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What Is A Computer?

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34 views22 pages

What Is A Computer?

Uploaded by

singhgauravvns18
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is a computer?

A computer is an electronic device that


manipulates information, or data. It has the ability
to store, and process data. You may already know
that you can use a computer to type
documents, send email, play games, and browse
the Web. You can also use it to edit or
create spreadsheets, presentations, and
even videos.
Hardware vs software

• Hardware is any part of your computer that has


a physical structure, such as the keyboard or
mouse. It also includes all of the computer's
internal parts.

• Software is any set of instructions that tells the


hardware what to do and how to do it. Examples of
software include web browsers, games, and word
processors.

• Everything you do on your computer will rely on


both hardware and software.
What are the People hear the word computer, they think of
a personal computer such as a desktop or laptop.
different types of However, computers come in many shapes and sizes,
and they perform many different functions in our
computers? daily lives. When you withdraw cash from an ATM,
scan groceries at the store, or use a calculator, you're
using a type of computer.
Types of
computers

Desktop
Laptop
Server
Tablet
Classification of Computers

• Micro computer : A computer, sometimes referred to as a


personal computer (PC), is a type of computer that runs on a
smaller scale
• Mini computers : Mini computer are also know as “Midrange
Computer”. They are not designed for a single user. They are
multi-user computers designed to support multiple users
simultaneously. So they are generally used by small businesses
and firms.
• Mainframe Computer : It is also a multi-user computer capable
of supporting thousand of users simultaneously. They are used
by large firms and government organization to run their
business operations as they can store and process large
amounts of data.
• Super Computer : It is a type of computer which has highest
processing speed storage capacity, used in weather forecasting,
Research purpose.
CPU PARTS
Processors

• Definition: The processor is a chip or a logical circuit that responds and processes the basic
instructions to drive a particular computer.
• The ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) and CU (Control Unit) are the two parts of the processors.
• Processors are invented by Marcian Hoff (28th October 1937 in New York).
• Some of the processor manufacturer companies are Intel, AMD, Qualcomm, Motorola,
Samsung, IBM, etc.
• The processors are small size chips made by silicon that are placed inside the devices to
perform the task or operation within seconds and its speed is measured in terms of megahertz.
• Processors are used in mobile phones, laptops, computers, washing machines, etc
• L1 and L2cache memory. Their inclusion in the CPU saves time compared to having to get
data from random access memory (RAM).
• Some computers will operate using a multi-core processor—a chip containing more than one
CPU.
• The size of data objects became larger; allowing more transistors on a chip
allowed word sizes to increase from 4- and 8-bit words up to today's 64-bit words.
• Processor speed measure in megahertz and gigahertz, or MHz and GHz.(Clock Frequency)
Processors

Old Processors Present Processors Mobile Processors


ROM

• ROM, which stands for read only memory,


is a memory device or storage medium
that stores information permanently.
• The manufacturer of ROM fills the
programs into the ROM at the time of
manufacturing the ROM.
• Non-Volatile Memory: ROM is a non-
volatile memory type; thus, it keeps its
data even when the power is switched off.
• Features :- Permanent Storage, Firmware
Storage, Booting and Initialization
• EPROM/EROM :- Erasable programmable read-only
memory, is a type of programmable read-only
memory (PROM) chip that retains its data when its power
supply is switched off.
• EEPROM :- Electrically erasable programmable read-only
memory is a user-modifiable ROM. It can be erased and
reprogrammed (written to) repeatedly by applying an
electrical voltage that is higher than normal.
Ram
RAM (which stands for Random Access Memory), which is the
temporary storage in your computer that gives applications a place
to store and access data on a short-term basis.
RAM speed is measured in Megahertz (MHz), millions of cycles per
second so that it can be compared to your processor's clock speed

Types of RAM
DRAM is widely used as a computer’s main memory. Each DRAM memory cell is made up
of a transistor and a capacitor within an integrated circuit, and a data bit is stored in the
capacitor

SRAM is made up of four to six transistors. It keeps data in the memory as long as power is
supplied to the system unlike DRAM, which has to be refreshed periodically. As such,
SRAM is faster but also more expensive, making DRAM the more prevalent memory in
computer systems.
DDR SDRAM :- Double Data Rate Synchronous
Dynamic Random Access Memory

DDR 1

DDR 2

DDR 3

DDR 4
HDD (Hard Disk Drive) /
SSD (Solid State Drive)

Secondary CD (Compact Disc) / DVD


Storage (Digital Versatile Disc)

USB Flash Drive


HDD

• A hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk, hard


drive, or fixed disk, is an electro-
mechanical data storage device that stores
and retrieves digital data using magnetic
storage with one or more rigid rapidly
rotating platters coated with magnetic
material.
• The platters are paired with magnetic
heads, usually arranged on a
moving actuator arm, which read and write
data to the platter surfaces.
SSD

• Solid-state drive (SSD) is a solid-state storage device that uses integrated circuit assemblies to
store data persistently, typically using flash memory, and functions as secondary storage in
the hierarchy of computer storage. It is also sometimes called a semiconductor storage device
• SSDs store data in semiconductor cells
• Cells can contain between 1 and 4 bits of data.
• SSD storage devices vary in their properties according to the number of bits stored in each cell, with
single-bit cells "Single Level Cells" or "SLC" being generally the most reliable, durable, fast, and
expensive type, compared with 2- and 3-bit cells "Multi-Level Cells/MLC" and "Triple-Level
Cells/TLC", and finally, quad-bit cells "QLC" being used for consumer devices that do not require
such extreme properties and are the cheapest per gigabyte (GB) of the four.
Sata SSD M.2 Sata SSD M.2 nVME PCI SSD
Mother Board

Motherboard called mainboard, main circuit


board, backplane board, base board, system
board . Mother Board is the main printed circuit
board (PCB) in general-purpose computers and
other expandable systems. It holds and allows
communication between many of the crucial
electronic components of a system, such as
the central processing unit (CPU) and memory
and provides connectors for other peripherals.
Unlike a backplane, a motherboard usually
contains significant sub-systems, such as the
central processor, the chipset's input/output and
memory controllers, interface connectors, and
other components integrated for general use.

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