CLOUD COMPUTING

CLOUD COMPUTING DEFINITION, ROOTS OF CLOUD COMPUTING,

LAYERS AND TYPES OF CLOUDS, DESIRED FEATURES OF A CLOUD,

CLOUD INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT,

INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE PROVIDERS,
PLATFORM AS A SERVICE PROVIDERS, CHALLENGES AND RISKS
 WHAT IS CLOUD?

• The term Cloud refers to a Network or Internet.

• In other words, we can say that Cloud is something,
which is present at remote location.
• Cloud can provide services over public and private
networks, i.e., WAN, LAN or VPN.
• Applications such as e-mail, web conferencing,
customer relationship management (CRM) execute
on cloud.
 WHAT IS CLOUD COMPUTING?

• The Cloud Computing refers to manipulating,

configuring, and accessing the hardware and
software resources remotely.

• It offers online data storage, infrastructure, and

application.

• Cloud computing offers platform

independency, as the software is not required to
be installed locally on the PC. Hence, the Cloud
Computing is making our business
applications mobile and collaborative.
 Evolutionary Description Key Technologies and Characteristics
Stage
Distributed Multiple independent systems presented as one entity to Scalability, concurrency, continuous availability,
Systems users for resource sharing. heterogeneity, and fault independence.
Mainframe Powerful and reliable computing machines introduced in the High fault tolerance, minimal downtime, expensive, suitable
Computing 1950s. Used for massive data processing. for bulk processing tasks.
Cluster Computing Emerged in the 1980s as a cost-effective alternative to Cost-effective, scalable, suitable for high computations, easy
mainframes. Multiple machines connected via a high- addition of new nodes.
bandwidth network.
Grid Computing Introduced in the 1990s, connects geographically dispersed Overcame geographical restrictions but faced bandwidth and
systems via the internet. Involves heterogeneous nodes. network issues.
Virtualization Creation of a virtual layer over hardware to run multiple Basis for cloud computing, used by services like Amazon
instances simultaneously. EC2, VMware vCloud, and Hyper-V.
Web 2.0 An interface enabling dynamic, interactive web pages. Supports interactive and user-generated content, key for
Gained popularity in the mid-2000s. social media platforms like Google Maps, Facebook, and
Twitter.
Service A reference model supporting low-cost, flexible, and Quality of Service (QoS) and Software as a Service (SaaS)
Orientation evolvable applications. Introduces QoS and SaaS. concepts introduced, promoting service-based architecture.
Utility Computing Service provisioning techniques for compute, storage, Enables on-demand resource allocation, and efficient
infrastructure, etc., on a pay-per-use basis. resource management.
Cloud Computing Modern paradigm that delivers on-demand computing Offers IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS, provides scalability, cost-
resources over the internet. efficiency, and flexibility for various applications and
services.
FEATURES OF CLOUD COMPUTING
1. Resources Pooling

It means that the Cloud provider pulled the computing resources to provide services to multiple
customers with the help of a multi-tenant model. There are different physical and virtual resources
assigned and reassigned which depends on the demand of the customer.

The customer generally has no control or information over the location of the provided resources but
is able to specify location at a higher level of abstraction

2. On-Demand Self-Service

It is one of the important and valuable features of Cloud Computing as the user can continuously
monitor the server uptime, capabilities, and allotted network storage. With this feature, the user can
also monitor the computing capabilities.
FEATURES OF CLOUD COMPUTING
3. Easy Maintenance
The servers are easily maintained, and the downtime is very low and even in some cases, there is no
downtime. Cloud Computing comes up with an update every time by gradually making it better.
The updates are more compatible with the devices and perform faster than older ones along with the
bugs which are fixed.
4. Large Network Access
The user can access the data of the cloud or upload the data to the cloud from anywhere just with the
help of a device and an internet connection. These capabilities are available all over the network and
accessed with the help of internet.
5. Availability
The capabilities of the Cloud can be modified as per the use and can be extended a lot. It analyzes the
storage usage and allows the user to buy extra Cloud storage if needed for a very small amount.
FEATURES OF CLOUD COMPUTING
6. Automatic System
Cloud computing automatically analyzes the data needed and supports a metering capability at some
level of services. We can monitor, control, and report the usage. It will provide transparency for the
host as well as the customer.
7. Economical
It is the one-time investment as the company (host) has to buy the storage and a small part of it can be
provided to the many companies which save the host from monthly or yearly costs. Only the amount
which is spent is on the basic maintenance and a few more expenses which are very less.
8. Security
Cloud Security, is one of the best features of cloud computing. It creates a snapshot of the data
stored so that the data may not get lost even if one of the servers gets damaged.
The data is stored within the storage devices, which cannot be hacked and utilized by any other
person. The storage service is quick and reliable.
FEATURES OF CLOUD COMPUTING
9. Pay as you go
In cloud computing, the user has to pay only for the service or the space they have utilized. There is
no hidden or extra charge which is to be paid. The service is economical and most of the time some
space is allotted for free.
10. Measured Service
Cloud Computing resources used to monitor and the company uses it for recording. This resource
utilization is analyzed by supporting charge-per-use capabilities.
This means that the resource usages which can be either virtual server instances that are running in
the cloud are getting monitored measured and reported by the service provider. The model pay as you
go is variable based on actual consumption of the manufacturing organization.
Essential Cloud Computing component
• Cloud computing solution is made up of several elements and these elements make up the three
components of a cloud computing solution.

a) Clients: Devices that end users interact with to manage their information on cloud.

b) The data center: The software can be installed allowing multiple instances of virtual
servers to be used. There can be half a dozen virtual servers running on one physical server.

c) Distributed servers: The distributed servers are in geographically disparate locations. They
give the service provider more flexibility in options and security. For instance, Amazon has
their cloud solution in servers all over the world
Cloud Computing advantages
1. Cost savings: One of the main benefits of cloud computing is that it can help reduce costs. For
example, businesses no longer need to invest in expensive on-premises hardware and software.
Instead, they can access cloud-based applications and services on a pay-as-you-go basis.

2. Scalability: Cloud computing is highly scalable. This means that businesses can easily scale up or
down their usage of cloud-based resources as their needs change.

3. Flexibility: Another benefit of cloud computing is that it offers greater flexibility than traditional
on-premises IT infrastructure. For example, businesses can quickly provision new resources as
they need them and can also easily release them when they no longer need them.

4. Improved security: Cloud computing can offer improved security compared to traditional on-
premises IT infrastructure. This is because cloud providers have expertise in security and can offer
a variety of security features, such as data encryption and intrusion detection.
Cloud Computing advantages
5. Enhanced collaboration: Cloud computing can help improve collaboration among employees. For
example, they can share files and documents more easily and can access applications and services
from anywhere.

6. Increased productivity: Cloud computing can help employees be more productive. For example,
they can access cloud-based applications and services from anywhere and can use them on any
device.

7. Disaster recovery: Cloud computing can help businesses recover from disasters more quickly. This
is because they can use cloud-based backup and disaster recovery services.

8. Environmental benefits: Cloud computing can help businesses reduce their carbon footprint. This is
because cloud providers use energy-efficient data centers and use renewable energy to power their
operations.
Cloud Computing advantages
10. Improved customer experience: Cloud computing can help businesses improve the customer
experience. This is because they can use cloud-based applications and services to provide a
better experience to customers.

11. Resources Pooling : It means that the Cloud provider pulled the computing resources to
provide services to multiple customers with the help of a multi-tenant model. There are different
physical and virtual resources assigned and reassigned which depends on the demand of the
customer.

12. On-Demand Self-Service: It is one of the important and valuable features of Cloud Computing
as the user can continuously monitor the server uptime, capabilities, and allotted network
storage. With this feature, the user can also monitor the computing capabilities.
Cloud Computing advantages
13. Easy Maintenance: The servers are easily maintained, and the downtime is very low and even
in some cases, there is no downtime. Cloud Computing comes up with an update every time by
gradually making it better. The updates are more compatible with the devices and perform faster
than older ones along with the bugs which are fixed.

14. Large Network Access : The user can access the data of the cloud or upload the data to the
cloud from anywhere just with the help of a device and an internet connection. These capabilities
are available all over the network and accessed with the help of internet.

15. Availability: The capabilities of the Cloud can be modified as per the use and can be extended a
lot. It analyzes the storage usage and allows the user to buy extra Cloud storage if needed for a
very small amount.

16. Automatic System: Cloud computing automatically analyzes the data needed and supports a
metering capability at some level of services. We can monitor, control, and report the usage. It
will provide transparency for the host as well as the customer.
ROOTS OF CLOUD COMPUTING
 ROOT 1: INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES
• It includes a service-oriented architecture, Web 2.0, and also web services.
• Internet technologies are commonly accessible to the public. People access content and run applications
that depend on network connections.
• Cloud computing relies on centralized storage, networks, and bandwidth. However, the Internet is not a
network - it is highly multiplexed and centralized management.
• Therefore, anyone can host several websites anywhere in the world. Because of network servers, a lot of
websites can be created.
• Service-Oriented Architecture is a self-contained module designed for business functions.
• It is provided for authentication services business management and event logging, and also saves us a lot of
paperwork and time.
• Web services such as XML and HTTP provide web delivery services by common mechanisms. It is a
universal concept of web service globally.
• Web 2.0 services are more convenient for users, and they do not need to know much about programming
and coding concepts to work.
• Information technology companies provide services in which people can access the services on a platform.
• Predefined templates and blocks make it easy to work with, and they can work together via a centralized
cloud computing system.
• Examples of Web 2.0 services are hosted services such as Google Maps, micro-blogging sites such as
Twitter, and social sites such as Facebook.
 THE ROOT 2: DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING

• It includes the grid, utility computing, and cluster.

• To understand it more easily, here's an example, a computer is a storage area, that saves
documents in the form of files or pictures.
• Each document stored in a computer has some specific location, on a hard disk or stored on
the Internet.
• When someone visits the website on the Internet, that person browses by downloading the
files.
• Users can access files at a location after processing; it can send the file back to the server.
• So, it is known as the distributed computing of the cloud. People can access it from anywhere
overseas.
• All resources in memory space, processor speed, and hard disk space are used with the help
of the route.
• The company using the technology never faces any problem and will always compete with
other companies too.
 THE ROOT 3: HARDWARE
• It includes multi-core chips and virtualization.
• When we talk about the hardware, it is virtual cloud computing and people do not need it
anymore.
• Computers require hardware like Random access memory, CPU, Read Only Memory, and
motherboard to store, process, analyze, and manage the data and information.
• There are no hardware devices because in cloud computing all the apps are managed by the
internet.
• If you are using a huge amount of data, it becomes so difficult for your computer to manage the
continuous increase in data.
• The cloud stores the data on its computer slightly than the computer that holds the data.
• Virtualization allows people to access the resources from virtual machines in cloud computing. It
makes it cheaper for customers to use the cloud services.
• Furthermore, in the Service Level Agreement-based cloud computing model, each customer gets
a virtual machine called a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC).
• The single cloud computing platform distributes the hardware, software, and operating systems.
 THE ROOT 4: SYSTEM MANAGEMENT
• It contains autonomous cloud and data center automation.
• System management handles operations to improve the productivity and efficiency of the root system.
• To achieve this, the system management ensures that all the employees have easy access to the
necessary data and information.
• Employees can change the configuration, receive/retransmit information, and perform other related
tasks from any location.
• It makes for the system administrator to respond to any user demand. In addition, the administrator
can restrict or deny access for different users.
• In the autonomous system, the administrator task becomes easier as the system is autonomous or
self-managing. Additionally, data analysis is controlled by sensors.
• System responses perform many functions such as optimization, configuration, and protection based
on the data.
• Therefore, human involvement is low here, but here the computing system handles most of the work.
TYPES OF CLOUD
LAYERED ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUD
 APPLICATION LAYER
1. The application layer, which is at the top of the stack, is where the actual cloud apps are located.
Cloud applications, as opposed to traditional applications, can take advantage of the automatic-
scaling functionality to gain greater performance, availability, and lower operational costs.

2. This layer consists of different Cloud Services which are used by cloud users. Users can access
these applications according to their needs. Applications are divided into Execution
layers and Application layers.

3. In order for an application to transfer data, the application layer determines whether communication
partners are available. Whether enough cloud resources are accessible for the required
communication is decided at the application layer. Applications must cooperate in order to
communicate, and an application layer is in charge of this.

4. The application layer, in particular, is responsible for processing IP traffic handling protocols like
Telnet and FTP. Other examples of application layer systems include web browsers, SNMP
protocols, HTTP protocols, or HTTPS, which is HTTP’s successor protocol.
 PLATFORM LAYER
1. The operating system and application software make up this layer.

2. Users should be able to rely on the platform to provide them with Scalability, Dependability, and
Security Protection which gives users a space to create their apps, test operational processes, and
keep track of execution outcomes and performance. SaaS application implementation’s application
layer foundation.

3. The objective of this layer is to deploy applications directly on virtual machines.

4. Operating systems and application frameworks make up the platform layer, which is built on top of
the infrastructure layer. The platform layer’s goal is to lessen the difficulty of deploying
programmers directly into VM containers.

5. By way of illustration, Google App Engine functions at the platform layer to provide API support for
implementing storage, databases, and business logic of ordinary web apps.
 INFRASTRUCTURE LAYER
1. It is a layer of virtualization where physical resources are divided into a collection of virtual
resources using virtualization technologies like Xen, KVM, and VMware.
2. This layer serves as the Central Hub of the Cloud Environment, where resources are constantly
added utilizing a variety of virtualization techniques.
3. A base upon which to create the platform layer. constructed using the virtualized network, storage,
and computing resources. Give users the flexibility they want.
4. Automated resource provisioning is made possible by virtualization, which also improves
infrastructure management.
5. The infrastructure layer sometimes referred to as the virtualization layer, partitions the physical
resources using virtualization technologies like Xen, KVM, Hyper-V, and VMware to create a pool
of compute and storage resources.
6. The infrastructure layer is crucial to cloud computing since virtualization technologies are the only
ones that can provide many vital capabilities, like dynamic resource assignment.
 DATACENTER LAYER
1. In a cloud environment, this layer is responsible for Managing Physical Resources such as servers,
switches, routers, power supplies, and cooling systems.
2. Providing end users with services requires all resources to be available and managed in data centers.
3. Physical servers connect through high-speed devices such as routers and switches to the data center.
4. In software application designs, the division of business logic from the persistent data it manipulates
is well-established. This is due to the fact that the same data cannot be incorporated into a single
application because it can be used in numerous ways to support numerous use cases. The
requirement for this data to become a service has arisen with the introduction of microservices.
5. A single database used by many microservices creates a very close coupling. As a result, it is hard to
deploy new or emerging services separately if such services need database modifications that may
have an impact on other services. A data layer containing many databases, each serving a single
microservice or perhaps a few closely related microservices, is needed to break complex service
interdependencies.
 Why Cloud Computing Infrastructure
Cloud computing refers to providing on demand services to the customer anywhere and anytime
irrespective of everything where the cloud infrastructure represents the one who activates the complete
cloud computing system. Cloud infrastructure has more capabilities of providing the same services as
the physical infrastructure to the customers. It is available for private cloud, public cloud, and hybrid
cloud systems with low cost, greater flexibility and scalability.

Cloud infrastructure components :

Different components of cloud infrastructure supports the computing requirements of a cloud computing
model. Cloud infrastructure has number of key components but not limited to only server, software,
network and storage devices. Still cloud infrastructure is categorized into three parts in general i.e.
1.Computing
2.Networking
3.Storage

The most important point is that cloud infrastructure should have some basic infrastructural constraints
like transparency, scalability, security and intelligent monitoring etc.
The below figure represents components of cloud infrastructure
1. Hypervisor :
Hypervisor is a firmware or a low level program which is a key to enable virtualization. It is used to
divide and allocate cloud resources between several customers. As it monitors and manages cloud
services/resources that’s why hypervisor is called as VMM (Virtual Machine Monitor) or (Virtual
Machine Manager).
2. Management Software :
Management software helps in maintaining and configuring the infrastructure. Cloud management
software monitors and optimizes resources, data, applications and services.
3. Deployment Software :
Deployment software helps in deploying and integrating the application on the cloud. So, typically it
helps in building a virtual computing environment.
4. Network :
It is one of the key component of cloud infrastructure which is responsible for connecting cloud services over
the internet. For the transmission of data and resources externally and internally network is must required.

5. Server :
Server which represents the computing portion of the cloud infrastructure is responsible for managing
and delivering cloud services for various services and partners, maintaining security etc.

6. Storage :
Storage represents the storage facility which is provided to different organizations for storing and managing
data. It provides a facility of extracting another resource if one of the resource fails as it keeps many copies
of storage.

Along with this, virtualization is also considered as one of important component of cloud infrastructure.
Because it abstracts the available data storage and computing power away from the actual hardware and the
users interact with their cloud infrastructure through GUI (Graphical User Interface).
 Cloud infrastructure management
Cloud infrastructure management comprises the processes and tools needed to effectively allocate and deliver key
resources when and where they are required. The UI, or dashboard, is a good example of such a tool; it acts as a
control panel for provisioning, configuring and managing cloud infrastructure. Cloud infrastructure management is
useful in delivering cloud services to both:
•Internal users, such as developers or any other roles that consume cloud resources.
•External users, such as customers and business partners.
Challenges in Cloud Computing
Hosting and running the applications of the current cloud platform on some other platform may cause
support issues, configuration complexities, and additional expenses.
Service Quality: Service quality should be good and is a major concern of the end-user. The whole
ecosystem of cloud computing is presented in virtual environments and thus the CSP should give what is
promised in terms of service, be it compute resources or customer satisfaction.
Interoperability: CSP’s services should be flexible enough to integrate itself into other platforms and
services provided by other CSPs. The data pipeline should be easy to integrate and should drive improved
performance. There are a lot of challenges in cloud computing like Big data analysis, long hall transfer,
transferring data problems but still, it is the best computing resource available to date.
Availability and Reliability: Data and service from CSP should be available at all times irrespective of the
external condition or the ideal condition. Computing resources should be available for the users and their
operability should be reliable.
Challenges in Cloud Computing
Portability: If the users want to migrate from one CSP to others, the vendor should not lock-in customer
data or services and the migration should be ease. There are different laws over data in different countries.
Cloud Integration: Several companies, especially those with hybrid cloud environments report issues
associated with having their on-premise apps and tools and public cloud for working together. According to
survey, 62% of respondents said integration of legacy systems as their biggest challenge in multi-cloud.
Although, combining new cloud-based apps and legacy systems needs resources, expertise, and time but
still several companies are considering that the perks of cloud computing dominate the backlogs of this
technology.
Vendor Lock-in: Entering a cloud computing agreement is easier than leaving it. “Vendor lock-in”
happens when altering providers is either excessively expensive or just not possible. It could be that the
service is nonstandard or that there is no viable vendor substitute. It is important to guarantee the services
you involve are typical and transportable to other providers, and above all, understand the requirements.
When in need to migrate from one cloud platform to another, a company might face some serious
challenges because of the differences between vendor platforms.
Elasticity in Cloud Computing
Elasticity in Cloud Computing

• Elasticity in cloud computing refers to the ability of a cloud system to

automatically and dynamically scale computing resources up or down in
response to changes in workload or demand. It is one of the key characteristics
of cloud computing and is closely related to scalability but with an emphasis on
the automatic and on-demand nature of resource allocation.
• Here's a more detailed explanation of elasticity in the cloud:
• Automatic Scaling: Elasticity allows cloud resources to scale automatically based
on predefined policies or in response to real-time monitoring of system
performance. When a sudden increase in demand occurs, additional resources are
provisioned without manual intervention.
Elasticity in Cloud Computing
• Dynamic Resource Allocation: Cloud services can dynamically allocate and deallocate resources
such as virtual machines, storage, and network capacity as needed. This ensures that resources are
available when required and released when no longer needed, optimizing resource utilization and cost
efficiency.
• Cost Optimization: Elasticity helps control costs by provisioning resources only when they are
required and releasing them when demand decreases. This pay-as-you-go model can save
organizations money by preventing over-provisioning.
• Improved Performance: Elastic scaling ensures that applications and services can maintain optimal
performance even during traffic spikes. Additional resources are added to handle increased workloads,
preventing performance degradation or service disruptions.
• Load Balancing: Load balancers and auto-scaling groups are commonly used to distribute incoming
requests or tasks evenly across available resources. This helps prevent overloading of specific servers
or instances.
On-demand Provisioning in cloud computing
On-demand provisioning in cloud computing refers to the capability of instantly and automatically
allocating computing resources such as virtual servers, storage, and networking components
whenever they are needed by a user or application. This provisioning model is one of the
fundamental characteristics of cloud computing and is designed to provide flexibility and agility to
cloud users.
• Instant Resource Allocation: With on-demand provisioning, cloud users can request and receive
resources almost immediately, often within a few minutes or even seconds. This rapid allocation
contrasts with traditional IT environments, where obtaining and configuring hardware and software
can take days, weeks, or longer.
• Pay-as-You-Go Model: On-demand provisioning is typically associated with a pay-as-you-go or
pay-per-use billing model. Users are charged only for the resources they consume and the duration
for which they are used. This cost-effective approach allows organizations to avoid upfront capital
expenses and pay only for what they actually use.
• Scalability: On-demand provisioning is closely related to scalability. Cloud users can easily scale
their resources up or down based on their changing requirements. This flexibility is particularly
valuable during periods of increased demand or traffic spikes.
• Self-Service: Cloud providers offer self-service portals and APIs that enable users to request,
configure, and manage resources without the need for direct human intervention. Users can
provision resources at any time, day or night, without waiting for manual approval or support.
• Resource Variety: On-demand provisioning covers a wide range of computing resources,
including virtual machines, storage, databases, load balancers, and more. Users can select and
configure the specific resources they need for their applications.
Applications of Cloud Computing
Online Data Storage: Cloud computing allows storing data like files, images, audios, and
videos, etc. on the cloud storage. The organization need not set physical storage systems to
store a huge volume of business data which costs so high nowadays. As they are growing
technologically, data generation is also growing with respect to time, and storing that
becoming problem. In that situation, Cloud storage is providing this service to store and
access data any time as per requirement. Example: Google Drive, DropBox, iCloud etc.

Backup and Recovery: Cloud vendors provide security from their side by storing safe to
the data as well as providing a backup facility to the data. They offer various recovery
application for retrieving the lost data. In the traditional way, backup of data is a very
complex problem and also it is very difficult sometimes impossible to recover the lost data.
But cloud computing has made backup and recovery applications very easy where there is
no fear of running out of backup media or loss of data.
Applications of Cloud Computing
Bigdata Analysis: We know the volume of big data is so high, such that, storing that in the
traditional data management system for an organization is impossible. Cloud computing has resolved
that problem by allowing the organizations to store their large volume of data in cloud storage
without worrying about physical storage. Next comes analyzing the raw data and finding out insights
or useful information from it is a big challenge as it requires high-quality tools for data analytics.
Cloud computing provides the biggest facility to organizations in terms of storing and analyzing big
data.
Anti-Virus Applications: Previously, organizations were installing antivirus software within their
system even if we will see we personally also keep antivirus software in our system for safety from
outside cyber threats. But, nowadays, cloud computing provides cloud antivirus software which
means the software is stored in the cloud and monitors your system/organization’s system remotely.
This antivirus software identifies the security risks and fixes them. Sometimes also they give a
feature to download the software.
Applications of Cloud Computing
E-commerce Application: Cloud-based e-commerce allows responding quickly to the opportunities
which are emerging. Users respond quickly to the market opportunities as well as the traditional e-
commerce responds to the challenges quickly. Cloud-based e-commerce gives a new approach to
doing business with the minimum amount as well as minimum time possible. Customer data, product
data, and other operational systems are managed in cloud environments.

Cloud computing in Education: Cloud computing in the education sector brings an unbelievable
change in learning by providing e-learning, online distance learning platforms, and student
information portals to the students. It is a new trend in education that provides an attractive
environment for learning, teaching, experimenting, etc. to students, faculty members, and
researchers. Everyone associated with the field can connect to the cloud of their organization and
access data and information from there.
Applications of Cloud Computing
Technology-enhanced Learning or Education as a Service (EaaS):There are the following
education applications offered by the cloud- Example:
• Google Apps for Education: Google Apps for Education is the most widely used platform for
free web-based email, calendar, documents, and collaborative study.
• Chromebooks for Education: Chromebook for Education is one of the most important
Google's projects. It is designed for the purpose that it enhances education innovation.
• Tablets with Google Play for Education: It allows educators to quickly implement the latest
technology solutions into the classroom and make it available to their students.

Testing and development: Setting up the platform for development and finally performing different
types of testing to check the readiness of the product before delivery requires different types of IT
resources and infrastructure. But Cloud computing provides the easiest approach for development as
well as testing even if deployment by using their IT resources with minimal expenses. Organizations
find it more helpful as they got scalable and flexible cloud services for product development, testing,
and deployment
Applications of Cloud Computing
E-Governance Applications: Cloud computing can provide its services to multiple activities
conducted by the government. It can support the government to move from the traditional ways of
management and service providers to an advanced way of everything by expanding the availability of
the environment, making the environment more scalable and customized. It can help the government
to reduce the unnecessary cost in managing, installing, and upgrading applications and doing all these
with help of could computing and utilizing that money public service.

Cloud Computing in Medical Fields: In the medical field also nowadays cloud computing is used
for storing and accessing the data as it allows to store data and access it through the internet without
worrying about any physical setup. It facilitates easier access and distribution of information among
the various medical professional and the individual patients. Similarly, with help of cloud computing
offsite buildings and treatment facilities like labs, doctors making emergency house calls and
ambulances information, etc can be easily accessed and updated remotely instead of having to wait
until they can access a hospital computer.
Keywords
• Service Oriented Architecture (SOA): SOA is essentially a collection of services which
communicate with each other. SOA provides a loosely-integrated suite of services that can be used
within multiple business domains. Abstraction: Cloud computing abstracts the details of system
implementation from users and developers. Applications run on physical systems that aren't
specified, data is stored in locations that are unknown, administration of systems is outsourced to
others, and access by users is ubiquitous.
• Cloud: Cloud refers to a Network or Internet. A cloud is usually defined as a large group of
interconnected computers. These computers include network servers or personal computers.
• Cloud computing: Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on- demand
network access to a shared pool of configurable computer resources (networks, servers, storage,
applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management
effort or service provider interaction.
• Multitenancy: In cloud computing, multitenancy means that multiple customers of a cloud vendor
are using the same computing resources. Despite the fact that they share resources, cloud
customers aren't aware of each other, and their data is kept totally separate.
• Thick clients: Thick clients are regular computers, using a web browser like Firefox or Internet
Explorer to connect to the cloud.