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SET 1

ALL KERALA COMMON MODEL EXAMINATION

PHYSICS (042)
CLASS XII (2024-25)
TIME: 3 Hours MAX MARKS: 70

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and
Section E.
• All the sections are compulsory.
• Section A contains 16 questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1
mark each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains
seven questions of three marks each, Section D contains two case study-based
question of four marks and Section E contains three long answer question of five marks
each.
• There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one
question in Section B, one question in Section C and all three questions in Section E.
You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.

You may use the following values of physical constants where ever necessary
i. c = 3 x 108 m/s
ii. me = 9.1 x10-31 kg
iii. e = 1.6 x 10-19 C
iv. μ0 = 4π x 10-7 Tm𝐴−1
v. h = 6.63 x10-34 Js
vi. ε0 = 8.854 x10-12 C2N-1m-2

SECTION A
1. The magnitude of electric field at a distance of 4m from a point charge is 9N/C.
For the same point charge, the magnitude of electric field will be 16N/C at a (1)
distance of
(a) 1m (b) 2m (c) 3m (d) 6m

2. Beams of electrons and protons move parallel to each other in the same direction.
They
(a) attract each other (1)
(b) repel each other
(c) neither attract or repel each other
(d) Force of attraction or repulsion depends on the speed of the beams

3. A beam of light travels from air into a denser medium. If the speed of light and
wavelength in the denser medium is 1.5 x 108 m/s and 230nm respectively, the (1)
wavelength in air is
(a) 230 nm (b) 460 nm (c) 115 nm (d) 345 nm

4. An electron experiences a force of 1.6 x 10-16 N î in an electric field ⃗E. The electric
field ⃗E is
(a) 1.0 x 103 N/C î (b) 1.0 x 103 N/C (−î ) (1)
(c) 1.0 x 10-3 N/C î (d) 1.0 x 10-3 N/C (−î)

5. A voltage signal is described by V = V0 for 0 ≤ t ≤ ;

T T
V = 0 for 2 ≤ t ≤ T.
2
The rms value of voltage is (1)
V0 V0
(a) (b) (c) V0 (d) √2V0
√2 2

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6. Which of the following statement is NOT true for nuclear forces ?
(a) They are stronger than Coulomb forces. (1)
(b) They have about the same magnitude for different pairs of nucleons.
(c) They are always attractive.
(d) They show saturation property as the separation between two nucleons
increases.

7. A positively charged particle is released from rest in a uniform electric field. The
electric potential energy of the charge
(a) Remains constant because the electric field is uniform (1)
(b) Increases as the charge moves along the electric field
(c) Decreases as the charge moves along the electric field
(d) Decreases as the charge moves opposite to the direction of electric field

8. The threshold voltage for a p-n junction diode used in the circuit is 0·7 V. The type
of biasing and current in the circuit are :
(1)

(a) Forward biasing, 0 A (b) Reverse biasing, 0 A

(c) Forward biasing, 5 mA (d) Reverse biasing, 2 mA

9. In the given circuit, current through 10Ω resistor is

(1)

(a) 0 A (b) 6/11 A (c) 2 A (d) 6/14 A

10. When a sheet of metal is placed in a magnetic field, which changes from zero to a
maximum value, induced currents are set up in the direction as shown in the
diagram. What is the direction of the magnetic field? (1)

(a) Into the plane of paper (b) Out of the plane of paper
(c) East to west (d) North to south

11. For a glass prism, the angle of minimum deviation will be smallest for the light of (1)
(a) red colour (b) blue colour (c) yellow colour (d) green
colour

12. Displacement current exists only when

(a) electric field is changing (1)
(b) magnetic field is constant
(c) electric field is constant
(d) magnetic field is changing

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13. Assertion (A): At 0K, Germanium behaves as a superconductor.
Reason (R): At 0K, Germanium offers zero resistance. (1)
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false and R is also false

14. Assertion (A): If an electron and proton enter a magnetic field with equal
momentum, then the paths of both of them will be equally curved in opposite (1)
directions.
Reason (R): The magnitude of charge on an electron is same as that on a proton
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false and R is also false

15. Assertion (A): Photoelectric effect demonstrates the particle nature of light.
Reason (R): Photoelectric current is proportional to intensity of incident radiation (1)
for frequencies more than the threshold frequency.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false and R is also false

16. Assertion (A): In Young's double slit experiment if wavelength of incident

monochromatic light is just doubled, number of bright fringes on a given region on (1)
the screen will increase.
Reason (R): Maximum number of bright fringes on the screen is directly
proportional to the wavelength of light used.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false and R is also false

SECTION B
17. a) An iron rod of 0.2cm cross-sectional area is subjected to a magnetising field of
2

1200A/m. The susceptibility of iron is 599. Find permeability and magnetic flux (2)
produced in the iron rod.
OR

b) A small magnetised needle P is placed at the origin of x-y plane with its
magnetic moment pointing along the y-axis. Another identical magnetised needle (2)
Q is placed in two positions Q1 and Q2 as shown. Q1

(i) In which case is the potential energy of Q minimum? Q2

(ii) In which case is Q not in equilibrium? P
Justify your answers.

18. Draw the energy band diagram for a p-type and n-type semiconductor for T > 0K. (2)

19. Calculate the speed of light in the liquid of unknown refractive index (2)

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20. Name the electro-magnetic waves with their wavelength range, produced in
(a) some radioactive decay (2)
(b) sparks during electric welding

21. Two coherent light waves each of intensity 5 × 10–2 Wm–2 super-impose and
produce the interference pattern on a screen. At a point where the path difference (2)
between the waves is λ/6, λ being wavelength of the wave, find the
(i) phase difference between the waves.
(ii) resultant intensity at the point.

SECTION C
22. a) Define the term mobility of free electrons. In the circuits shown in the
figures, the galvanometer shows no deflection in each case. Find the ratio of R 1 (3)
and R2.

OR
b) Find the current across each branch using Kirchhoff’s laws and hence find (3)
potential difference across cell E2.

23. Draw a diagram to show the variation of binding energy per nucleon with mass
number for different nuclei and mention its two features. Why do lighter nuclei (3)
usually undergo nuclear fusion ?

24. (i) Draw a graph to show the variation of the number of scattered particles
detected (N) in Geiger-Marsden experiment as a function of scattering angle (θ). (3)
(ii) Discuss briefly two conclusions that can be drawn from this graph and how
they lead to the discovery of nucleus in an atom.
25. A square loop of side 20 cm is initially kept 30 cm away from a region of uniform
magnetic field of 0.1 T acting perpendicular inward as shown in the figure. It is
then moved towards the right with a velocity of 10 cm s–1 till it goes out of the field. (3)
Find maximum flux and induced emf and hence plot a graph showing the variation
of
(i) magnetic flux (φ) through the loop with time (t).
(ii) induced emf (e) in the loop with time t.

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26. Calculate the phase difference between the voltage and current. Also find the
value of the additional capacitance that will make the power factor unity.
(3)

27. Explain the property of a p-n junction which makes it suitable for rectifying
alternating voltages. With the help of a circuit diagram, discuss the working of a (3)
half-wave rectifier.

28. Draw the ray diagram of an astronomical refracting telescope in normal

adjustment. Define magnifying power and derive the expression for it. (3)

SECTION D
29. CASE STUDY
PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT
Figure shows the photo electric current measured in a photocell circuit as a
function of potential difference between the plates of the photocell when light
beams A, B, C and D of different wavelength are incident on it. Examine the figure
and answer the following questions

(1)
(i) Which beam has the highest frequency and why? (1)
(ii) Which beam has the longest wavelength and why? (2)
(iii) Which beam ejects photoelectrons of highest momentum and why?
OR
(iii) What is the effect on threshold frequency and stopping potential on (2)
increasing the frequency of incident light?

30. CELLS
When the terminals of a cell are connected to a conductor of resistance R, electric
current flows through the circuit. The electrolyte of the cell offers some resistance
in the path of current like the conductor. The resistance offered by the electrolyte
is called internal resistance of the cell (r). It depends on the nature of the
electrolyte, area of the electrode immersed in the electrolyte and temperature.
Due to internal resistance, a part of the energy supplied by the cell is wasted in
the form of heat.
When no current is drawn from the cell, the potential difference between the
electrodes is called thew emf of the cell. When current is drawn from the cell, the
potential difference between the electrodes is called terminal potential difference.

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 (i) Choose the incorrect statement: (1)
(a) The potential difference (V) between the two terminals of a cell in a closed
circuit is always less than its emf ( ε, during discharge of the cell.
(b) The internal resistance of a cell decreases with the decrease in temperature of
the electrolyte.
(c) When current is drawn from the cell then V=ε−Ir.
(d) The graph between potential difference between the two terminals of the cell
(V) and the current (I) through it is a straight line with a negative slope.

(ii) Two cells of emfs 2V and 6V and internal resistance 0.1Ω and 0.4Ω (1)
respectively are connected in parallel. The equivalent emf of the combination will
be’
(a) 2V (b) 2.8V (c) 6V (d) 8V

(iii) Dipped in the solution, the electrode exchanges charges with the electrolyte. (1)
The positive electrode develops a potential V+ (V+ > 0) and the negative electrode
develops a potential -V- (V- ≥ 0), relative to the electrolyte adjacent to it. When no
current is drawn from the cell then
(a) ε = V+ + V- > 0 (b) ε = V+ - V- > 0
(c) ε = V+ + V- < 0 (d) ε = V+ + V- = 0

(iv) Five identical cells, each of emf 2V and internal resistance 0.1Ω are (1)
connected in parallel. The combination in turn is connected to an external resistor
9.98Ω. The current flowing through the resistor is
(a) 0.05A (b) 0.1A (c) 0.15A (d) 0.2A

OR

(iv) Potential difference across a cell in an open circuit is 6V. It becomes 4V when (1)
a current of 2A is drawn from it. The internal resistance of the cell is
(a) 1Ω (b) 1.5Ω (c) 2Ω (d) 2.5Ω

SECTION E
31. (a) Derive the expression for capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with a (3)
dielectric of thickness t < d inserted between the plates, where ‘d’ is the distance
between the plates.

(b) Two identical parallel plate capacitors A and B are connected to a battery of V
volts with the switch S closed. The switch is now opened and the free space (2)
between the plates of the two capacitors is filled with a dielectric of dielectric
constant K. Find the ratio of the total electrostatic energy stored in both capacitors
before and after the introduction of the dielectric.

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 OR

(a) State Gauss law in electrostatics. Using it derive the expression for electric (3)
field at a point due to an infinite line of charge of linear charge density λ.

(b) If an electron is revolving in a circle around an infinite line of charge with

constant speed v such that the line of charge passes through the centre of the (2)
circle perpendicular to the plane of the circle, deduce the expression for kinetic
energy of the electron. Also plot a graph of kinetic energy Vs linear charge
density.

32. (a) Two thin lenses are placed coaxially in contact. Obtain the expression for the (3)
focal length of this combination in terms of the focal lengths of the two lenses.

(b) A converging beam of light travelling in air converges at a point P as shown in

the figure. When a glass sphere of refractive index 1·5 is introduced in between (2)
the path of the beam, calculate the new position of the image. Also draw the ray
diagram for the image formed.

OR

(a ) Can the interference pattern be produced by two independent monochromatic (1)

identical sources of light ? Explain.

(b) A parallel beam of light of wavelength 500nm falls on a narrow slit and the (2)
resulting diffraction pattern is observed on a screen 1m away. It is observed that
the first minimum is at a distance of 2.5mm from the centre of the screen. Find the
width of the slit.

(c) Two coherent sources whose intensity ratio is 81:1 produce interference (2)
fringes. Calculate the ratio of intensity of maxima and minima in the fringe system.

33. (a) Use Biot-Savart law to derive the expression for the magnetic field due to a
circular current carrying coil of radius R having N turns at a point on the axis at a (3)
distance ‘x’ from its centre.
Draw the magnetic field lines due to this coil.

(b) A current ‘I’ enters a uniform circular loop of radius ‘R’ at point M and flows (2)
out at N as shown in the figure. Obtain the net magnetic field at the centre of the
loop.

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 OR

(a) Two straight long parallel conductors carry currents I1 and I2 in the same
direction. Deduce the expression for the force per unit length between them.
Hence define SI unit of current. (3)

(b) A rectangular current carrying loop EFGH is kept in a uniform magnetic field
as shown in the figure.

(2)

(i) What is the direction of the magnetic moment of the current loop?
(ii) When is the torque acting on the loop maximum?
(iii) When is the torque acting on the loop minimum?

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