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Physics Class 12 Experiment No.7

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80 views2 pages

Physics Class 12 Experiment No.7

Uploaded by

vajom66527
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Experiment No.

AIM - To determine angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a graph between angle of incidence 𝑖
and the angle of deviation 𝛿.
APPARATUS- Drawing board, a white sheet of paper, a prism, four drawing pins, pencil, half metre scale, office pins,
graph paper and a protector.
THEORY -Angle of prism -the angle between the two refracting surfaces, is called the angle of prism.
Angle of deviation – the angle through which a ray of light turns away from its original path on passing through a prism,
is called angle of deviation .The least value of angle of deviation is known as the angle of minimum deviation.
The refractive index of the material of the prism is given by
A +δ m
sin
2
μ=
A
sin
2

Where 𝛿𝑚 = angle of minimum deviation

A = angle of the prism.

Ray Diagram-

Procedure-

i. White sheet of paper is fixed on a drawing board with the help of drawing pins.
ii. A straight line XY parallel to the length of the paper is drawn nearly in the middle of the paper.
iii. Three points Q1, Q2, Q3 are marked at suitable distances on the straight line XY.
iv. And the normal is drawn at these points.
v. Straight lines making angles of 35° , 40° , 45° and so on, with the normal drawn at each of these points.
vi. The prism angle A is measured with the help of protector and noted.
vii. Now prism is kept over the line with its edge over it so that normal lies at the centre of its edge.
viii. Two or more pins are fixed vertically over the line making an angle 350 with the normal.
ix. The distance between the pin should be 5 cm or more. The images of these pins are observed through the prism
and the positions of heads so adjusted that there is no parallax between the two pins.
x. Keeping head position fixed two more pins are placed so that all 4 pins seems to be in same line.
xi. Incident ray and emergent Ray are marked and the angle between them is measured which gives the angle of
deviation.
xii. Same procedure is repeated for other angles and angle of deviation is determined. All the observations are
recorded in observation table.
Observation Table –

S.No. Angle of incidence ∠𝑖 Angle of deviation ∠δ


1 30° 44°
2 35° 41°
3 40° 39°
4 45 ° 37°
5 50° 38°

GRAPH : (to be drawn and pasted on the left side white sheet of observation table ,below is a sample graph )

CALCULATIONS:

A=60°

δ m= 37°

Using the formula

A +δ m
sin
2
μ=
A
sin
2

μ=1.49

RESULT : Graph indicates that as the angle of incidence (𝑖) increases, the angle of deviation (𝛿) first decreases
and attains a minimum value and then starts increasing for further increase in the angle of incidence .

Angle of minimum deviation 𝛿𝑚 = 37°

Refractive index of the material of the prism µ = 1.49

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