1.

Find out adjective phrases and adverb phrases in the following sentences and analyse their
constituents:
1. That is a bit premature, isn't it?  Adj P - Cs
ADV ADJ
2. I found it rather tight.  Adj P - CO
ADV ADJ
3. I'd be quite keen to try anything like that really.  Adj P - Cs
ADV ADJ non-finite
4. What you have been doing then has been so wild.  Adj P - Cs
ADV ADJ
5. I expect you are glad you're not a vegetarian.  Adj P - Cs
ADJ postmod – finite
6. I am sure it isn't much difficult than you say.  Adj P - Cs
ADJ postmod - finite
7. She was uncertain what to do.  Adj P - Cs
ADJ postmod – non-finite
8. He gave me a very earnest look.  Adj P – PRM OF LOOK
ADV ADJ
9. He sounds very interested in our proposal.  Adj P - Cs
ADV ADJ pP
10. Unfortunately, he is very busy now.  Adj P - Cs
ADV ADJ
11. It was a quite ridiculously- worded statement.  Adj P - Premodifier in NPs
ADV ADJ
12. Is he certain of our support?  Adj P - Cs
ADJ PP
13. I am quite sure that he is certain to win.  Adj P - Cs
ADV ADJ FINITE CL
14. He was rather concerned that no-one should know immediately.  Adj P - Cs
ADV ADJ F CL
15. He runs very fast.  Adv P – A
ADV ADV
16. It is a surprisingly high price.  Adj P - Premodifier in NPs
ADV ADJ H
17. He intentionally took the calculator.  Adv P - AdverbialsAD
ADV
18. They excitedly welcomed the music band.  Adv P - Adverbials
ADV
2. Underline verb phrases in the following sentences and decide whether they are finite or non
finite:
1. At the station, we were met by a man carrying a copy of the Times.
Finite non-finite
2. He was accompanied by a porter weighing at least 150 kilos.
Finite non-finite
3. A car, coming unexpectedly out of a side street, crashed into us.
Non-finite finite
4. We collided with a car driven by a young man without a license.
Finite non-finite
5. Any diver not having a license ought to be sent to jail right away.
Non-finite finite
6. The train standing at platform six is for Brussels and Ostend.
Non-finite finite
7. Any articles left in this bus were taken at once to the Lost property Office.
Non-finite Finite
8. Any dutiable articles not declared to the custom will be liable to confiscation.
Non-finite finite
9. Presents costing less than ten pounds in all may be imported duty free.
Non-finite finite
10. Anyone not hearing that noise must have been stone deaf.
Non-finite finite
3. Find out verb phrases in the following sentences and analyse them;
1. We were waiting for hours.  Finite
Aux Mv
2. Yee Ling has never been to Scotland.  Finite
Aux Mv
3. Those people are really lucky.  Finite
Aux Mv
4. We will not give you that information.  Finite
Aux Aux Mv
5. They appointed him the chairman of the committee.  Finite
Mv
6. Ali must have spent a fortune last week.  Finite
Aux Aux Mv
7. They could help you.  Finite
Aux Mv
8. They will arrive tomorrow morning.  Finite
Aux Mv
9. The thieves may have left by now.  Finite
Aux Aux Mv
10. When did you see Mr. Lim?  Finite
Aux Mv
4. A part of each of the sentences below is marked. Indicate by which of the following
linguistic structures the bold part is being realized:
a. finite verb phrase
b. non - finite verb phrase
c. prepositional phrase
d. noun phrase
e. adjective phrase
f. adverb phrase
g. non-finite clause
h. finite clause
1. Fire can cause great damage to any city.  d
2. The Great Fire of London started in a bakery.  c
3. It burnt furiously for four days.  f
4. Pepys has given us a vivid account of it.  d
5. Who has given a vivid account of it?  a
6. The man who has just spoken is Benjamin Hall.  d
7.They suddenly decided to christen the bell Big Ben.  g
8.The man who won the contract was Dent  d
9. The next day we were sitting in the car  d
10. Leaving us at the gate, they disappeared.  g
11. Leaving us at the gate like that was very thoughtless.  g
12. Hand the man at the gate your ticket.  d
13. I thoroughly enjoyed meeting June again.  g
14. Meeting her again has left me very happy.  e
15. We doubts whether peace will last.  h
5/ Identify and underline the phrases in the following sentences. Analyze their constituents
and their functions.
1/The importance of language management in multinational companies (NPs) has never been
(Finite) greater than today (Adj P).
2/Multinationals (NP) are becoming (Finite) more conscious of the importance of global
coordination (Adj P).
3/Companies (NP) will evaluate (Finite) the magnitude of the language barrier confronting them
(NP).
4/This attitude that “one language fits all” (NP) has also been presented (Finite).
5/A survey of the web sites of top American companies (NP) confirmed (Finite) that attitude
(NP).
6/ Reliance on a single language (NP) is (Finite) a strategy that is fatally flawed (NP).
7/It (NP) ignores (Finite) the rapid globalization of the Internet(NP).
8/The immediate and understandable reaction to any skills-shortage in business (NP) is (Finite)
something that needs considering (NP).
9/One notable and committed leader in the field of language training (NP) has been (Finite) the
Volkswagen Group (NP).
10/They (NP) have developed (Finite) a language strategy (NP) over many years (Adv P).
11/Clearly (Adv P), companies intending to pursue this route (NP) need to (Finite VP) do so with
realistic expectations (non-finite).
12/The attitudes, customs and beliefs related to perfumes in ancient times (NP) are truly
fascinating (finite).
13/Evidence (NP) also appears (Finite) in the Bible and other classical writings (Adv P)
14/Perfumes and fragrant spices (NP) were (Finite) precious commodities (NP).
15/The use of cosmetics (NP) became (Finite) the custom of that period (NP).
16/Women in the ancient past commonly (Adv P) put colors (NP) around their eyes (Adv P).
17/Egyptian women colored the upper eyelid (NP) black (Adj P).
18/Ordinary people and slaves (NP), however, usually wore (non-finite) their hair short (NP).
19/Our mother (NP) may have told (finite) you the secret to getting what you ask for (NP).
20/The reality (NP) is (Finite) rather more surprising (Adj P).
21/Laboratory experiments on the psychology of persuasion (NP) were telling (finite) only part
of the story (NP)

6. Identify the constituent which realises Subject function in each of the following sentences.
1. The (det) use (head) of caves for smuggling (postmod) is as old as the hills.
2. The (det) light (head) of a torch (postmod) flickered.
3. What (head) the critics failed to understand (postmod) is that his art was not sacrificed to
popularity.
4. The (det) list (head) of people who she says helped her (postmod) is long.
5. The (det) wind (head) coming down form the snowfields above (postmod) woke us every
night as we lay in our tent.
6. There (introductory S)’s no way of knowing what goes on in their minds.
7. It (preparatory S)’s 5 km away from here.
7. Write sentences as guided
1. S [V-ing P] Sleeping makes us relaxed after a hard-working day.
2. S [ preparatory] It seems to be a great challenge [real S] to learn two languages at the same
time.
3. S [finite clause] What he did disappointed his parents.
4. S [non-finite clause]Listening to music is my hobby.
5. S [noun phrase] The low prices of the goods surprised all of us.
8. Identify the constituent which functions as Direct Object in each of the following sentences,
and the class of unit which realises this function.
1. Shoppers are flouting the no-sales-on-Sunday trading laws.  NP
2. He banged the door as he went out.  NP
3. He pointed out that foreign doctors were not permitted to practise in that country.  NP
4. The negotiations have achieved very little.  NP
5. A team of divers have discovered what they believe to be sunken treasure.  Finite
6. One doubts that many will survive the long trek over the mountains.  Finite
7. You might ask what is the use of all this.  Finite
8. He shoveled a ton of gravel into the back garden.  NP
9. Do you mind waiting a few minutes?  non-finite
9. Identify subject complements, object complements in the following sentences
1. Spying on firms has become a multimillion - pound industry.  Cs
2. What will they call the baby?  Co
3. Archie’s bar is where it’s at.  Cs
4. Life is a series of accidents. That’s what he thinks.
Cs Cs
5. He makes his films accessible to a wide public.  Co
6. He kept us laughing all evening with his jokes.  Co
7. The weather has turned unexpectedly cold lately.  Cs
8. Make the coffee a bit stronger, would you?  Co
9. I am an animal lover working in a department dedicated to cancer research.  Cs
10. I think you have mistaken the gentlemen’s lavatory for the stage door.  Co
11. They found Winston’s sense of humour rather disconcerting.  Co
12. What colour is she going to dye her hair?  Co
13. Any attempt to re-establish control over the liberated areas would prove self-defeating.  Cs
14. They must prove themselves fit for the task.  Co
10. Indicate, by Od, Oi, Cs or Co whether the parts underlined in the sentences below are the
direct object (Od), the indirect object (Oi), the subject complement (Cs) or the object
complement (Co).
1. Will someone get a doctor, quickly!  Od
2. George and Paul both became famous doctors.  Cs
3. Do you call yourself a doctor?
Od Co
4. May I call you Jenny?
Od Co
5. May I call you a taxi or something?  Od
6. It is so cold. I can’t get warm.
Cs Co
7. I can’t get my hands warm.
Od Co
8. Keep quiet! Keep those children quiet.
Cs Od Co
9. The young man was slowly going mad.  Cs
10. His mother-in-law was driving him mad.
 Od Co
11. The driver turned the corner too quickly.  Od
12. The weather is turning warmer.  Cs
13. The hot weather turned all the milk sour.
Od Co
14. The young man grew very depressed.  Cs
15. He grew his hair long.
Od Co
16. He had made a great mistake.  Od
17. His in-laws had simply made him their servant.
Oi Od
18. His wife sometimes made him curry.
Oi Od