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Slope

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39 views

Slope

Uploaded by

jinkakiran2020
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Slope

Sunday, 27 August 2023 2:19 PM

The steepness of a hill is called a slope. The same goes for the steepness of a line.
The slope of a line measures its steepness or its inclination; the larger the absolute value of the slope, the
steeper the line is.
Slope is also called gradient and is denoted by the letter m.

Example 1

Example 2: Calculate the steepness of the line if the x and y coordinate points are (12, 18) and (20, 28).

Solution
Step 1: First of all, write the given coordinate points of x and y.
X1 = 12, Y1 = 18, X2 = 20, Y2 = 28

Step 2: Take the general formula of the slope.


The slope of a line = m = 𝚫Y/𝚫X

Step 3: Now calculate the change in values of x and y.


For 𝚫X
𝚫X = X2 – X1
𝚫X = 20 – 12
𝚫X = 8
For 𝚫Y
𝚫Y = Y2 – Y1
𝚫Y = 28 – 18
𝚫Y = 10
𝚫X = 8
For 𝚫Y
𝚫Y = Y2 – Y1
𝚫Y = 28 – 18
𝚫Y = 10

Step 4: Now place the values of 𝚫X & 𝚫Y in the general expression of the slope.
Slope of a line = m = 𝚫Y/𝚫X
Slope of a line = m = 10/8 = 5/4 = 1.25

Slope - intercept form of a line

y=mx+c

The equation y = mx + c is the general equation of any straight line where m is the slope/gradient of the
line (how steep the line is) and c is the y-intercept (the point in which the line crosses the y-axis).
y=mx+c

The equation y = mx + c is the general equation of any straight line where m is the slope/gradient of the
line (how steep the line is) and c is the y-intercept (the point in which the line crosses the y-axis).

Example 1: Find the equation of a line in the form y = mx + c, having a slope of 3 units and an intercept of -5 units.
Solution:
Given the slope of the line, m = 3, and the y-intercept of the line, c = -5.
The slope-intercept form of the equation of a line is y = mx + c.
y = 3x - 5
Answer: Therefore the required equation of the line is y = 3x - 5.

Example 2: Convert the equation 5x + 4y = 12 into y = mx + c and find its y-intercept.


Solution:
The given equation of the line is 5x + 4y = 12. The aim is to convert this into slope intercept form.
5x + 4y = 12
4y = -5x + 12

−5𝑥 + 12
𝑦 =
4

5𝑥 12
𝑦 = − +
4 4

5𝑥
𝑦 = − + 3
4
!
Comparing this with the equation y = mx + c we have m = − ", and c = 3.
Answer: Therefore the y-intercept of the line is 3.

Points to be noted
1) Lines which are parallel to each other will have same slope. 𝑚# = 𝑚$

2) If two lines are perpendicular to each other, the product of their slopes is -1

𝑚# × 𝑚$ = −1
𝑚# × 𝑚$ = −1

Here the slopes of both the lines are equal

Here the product of slopes of the two lines is -1

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