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Lab3

Subnetting file

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Mohamed Mostafa elnahas
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7 views

Lab3

Subnetting file

Uploaded by

Mohamed Mostafa elnahas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Advanced Computer

Network
Lab 3: Subnetting

© Fall 2024 - Eng. Mohamed Mostafa


What is Subnetting?

• Process of dividing a network


into smaller, manageable
sub-networks.

• Optimizes network utilization


and improves security.

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Why Subnetting?

• Reduces congestion.

• Reduces Broadcast

• Improves network management.

• Enhances security by segmenting

networks.

• Easy trouble shooting


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Private IP Address Ranges (IPv4)

Class IP Range Subnet Mask Max Network Max Host

A 10.0.0.0 – 255.0.0.0 (/8) 1 2563 − 2


10.255.255.255

B 172.16.0.0 – 16 2562 − 2
255.240.0.0 (/12)
172.31.255.255

C 256 256 − 2
192.168.0.0 –
255.255.0.0 (/16)
192.168.255.255

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Subnetting Steps

1. Choose which class used based on


number of networks and number of
hosts
2. 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 = 2𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑠
3. 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠 = 2𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑠 − 2

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Example

Given:
Network: 192.168.1.0/24
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 (default for /24)
Task:
Divide this network into 4 subnets.

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Step 1 - Determine the Number of Bits to Borrow

• How many subnets do we need?


We need 4 subnets.
• Formula:
To find the number of borrowed bits, use:
2𝑛 ≥ 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑠
Where 𝑛 is the number of bits borrowed from the host portion.
• Calculation:
22 = 4 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑠
Borrow 2 bits from the host portion.

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Step 2 - Calculate the New Subnet Mask

• Original Subnet Mask:


255.255.255.0 𝑜𝑟 /24.
• Borrow 2 bits:
New subnet mask: /26 (255.255.255.192).
• New Subnet Mask:
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192
CIDR Notation: /26
Number of Networks: 4
Hosts per Network: 62 (26 − 2 = 62 𝑢𝑠𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 ℎ𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠).

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Step 3 - Subnet the Network

Network 1 Network 2 Network 3 Network 4

Network ID 192.168.1.0/26 192.168.1.64/26 192.168.1.128/26 192.168.1.192/26

First Valid IP 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.65 192.168.1.129 192.168.1.193

Last Valid IP 192.168.1.62 192.168.1.126 192.168.1.190 192.168.1.254

Broadcast IP 192.168.1.63 192.168.1.127 192.168.1.191 192.168.1.255

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Thanks

© Fall 2024 - Eng. Mohamed Mostafa

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