end points:

(0,0.2, 0.4, 0.6,0.8) (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1)

Fig 2c Midpoints(0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9)

To approximate the area of the region enclosed by the curve and the x-axis from
𝑏−𝑎
x = 0 to x = 1, find the width of each rectangle using Δx = , where a = 0, b = 1
𝑛
1−0
and n = 5 rectangles. The width of each rectangle is Δx = = 0.2. For the Left
5

Riemann sum, the height of rectangles are the y- values at x left endpoints. The
height of the first rectangle from left is 𝑓(0) = 02 + 1 = 1, The height of the second
rectangle from left is 𝑓(0.2) = (0.2)2 + 1 = 1.04 while that of the third is 𝑓(0.4) =
(0.4)2 + 1 = 1.16 , the fourth 𝑓(0.6) = (0.6)2 + 1 = 1.36 and the fifth 𝑓(0.8) = (0.8)2 +
1 = 1.64. The area of the region is the sum of the areas of the rectangles denoted as

A=0.2𝑓(0) + 0.2𝑓(0.2) + 0.2𝑓(0.4) + 0.2𝑓(0.6) + 0.2𝑓(0.8)

 A=0.2(1) + 0.2(1.04) + 0.2(1.16) + 0.2(1.36) + 0.2(1.64)

A= 0.2 + 0.208 + 0.232 + 0.272 + 0.328 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟒

For the approximate area using the right endpoints and the midpoints, the areas are
computed similarly with the left endpoints.

Height of Height of Area of the

Right end Area of the
the Midpoints the rectangle
points rectangle
rectangle rectangle
X=0.2 𝑓(. 2) = 1.04 0.208 X = 0.1 𝑓(0.1) = 1.01 0.201

X=0.4 𝑓(. 4) = 1.16 0.232 X = 0.3 𝑓(0.3) = 1.09 0.218

X=0.6 𝑓(. 6) = 1.32 0.272 X = 0.5 𝑓(0.5) = 1.25 0.225

X=0.8 𝑓(. 8) = 1.64 0.328 X = 0.7 𝑓(0.7) = 1.49 0.298

X=1 𝑓(1) = 2 0.4 X = 0.9 𝑓(0.9) = 1.81 0.362

Total Area 1.422 Total Area 1.304

Limit of the Riemann sums

From activity one, we safely deduce that as the number of rectangles
increases to infinitesimally, the sum of their areas of the rectangles
approaches the exact area under the curve at the interval [a, b].
The fundamental theorem of Calculus states that the area under the curve
is the definite integral of the continuous function f over the interval [𝑎, 𝑏].
Thus the formula for the area under the curve as the Limit of the
Riemann sums is:
𝒏
𝒃
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 = ∫ 𝒇(𝒙) 𝐝𝐱 = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 ∑ 𝒇(𝒙𝒊 ) ∆𝒙
𝒂 𝒏→∞
𝒊=𝟏

𝒃−𝒂
Where; ∆𝒙 = as width of the rectangles
𝒏

and 𝒙𝒊 = 𝒂 + ∆𝒙 ∙ 𝒊 as the height that varies from one

rectangle of another
Example 1
Find the area under curve 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟒 − 𝒙𝟐 from 𝑥 = 1 𝑡𝑜 𝑥 = 2.
Step Determine lower bound a and
1 upper bound b of the interval
[a,b] a=1 b=2

2 Determine the width of the 𝑏−𝑎 2−1 𝟏

rectangles by dividing the ∆𝒙 = 𝑛 . = 𝑛 = 𝒏
interval by n
3 Find 𝑥𝑖 which is the x value of 𝒙𝒊 = 𝑎 + ∆𝑥 ∙ 𝑖
the ith rectangle 𝑥𝑖 = 1 + ∆𝑥 ∙ 𝑖
𝑛
4 Substitute the values in the
area formula: Area = lim ∑ 𝑓 (1 + ∆𝑥 ∙ 𝑖) ∆𝑥
𝑛→∞
Area = lim ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑓(𝑥𝑖 ) ∆𝑥 𝑖=1
𝑛→∞
𝑛
5 Evaluate the function
Area = lim ∑(4 − (1 + ∆𝑥 ∙ 𝑖)2 )∆𝑥
𝑓 (1 + ∆𝑥 ∙ 𝑖) = 4 − (1 + ∆𝑥 ∙ 𝑖)2 𝑛→∞
𝑖=1
𝑛
6 Replace ∆𝑥 𝑖 2 1
Area = lim ∑(4 − (1 + ) )
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 𝑛
𝑖=1

1 𝑛
7 Move the factor 𝑛
before the 1 2𝑖 𝑖 2
Area = lim ∑ 4 − (1 + + 2 )
sigma and expand the binomial 𝑛→∞ 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝑖=1
𝑛
8 Ungroup the terms 1 2𝑖 𝑖 2
Area = lim ∑ 4 − 1 − − 2
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝑖=1
𝑛
9 Combine like terms 1 2𝑖 𝑖 2
Area = lim ∑(3 − − 2 )
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝑖=1
 10 Apply the summation formula 1 2𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1)
A = lim (3𝑛 − − )
for a constant c, 𝑖 and 𝑖 2 and 𝑛→∞ 𝑛 2𝑛 6𝑛2
simplify 1 (𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1)
A = lim (3𝑛 − 𝑛 − 1 − )
𝑛 𝑛→∞ 𝑛 6𝑛
∑ 𝑐 = 𝒄𝒏
𝑖=1
1 2𝑛2 + 3𝑛 + 1
A = lim (3𝑛 − 𝑛 − 1 − )
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 6𝑛
𝑛
𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
∑𝑖 = 1 𝑛 1 1
2 A = lim (3𝑛 − 𝑛 − 1 − − − )
𝑖=1 𝑛→∞ 𝑛 3 2 6𝑛
𝑛
𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1) 1 5𝑛 5 1
∑ 𝑖2 = A = lim ( − − )
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 3
6 2 6𝑛
𝑖=1
5 5 1
A = lim ( − − 2)
𝑛→∞ 3 2𝑛 6𝑛
11 Solve the limit A = 5/3 square units

Expressing definite integrals as limit of Riemann sum

How do we express a definite integral to a limit of the Riemann sum?
𝒙𝟐
Example 1. Consider the region under 𝒇(𝒙) =
𝟑
from 𝒙 = 𝟏 𝒕𝒐 𝒙 = 𝟔.

𝒙𝟐
The area is the integral of 𝒇(𝒙) =
𝟑
from 𝒙 = 𝟏 𝒕𝒐 𝒙 = 𝟔 which is denoted as

6 𝑥2
∫1 ( 3 ) 𝑑𝑥 . The lower bound is a=1 and the upper bound is b = 6. We first
𝑏−𝑎
determine ∆𝒙 = . Plug in the lower and upper boundaries in the formula
𝑛
6−1 𝟓
to get ∆𝒙 = = 𝒏. In the formula
𝑛
𝑛
𝑏
∫ 𝑓(𝑥) dx = lim ∑ ∆𝑥𝑓(𝑥𝑖 )
𝑎 𝑛→∞
𝑖=1
𝟓𝒊
We determine 𝑥𝑖 = 𝑎 + ∆𝑥 ∙ 𝑖. Plug in the values we have 𝑥𝑖 = 1 + .
𝒏

Now we can write the integral as a limit

𝑛
6
𝑥2 𝟓 𝟓𝒊
∫ ( ) dx = lim ∑ . 𝑓(1 + )
1 3 𝑛→∞ 𝒏 𝒏
𝑖=1

𝑛 𝟓𝒊 2
𝑥 6 2
𝟓 (1 + 𝒏 )
∫ ( − 1) dx = lim ∑ . ( )
1 3 𝑛→∞ 𝒏 3
𝑖=1
 𝑛
6
𝑥2 𝟓 𝟓𝒊 2
∫ ( − 1) dx = lim ∑ (1 + )
1 3 𝑛→∞ 3𝒏 𝒏
𝑖=1
𝑛
6
𝑥2 𝟓 𝟓𝒊 2
∫ ( − 1) dx = lim ∑ (1 + )
1 3 𝑛→∞ 3𝒏 𝒏
𝑖=1

Example 2. Consider the definite integral.

2𝜋
∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
The interval in consideration is 𝒙 = 𝜋 𝒕𝒐 𝒙 = 𝟐𝜋 so the
𝑏−𝑎 2𝜋−𝜋 𝝅
∆𝒙 = = = 𝒏.
𝑛 𝑛

We determine 𝑥𝑖 = 𝑎 + ∆𝑥 ∙ 𝑖. Plug in the values

𝜋𝒊
we have 𝑥𝑖 = 𝜋 + 𝒏
𝑛
2𝜋
∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥) dx = lim ∑ ∆𝑥𝑓(𝑥𝑖 )
𝜋 𝑛→∞
𝑖=1
𝑛
2𝜋
𝝅 𝜋𝒊
∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥) dx = lim ∑ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝜋 + )
𝜋 𝑛→∞ 𝒏 𝒏
𝑖=1

The exact area of the function𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏 is can be determined by definite

𝑏
integral 𝐴 = ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 .

Using the formula, we find the exact area of the region.

𝟏 𝒙𝟑 𝟏 𝟏𝟑 𝟎𝟑
𝑨 = ∫𝟎 (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏)𝒅𝒙 = ( 𝟑 + 𝒙)| = ( 𝟑 + 𝟏) − ( 𝟑 + 𝟎) = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟑 square units.
𝟎
Comparing the areas obtained in the Riemann sums, the Left endpoints resulted in
an under approximation, the right endpoints an over approximation while the
midpoint gives the closest value. Now what happens when the number of rectangles
is increased? When the number of rectangles increase, the closer is the
approximation to the exact value.
 EXPLORE

Activity 1.
“Rectangles pa More”

What happens to the approximate areas when the number of rectangles n is

increased? Consider the same function in the previous discussion which is

𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏. Increase the number of rectangles n to 8. Determine the width of the

𝒃−𝒂
rectangles using and then determine the left and right endpoints.
𝒏

𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏

A. Find the area of the rectangles and complete the table.

Left end Height of the Area of the Right end Height of the Area of the
points rectangle rectangle points rectangle rectangle

0 1 .125 1.02

.125 1.02 .25 1.06

.25 1.06 .375 1.14

.375 1.14 .5 1.25

.5 1.25 .625 1.39

.625 1.39 .75 1.56

.75 1.56 .875 1.77

.875 1.77 1 2

Total Area Total Area

B. Compare the approximate areas when the number of rectangles is increased

from 5 to 8. How do they compare?
C. Use the table to answer the following questions:
 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏 Area Area Actual Area
(n=5) (n = 8)
Left endpoint 𝟏. 𝟐𝟒 1.28
𝟏. 𝟑𝟑
Right endpoint 1.422 1.40
The table shows the area under 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏 from x = 0 to x = 1
1. How much closer are the approximate areas get to the exact value when the
number of rectangles is increased from 5 to 8?
2. When will the approximate value be equal to the exact value?

DEEPENING

Activity 2.
“Bring it to the Limit One More time”

Problem 1.
𝒙𝟐
Find the area under the curve 𝒇(𝒙) = from 𝒙 = 𝟐 𝒕𝒐 𝒙 = 𝟔 using the limit of
𝟓
the Riemann sum.

Problem 2.
Express the given definite integrals as limit of Riemann sum

5 3𝜋
𝑥2
1. ∫ 𝑑𝑥 2. ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
1 3 𝜋

GAUGE

Directions: Answer the following items. Go back to the examples and the discussions
whenever necessary. Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet
of paper

1. It is an approximate area of a region, obtained by adding up the areas of

multiple simplified slices of the region.
A. Riemann sum B. summation notation
C. definite integral D. sum of a series
2. What polygon is used in the Riemann sum?
A. rectangle B. rhombus C. trapezoid D. triangle
3
3. What is the lim (5 +
𝑛→∞ 𝑛+1
)?
A. 5 B. 6 C. 8 D. 15
2
4. Evaluate lim .
𝑛→∞ 2𝑛+1

A. 2 B. 2n C. 1 D. 0

5. If ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑐 = 𝑐𝑛, what is ∑2𝑖=1 3?

A. 3 B. 5 C. 6 D. 15

For no. 6- 10, consider the area under 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏, from 𝒙 = 𝟎 𝒕𝒐 𝒙 = 𝟒. To find the
Riemann sums, the region is partitioned into 4 rectangles.
6. What are the end points of the Left - handed Riemann sum?
A. 0, 1, 2, 3 B. 1, 2, 3, 4, C. 0.5, 1.5 , 2.5, 3.5 D. 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5

7. What are the end points of the Right - handed Riemann sum?
A. 0, 1, 2, 3 B. 1, 2, 3, 4, C. 0.5, 1.5 , 2.5, 3.5 D. 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5
8. What are the end points of the Midpoint Riemann sum?
A. 0, 1, 2, 3 B. 1, 2, 3, 4, C. 0.5, 1.5 , 2.5, 3.5 D. 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5
9. What the approximate area of the region using the end points of the
Left - handed Riemann sum?
A. 18 B. 24 C. 25.33 D. 34

10. What the approximate area of the region using the end points of the
Right- handed Riemann sum?
A. 18 B. 24 C. 25.33 D. 34

11. What the approximate area of the region using the end points of the
Midpoint Riemann sum?
A. 18 B. 24 C. 25.33 D. 34
3
12. Given the integral ∫1 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥, find the width 𝑥𝑖 = 𝑎 + ∆𝑥 • 𝑖 and
𝑏−𝑎
∆𝑥 = .
𝑛

2𝑖 2𝑖 𝑖 2𝑖
A. 1+ B. 2 + C. 2 + D.
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
 3
13. Express the given integral ∫1 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 as the limit of Riemann sum.

3 𝑛 3 𝑛
𝟐 2𝑖 𝟏 2𝑖
𝐴. ∫ 2𝑥 dx = lim ∑ (1 + ) 𝐵. ∫ 2𝑥 dx = lim ∑ (1 + )
1 𝑛→∞ 𝒏 𝑛 1 𝑛→∞ 𝟐𝒏 𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑖=1

3 𝑛 3 𝑛
𝟐 𝑖 𝟐 𝑖
𝐶. ∫ 2𝑥 dx = lim ∑ (1 + ) 𝐷. ∫ 2𝑥 dx = lim ∑ (1 + )
1 𝑛→∞ 𝒏 𝑛 1 𝑛→∞ 𝒏 2𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑖=1

3
14. What is the slope of the line tangent to ∫0 √𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ?

3 𝑛 3 𝑛
𝟏 3𝑖 𝟏 𝑖
𝐴. ∫ √𝑥 dx = lim ∑√ 𝐵. ∫ √𝑥 dx = lim ∑√
0 𝑛→∞ 𝒏 𝑛 0 𝑛→∞ 𝒏 𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑖=1

3 𝑛 3 𝑛
3𝑖 𝟑 𝟐 2𝑖
𝐶. ∫ √𝑥 dx = lim ∑ √ 𝐷. ∫ √𝑥 dx = lim ∑√
0 𝑛→∞ 𝒏 𝑛 0 𝑛→∞ 𝒏 𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑖=1

𝜋
15. What is the slope of the line tangent to ∫𝜋/2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥?

𝜋 𝑛
𝝅 𝜋 𝜋𝒊
𝐴. ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 dx = lim ∑ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( + )
𝜋/2 𝑛→∞ 𝟐𝒏 𝟐 𝒏
𝑖=1

𝜋 𝑛
𝝅 𝜋 𝜋𝒊
𝐵. ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 dx = lim ∑ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( + )
𝜋/2 𝑛→∞ 𝟐𝒏 𝒏 𝟐𝒏
𝑖=1

𝜋 𝑛
𝝅 𝜋 𝜋𝒊
𝐶. ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 dx = lim ∑ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( + )
𝜋/2 𝑛→∞ 𝟐𝒏 𝟐 𝟐𝒏
𝑖=1

𝜋 𝑛
𝝅 𝜋 𝜋𝒊
𝐷. ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 dx = lim ∑ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( + )
𝜋/2 𝑛→∞ 𝒏 𝟐 𝟐𝒏
𝑖=1
Key answers

Pre-test

1. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. A 10.B 11.C 12. D 13. A 14. B 15.C

Jumpstart

1. 9 2. 9 3. 4 4. between ½ and 1

EXPLORE DEEPEN GAUGE

ACTIVITY 1 ACTIVITY 2 1. A
“Rectangles pa More” “Bring it to the Limit One more time”
Area Left Area Right Problem 1. 2. A
end point end point 4 4𝑖
∆𝑥 = ; 𝑥𝑖 = 2 +
𝑛 𝑛 3. A
𝑛
1. 1. 4 4𝑖 2 4. D
0.125 0.128 𝐴 = lim ∑ (2 + )
𝑛→∞ 5𝑛 𝑛
𝑖=1
𝑛
2. 2. 16 4𝑖 4𝑖 2 5. C
0.128 0.133 𝐴 = lim ∑1 + + 2
𝑛→∞ 5𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝑖=1
3. 3. 16 4𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 6. A
𝐴 = lim (𝑛 +
0.133 0.143 𝑛→∞ 5𝑛 2𝑛
4𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1)
+ )
6𝑛2
4. 4. 48 64 64 32 7. B
𝐴 = lim ( + + + )
0.143 0.156 𝑛→∞ 5 15 5𝑛 15𝑛2
5. 5. 48 64 208 𝟏𝟑 8. C
𝐴= + = = 𝟏𝟑
0.156 0.174 5 15 15 𝟏𝟓
6. 6. 9. A
0.174 0.195 10. D
11. B
7. 7. Problem 2a 12. A
𝒏
0.195 0.221 𝟔 𝟐
𝒙 𝟒 𝟒𝒊 𝟐
∫ (𝒅𝒙) = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 ∑ (𝟏 + ) 13. A
𝟏 𝟑 𝒏→∞ 𝟑𝒏 𝒏
𝒊=𝟏
8. 8. Problem 2b 14. C
𝒏
0.221 0.25 𝟐𝝅
𝝅 𝝅𝒊
Total Total ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙(𝒅𝒙) = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 ∑ 𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝝅 + ) 15. C
𝝅 𝒏→∞ 𝒏 𝒏
1.28 1.40 𝒊=𝟏
References
Printed Materials
Mercado, J P, (2016). Basic Calculus. Quezon City, Manila: Pheonix
Publishing House, INC.

Khan Academy. (n.d.). Differential Calculus. Retrieved from:

https://www.khanacademy.org/math/differential-calculus/dc-
context-app

Angenent, S. (2009). Math 221: 1st semester calculus lectures notes version
2.0. [pdf]. Retrieved from
http://www.math.wisc.edu/~angenent/Free-Lecture-Notes

Website

Nykamp DQ, “Calculating the area under a curve using Riemann sums.” From Math
Insight. http://mathinsight.org/calculating_area_under_curve_riemann_sums .
Retrieved February 5, 2021

Riemann Sums - Midpoint, Left & Right Endpoints, Area, Definite Integral,
Sigma Notation, Calculus Nov 3, 2016. Retrieved February 5, 2021

Weisstein, Eric W. "Riemann Sum." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web

Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/RiemannSum.html © 1999-
2021 Wolfram Research, Inc. Retrieved February 5, 2021