1.(a) Derive the Eulere criteal © Loaol of a to with ene end fired and the other end is te 7 veshraunect against volation but «free to translate y): ant . p e : a Ih —y ro . Mo P eres Tp i * Equating the external saoment tp the eternal «moment | at a section of distance x frome ; origin ; we have , Ex y+ Py > Mo We ey . Mo. _@ + 3K 0 TPO! es vohue , Ke. sh te general dolutton | for the above eqn yoAsinks 4 Buskx + Me -@ Be Tice KA coke +EK sta —@« Boun dasy conden. !- Shhh 9 HO, igh? B: -\Mo hen ,° P ~ At x0, 44-0 ax -then , A=0 , B Valuer an eqn @ , we get Subsite + yo ~ Me cockx + Mo P P °F He [ a > war xk, 44 Lo i An BL ce eaeeet 3 = [icsin ke] 0 2) Sinkl +0 2) kL SLA pt 2 >) Roe TW (aKa eB Le * 62, >) Mee 4g ef pe“H(i Deteamine the orepling. oak op colina) — ats one end fixed and -the_~—oother = end hanged by wing digher adler, aPferenttal equation . bu : mo VP | : <<< Me. Sg ES ne ey! Hao B TP Cixed - Hinged colunan - + This column tg hinged at base anol lipper end A satall lateral —oleflectton 4 uoene Mo at the freed endl , ancl forces 4 magn itacle “ at cach endl ya he fixed at gives suse 10 shear “Auber.. equating the toternal moment? ond external U9 a at a section a stance % from the base , deads to 9, - Mort cL y"+ Py + "pkey 2 Moe . —O Tyee €f Lv \ ‘whow, RDP i isten” ' Differentiating eqn O boive wot %) fv Keys 8 @ o the general solution — for the above eqn, & yea sink + Qeskn + Gut yy ~ @ dy ef = Ko eke - keg Sinke +0 —@ (shop enn) ea | fy i + oy 2 yl KG, Sinkx — Rly et kx -@ (lament om) dx |e Bound. condittors : | “6 a | ~ At x20, Y=0 then, @>0 y } Bak x20 YOdhen, tty 20 2 Cy= 0 adr teh, YrO then , Gshkl + GL =o -© At teh, yz ean , He ics K Geese - + oo “0 . @ Multiply an Qs with Land, ybtrack fom e@, @xu 4 Kile, eoskl + teh =O KL G c6KL~ G SInKL >0 | >») G (xt coske - sink2) =0 2 G0, KL coskKl—- sinkL = 0 2) KL ke = Anke » Kb 2 tank froma ; ha. fie, above , KL> UU ral [ Yon Utd : ws ; S KL = at i RDP. aod ; a ; P Stops av et i Ry = 80-262Q:(a) Determine the eriticat toad for % celui Of L- section , if the eoluuin enc = ate simply deeppcted such that =the ends? aotate but cannot ciple about Y and Z- avs. hiather the ends one, free tudinal Xk-ani bur Canret opt rotate about tong! tudl | Krai wap Sol? r TY foaeh LL esl: eCoxe-D! Gp the coluun end are shaply duppotted ~~» auch that the, only an aptate eat cannot deflect abut Y and Z- aves. : o Equating the internal. Moment and extesnal Moment, at wo Aeon distance x from aEdy" + Py =° 4" + ry 20 = @ where Wee eS v the general lution for the = above eg js, yo Cy sin Kx + Gy cotkx -© ay RC CK HE K Cy ben Ky) @® ax, a ditions ! Boundary con . at x0 , fa>? then 7 Cg =O ~ At te, 47° then, Sinkt =0 SiINnKL =O kl 7 ee. 0 Ne sta és \4 + (ae B: The Coluuna’: ent ate. few, t0 warp but cannot atate = bout Jongitudinad Rane Cnternal = moment and external ° equating the Minin a ie ene pacientes te fre bee toads 40, Edy! e Py - 0 4" + ey >0 -0° whne Kr 2P ) — es *The — generat pluton sor above en 4, j 4 Ye Sink + by LOK % — @ a ; < = KO the x Key dinkx =~ Q. Bgenidary wrieu rons Yo dyed R210, Ye Faby Cpe" ont “Janey vO2 (b) A column. of rectangular eress~ section, Minged at the encs 4 actecl upon by an actol tow =P. uaa the’ ‘double - eoeluslues theowy , vecluce an expressh, for the — butting “toact- Sol + Consider the lint shown én fig (a) ‘The final "” clefoonrect P ; con figuiction % the Membey ce xeatheal a4 “plying an asdat "| force to. “the Initlatly Sraight column, leling te Te {o) the force increase ent tt teaches the eritteal Load, and then Leith ¥ : , while | ng the “Meaber — bench lightly | pthe arial force Aemaing- constant. | ba words “the — behav'our 4 eolusin / o- 1-2 tn fig Cb) - eee Ce ee bye | «Te arial shew, %y = fe pict ie press a bering begin saben 40 be above prope - -tral = dinit of the = Materint = fig CC) awDusing §— encung , were oxen a tmall increase’ tn the hegs on the concave tide andl oo light decrease on” the convex aide. y wolituin o the final typical cross. section op bent on & coliuen Shes citi bution HAL any pe in fe, the total consists 4 Unifor” axtat sre (oer) sank va vaulable . bend Stress Lngicle face = “y Stes rg 3) . fig. * he deformation corresponeting 2 the 4beps — dishibukon fA le: moolulus ‘EF salation — 6p when Mba undowols Hence bonding & shown — tn k—at alusoups streus, 40 * the — elastie fovens the Arran ts Shon Strain - € (co) in fg) Outside p..- decrease in sey 0; on towed a Tas | Bidet. 5, Aeereate tn a to Aclated corruponaing drain & given by ,~ ops Ee + oO © On the concave — aide, bending tooKen causes an Intron to the: «total = trem = and. velatton 4 bending dra oe. 5 Oto he corresponding Abrain, .. b& «. % . gorwned . by ! h doporidatt cl the: eriteat tangent mModilus. since ‘one beyond : inprnitesi bonding Shrewes are Vel Small oad — Infinitesidally small, bene. “4 ae oy pompouudl — AO Ep, then E oy 2H © ushore = slope FF _ brew. ~ snap cure ak o2%y: ‘ . ‘ a y tute 4 len... Af ie Fru fig ce), the ema BOE AE the bending craig = Ee docoted ak 4 GZ . | distanis fron NA cue , © eee on ag say vdaned gb } gi in as a Es ~Ly o , os } aft * firen & stains —y +ve when eompreniver..\, 8 . ny VOR E> +ve whin meaguud to vgn it rie “costs ny Grtries: etme ag yk selon: ss : Gen yt ] ‘ i 0) & = Zy"Gt Conou non Leprmennn yw enn «Dr has been “usunied “the axial “heal “remains” rematns constant dusing bencling. the vedultant gy ithe teralle and seyieey shrews due +0 bendling puma vanity. o& se) ta Tab + fog dk > 0 - &4 o 5 : « From 0,848, 8 becomes , afuin 64 ay "Fate 0 —@6© 2 Let , q op he 3 Qs fuaa , Oe faa, |- ® 0 b.* : WE «thn @ fe fee ce In. the for, EQ + EG = -@ + ‘this eqn ue uted «to defeamtine “the docation of the neutral «= aks. » Sine & 46, Uth 20, and NA doen't coincide wlth — Lentroidal axe for Inelaah’e benching . +The — seuond —condlliton equilibrium ta that — bending heer atance the, ektemnally applied oment ‘by. "yCy Oo ( orean + [es zydn oy =o -@ ® ° isn 0, 6,0; a bewnes , (Efren s | Jaca) enjee -(9 oO > Let a cia a » - a Be [yPdn & 5,7 [ty aA -@ then bewme , y"(Es, +&4,).+ yee “.. . : i ey ‘notation , a By eoboduting ie yd & - Yrakh. =: 2 fan (9 becomes , &rSy"4 Puzo -() Dole Key -0 . @ Eyt «the generat — glutton for the = aboveYe Cy fin ky + Cg Kr x : Boundary voutitions : oa At 2&0, 4°? shen p29 oe Ae eet, Ye, then, = 4 tinkyL = 0 =) ginkyL =0-. 9 2 Keb 2 oe 7 >) Kydes 1” ke -£5) 3. (a) Explain the — varlous vetueds » avallable for analycing Atability problene ard wages the relahve Bprrerils - fos The techniques — for goertng auteonaive ‘conga MR be broadly classified a uae | one dynandic - + Guth, Methods = ok. use. the Equilibsium (éuler) approach , eneryy agproah and shaperfection a ppritdee phe oe called — static © the method! eating the vibrato approach as ferme ob dyna * seach Matin’ as HS advantage and dsaclvertages. | Pro per method u 40 be dtedbed for analysing . Stability , ‘ Dt For any Kind 6p Beuckaing oy Stability analysis, we reed ty tra the free body dnguaas oy the aefonusel structure « ‘hen write the — equatttlon o static ~ equilbriua: inthe —~hepeviuedl ~“pmiltbie Gin, akite he onevgy equation 4 the | deporte state Thit 4 central to. the -fpie a sips No Stability anabysis tan. be nue y me fee 4 a ue the eanalfernued bate ¢ €ovinsewm — -AppRoACH!~ the Equilibrium — approach cali with the equilibaiune conpigutation by a perfect. Aster. ) > Ft Methool 1s appropriate for detertuining the erittcal buuckting toa fora. pepect dysteae © dubjetted 4p Loadlt3 Ths us alto known ct Bifutcation method —aumal éuler. uiethed. , and consis — gy uliting « \~the — equetKen % équilibyiune — aq and solving ir ‘0 detevwuine the onset bf buckling . “5 Mesits — t dendentls The deformations émall - ‘ Vat} ih > he systent pau not have: hapesfections. ot tannot — ‘provide any enporuation regascling “the post —eckling oad diferriation PHP ohn Energy Appeoatet)- : te eng approah poinciple in taedhainics whieh “employs — an energy eritew‘on and is chaacteried by the tondion my equ brane are asucrlly ausurecl fo, be based en an cele, , tn an elastic = syst eat - > te energy critesion can be wkecl = #0 corlve at criti” Joad oe, whiten, the Aatponte OF ms op. ceages to be tn. hale equilibriurs . ~~ Te energy approach isthe best when establishing she equilibrium equation anol ekanuinng MK stability. 9 Tix conslns waiting she equakbn expressing “the