y

e m
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c i n
A l v
in A y
lv y
A e m e m
d
y ad ca
em A
c A
c ad i n in
A l v l v
in A IGCSE y
A Past Year
lv m
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A
Logarithmic e and Exponential
de Functions
a d c a
c A
A n
i
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A
0606 Additional Mathematics Unit 07 Logarithmic and exponential functions

Mathematical Formulae

y
e m
1. ALGEBRA

ad
Quadratic Equation
c i n
For the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, A lv
in−b b 2 − 4 ac A y
v
x=
l 2a
y
A e m e m
Binomial Theorem
y d a d
m ( ) ( ) c ( ) Ac
n a n n

d e
(a + b)n = an + 1 an–1 b + 2 an–2 b2 + … + r an–r br + … + bn,
A
ca ( ) vin n
where n is a positive integer and r =
n!
v in
A l l
(n – r)!r!

i n A A
lv y y
A e m e m
2. TRIGONOMETRY

d a d
Identities
c a c
A A sin2 A + cos2 A = 1

i n sec2 A = 1 + tan2 A

lv cosec2 A = 1 + cot2 A

Formulae for ∆ABC

A
a b c
sin A = sin B = sin C

a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos A
1
∆= bc sin A
2

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0606 Additional Mathematics Unit 07 Logarithmic and exponential functions

0606/21/M/J/14 13

2 1
11 (a) Solve 2 x - 5x
= . [4]
64

y
e m
ad
c i n
A l v
in A y
l v y
A e m e m
d
y ad ca
em c
(b) By changing the base of log 2a 4 , express ^log 2a 4h^l + loga 2h as a single logarithm to base a. [4]

A A
c ad i n i n
A l v l v
in A A
lv y y
A e m e m
ca
d cad
A A
i n
l v
A

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0606 Additional Mathematics Unit 07 Logarithmic and exponential functions

0606/22/M/J/14 7

6 (a) (i) State the value of u for which lg u = 0 . [1]

y
(ii) Hence solve lg 2x + 3 = 0 .
e m [2]

ad
c i n
A l v
in A y
lv y
A e m e m
d
y ad ca
em A
c A
c ad i n i n
A v l v
(b) Express 2 log 3 15 - ^loga 5h^log 3 ah, where a > 1, as a single logarithm to base 3.
l
[4]

in A A
lv y y
A e m e m
ca
d cad
A A
i n
l v
A

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© UCLES 2014 0606/22/M/J/14 [Turn over
0606 Additional Mathematics Unit 07 Logarithmic and exponential functions

0606/23/M/J/14 4

2 Using the substitution u = log 3 x , solve, for x, the equation log 3 x - 12 log x 3 = 4 . [5]

y
e m
ad
c i n
A l v
in A y
lv y
A e m e m
d
y ad ca
em A
c A
c ad i n i n
A l v l v
in A A
lv y y
A e m e m
ca
d cad
A A
i n
lv
A

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© UCLES 2014 0606/23/M/J/14
0606 Additional Mathematics Unit 07 Logarithmic and exponential functions

0606/21/O/N/14

3 Solve the following simultaneous equations.

log2 (x + 3) = 2 + log2 y
y
em
log2 (x + y) = 3 [5]

ad
c i n
A l v
in A y
l v y
A e m e m
d
y ad ca
em A
c A
c ad i n i n
A l v l v
in A A
lv y y
A e m e m
ca
d cad
A A
i n
l v
A
© UCLES 2014 0606/21/O/N/14

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0606 Additional Mathematics Unit 07 Logarithmic and exponential functions

0606/21/O/N/14 6

5 The number of bacteria B in a culture, t days after the first observation, is given by

B = 500 + 400e 0.2t .

(i) Find the initial number present. y [1]

e m
ad
c i n
A lv
(ii) Find the number present after 10 days.
in A y [1]

l v y
A e m e m
d
y ad ca
em A
c A
c ad
(iii) Find the rate at which the bacteria are increasing after 10 days.

i n in
[2]

A l v lv
i n A A
lv y y
A e m e m
ca
d c ad
A A
i n
lv
A
(iv) Find the value of t when B = 10000 . [3]

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© UCLES 2014 0606/21/O/N/14
0606 Additional Mathematics Unit 07 Logarithmic and exponential functions

0606/13/O/N/14

7 Solve the equation 1 + 2 log 5 x = log5 ^18x - 9h. [5]

y
e m
ad
c i n
A l v
in A y
l v y
A e m e m
d
y ad ca
em A
c A
c ad i n i n
A l v l v
in A A
lv y y
A e m e m
ca
d cad
A A
i n
© UCLES 2014

l v 0606/13/O/N/14 [Turn over

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8
0606 Additional Mathematics Unit 07 Logarithmic and exponential functions

14
0606/22/F/M/15
10 (a) (i) Sketch the graph of y = e x - 5 on the axes below, showing the exact coordinates of any
points where the graph meets the coordinate axes. [3]

y
y
e m
ad
c i n
A l v
in A y
l v O
y x

A e m e m
d
y ad ca
em A
c A
c ad i n i n
A l l v
(ii) Find the range of values of k for which the equation e x - 5 = k has no solutions.
v [1]

in A A
lv y J1 N y
A m m
(b) Simplify log a 2 + log a 8 + log a K O , giving your answer in the form p log a 2 , where p is a
e L2P e
ad
constant. [2]
d
ca A
c
A n
v i
l
A

(c) Solve the equation log 3 x - log 9 4x = 1. [4]

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© UCLES 2015 0606/22/F/M/15
0606 Additional Mathematics Unit 07 Logarithmic and exponential functions

0606/22/M/J/15

1
6 (a) Solve 6x - 2 = . [2]
4

y
e m
ad
c i n
(b) Solve A
log a 2y 2 + log a 8 + loga 16y - loga 64y = 2 loga 4 . l v [4]

in A y
l v y
A e m e m
d
y ad ca
em A
c A
c ad i n in
A l v l v
in A A
lv y y
A e m e m
© UCLES 2015

ca
d cad
0606/22/M/J/15 [Turn over

A A
i n
lv
A

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0606 Additional Mathematics Unit 07 Logarithmic and exponential functions

0606/23/M/J/15 3

1 (a) Write log 27 x as a logarithm to base 3. [2]

y
e m
ad
c i n
A lv
in A y
lv y
em
(b) Given that log a y = 3 ^loga 15 - log a 3h + 1, express y in terms of a. [3]
A e m d
y ad c a
em A
c A
c ad i n i n
A l v l v
in A A
lv y y
A e m e m
ca
d c ad
A A
i n
l v
A

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11
© UCLES 2015 0606/23/M/J/15 [Turn over
0606 Additional Mathematics Unit 07 Logarithmic and exponential functions

0606/22/O/N/15

5 (b) Solvetheequation lg (3x - 2) + lg (x + 1) = 2 - lg 2 . [5]

y
e m
ad
c i n
A l v
in A y
l v y
A e m e m
d
y ad ca
em A
c A
c ad i n i n
A l v l v
in A A
lv y y
A e m e m
©UCLES2015

ca
d cad
0606/22/O/N/15 [Turn over

A A
i n
l v
A

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0606 Additional Mathematics Unit 07 Logarithmic and exponential functions

0606/23/O/N/15 8

6 Solve the following equation.

2
log2 (29x - 15) = 3 + [5]
log x 2
y
e m
ad
c i n
A l v
in A y
lv y
A e m e m
d
y ad ca
em A
c A
c ad i n in
A l v l v
in A A
lv y y
A e m e m
ca
d cad
A A
i n
l v
A

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13
© UCLES 2015 0606/23/O/N/15