SELF- INSTRUCTIONAL PACKETS

MATHEMATICS Grade 8
Third Quarter
Week 4

I. OBJECTIVES

A. Content Standards
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of axiomatic structure of
geometry and triangle congruence.

B. Performance Standards
The learner is able to communicate mathematical thinking with coherence and clarity
in formulating, investigating, analyzing, and solving real-life problems involving
congruent triangles using appropriate and accurate representations.

C. Learning Competencies
The learner solves corresponding parts of congruent triangles. (M8GE-IIIf-1)

D. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:
apply the triangle congruence postulates and theorems in solving corresponding
parts of congruent triangles.

II. CONTENT
SOLVING CORRESPODING PARTS OF CONGRUENT TRIANGLES

Learning Resources
A. References
“Mathematics Grade 8 – Learner’s Module” pages 349 - 359
by: Department of Education
First Edition, 2013
ISBN: 978-971-9990-70-3

“Exploring Math 8” pages 329 -336

by: Oronce, Orlando A. and Mendoza, Marilyn O. (with DepEd Copyright)
First Edition, 2018
ISBN 978-971-23-9244-3

B. Other Learning Resources

III. PROCEDURES

A. Reviewing previous lesson or presenting the new lesson

Hello there! How are you?

Before we continue with our lessons for this week, let us try to recall our past lesson.

We have studied that two triangles are congruent if their vertices can be paired so that
corresponding sides are congruent and corresponding angles are congruent.
To remember this important idea, some find it helpful to use the acronym CPCTC, which stands
for "Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles are Congruent".

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Two triangles are congruent if they have:

• the same three sides and

• the same three angles.

Congruent Triangles ̅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅

If 𝐴𝐵 𝑃𝑄 ,
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑄𝑅
𝐵𝐶 ̅̅̅̅,
Two triangles are congruent if ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑃𝑅
̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶
and only if their
∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝑃, ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝑄, and
corresponding parts are
∠𝐶 ≅ ∠𝑅,
congruent.
then, ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅.

Example 1: Given that ∆𝐽𝑂𝑌 ≅ ∆𝐹𝑈𝑁, name all the

corresponding congruent parts.

Solution:

The correspondence of the vertices can be used to

name the congruent sides and angles of the two triangles.

Corresponding Sides Corresponding Angles

̅̅̅̅
𝑶𝒀 ≅ 𝑼𝑵̅̅̅̅̅ ∠𝑶 ≅ ∠𝑼
̅̅̅̅
𝑶𝑭 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑼𝑭 ∠𝒀 ≅ ∠𝑵
̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑵𝑭
𝒀𝑱 ̅̅̅̅ ∠𝑭 ≅ ∠𝑱

Example 2: In the given figure, ∆𝐻𝐼𝐽 ≅ ∆𝐾𝐼𝑀, name all the

corresponding congruent parts.

Solution:

The correspondence of the vertices can be used to name the

congruent sides and angles of the two triangles.

Corresponding Sides Corresponding Angles

̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑱𝑰 𝑴𝑰 ∠𝑯 ≅ ∠𝑲
̅̅̅̅
𝑯𝑰 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑲𝑰 ∠𝑯𝑰𝑱 ≅ ∠𝑲𝑰𝑴
̅̅̅̅
𝑱𝑯 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑴𝑲 ∠𝑱 ≅ ∠𝑴

We say that two triangles are congruent if the six corresponding parts are congruent. However,
we also studied other ways on how to prove that the triangles are congruent using the following
postulates / theorem.

• SAS (Side-Angle-Side) Congruence

Postulate
If the two sides and an included angle of one
triangle are congruent to the corresponding
two sides and the included angle of another
triangle, then the triangles are congruent.

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 • ASA (Angle-Side-Angle) Congruent
Postulate
If the two angles and the included side of
one triangle are congruent to the
corresponding two angles and an included
side of another triangle, then the triangles
are congruent.

• SSS (Side-Side-Side) Congruence

Postulate
If the three sides of one triangle are
congruent to the three sides of another
triangle, then the triangles are congruent.

• AAS (Angle-Angle-Side) Congruence

Theorem
If the two angles and a non-included side of
one triangle are congruent to the
corresponding two angles and a non-included
side of another triangle, then the triangles are
congruent.

Now, it’s your turn. Write your answer on your Math notebook.
Example 3: For each given figure, indicate two congruent triangles and name the postulate
(SAS, ASA, SSS) / theorem (AAS or SAA) that guarantee their congruence.

∆_____ ≅ ∆_____
by ___________________

∆_____ ≅ ∆_____
by ___________________

∆_____ ≅ ∆_____
by ___________________

∆_____ ≅ ∆_____
by ___________________

You should get:

1) ∆𝑇𝑂𝑀 ≅ ∆𝑁𝑂𝑀 by SSS Postulate 2) ∆𝑊𝑋𝑉 ≅ ∆𝑌𝑉𝑋 by ASA Postulate
3) ∆𝐾𝐿𝑀 ≅ ∆𝑄𝑅𝑆 by AAS Theorem 4) ∆𝐿𝑂𝐷 ≅ ∆𝑅𝐼𝑀 by SAS Postulate

If you get the correct answer, you may now proceed to the next part of the discussion. If not, I
am sorry, but you must go back to the example and try all over again.

B. Establishing a purpose for the lesson

The wonders of Geometry are present everywhere, in nature and in structures. Designs and
patterns having the same size and same shape play important roles especially on the stability of
buildings and bridges. But have you wonder what ensure the stability of any structures?

In geometry the word congruent is often used as follows. The word equal is often used in
place of congruent for these objects.
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 • Two line segments are congruent if they have the same length.
• Two angles are congruent if they have the same measure

By definition, if two triangles are congruent then their corresponding parts are also
congruent. This means that if two triangles are congruent, then their corresponding parts are
also congruent. Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles are Congruent, this is a
restatement of the definition of congruent triangles. Since this will often be used as reason in
proofs, it is convenient to use the abbreviation, CPCTC.

One way to justify two triangles are congruent is by;

SAS (Side-Angle-Side) Congruence Postulate

It means that we have two triangles where we know two sides and the included angle are equal.

is
congruent
to:

Let’s have examples on how to apply the SAS Postulate.

Example1. Show that ∆𝐴𝑀𝑇 ≅ ∆𝐻𝑀𝑇, 𝑟 = 4

MA = 3t + 1
= 3(4) + 1 Substituting r = 4
= 12 + 1
MA = 13

MH= 4t – 3
= 4(4) -3 Substituting r = 4
= 16 -3
MH = 13

m∠𝐻𝑀𝑇 = 2𝑟 2
= 2(4)2 Substituting r = 4
= 2 (16)
m∠𝑯𝑴𝑻 = 32

∠𝐴𝑀𝑇 ≅ ∠𝐻𝑀𝑇 Definition of an angle bisector of a triangle

̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑀𝑇
𝑀𝑇 ̅̅̅̅̅ Reflexive property of congruence
∆𝐴𝑀𝑇 ≅ ∆𝐻𝑀𝑇 by SAS Postulate

Example 2.

Given: ∆𝑇𝐸𝑁 ≅ ∆ 𝑆𝐼𝑋 , ̅̅̅̅̅

𝑇𝐸 ⊥ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑁𝐸 , ̅̅̅̅
𝑆𝐼 ⊥ ̅̅̅̅
𝑋𝐼,
𝑚∠𝑁 = 35, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆𝐼 = 12𝑐𝑚.
Find: m∠𝑋 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑊

Solution:
m∠𝑋 = 𝑚 ∠𝑁 = 35
m∠𝑆 + 𝑚∠𝐼 + 𝑚∠𝑋 = 180 since the sum of
the measures of the angles of a triangle is 180º

m∠𝑋 = 180 − (𝑚∠𝑆 + 𝑚∠𝐼)

= 180 – (35 + 90)
= 180 – 125
m∠𝑿 = 55
𝑻𝑬 = 𝑺𝑰 = 𝟏𝟐𝒄𝒎

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C. Presenting examples/instances of the new lesson

ASA (Angle-Side-Ange) Congruence Postulate

It means that we have two triangles where we know two angles and the included side are equal.

is
congruent
to:

Let’s have examples on how to apply the ASA Postulate.

Example 1: Given ∆QRS ≅ ∆MNO and QR = 9, NO = 12 and 𝑚∠R = 55°, find

a. RS = ________
b. MO = ________
c. 𝑚∠N = _______

Solutions:

Since ∆QRS ≅ ∆MNO, then ̅̅̅̅

𝑄𝑅 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑁,
̅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝑆 𝑁𝑂 and ∠𝑅 ≅ ∠𝑁.

a. RS = NO = 12 c. 𝑚∠N = 𝑚∠R = 55°

b. MN = QR = 9

Example 2: The following triangles are

congruent by the ASA Congruence
Postulate.
If 𝑚∠A = 60°, 𝑚∠H = (2x – 5)°, 𝑚∠B =
(3x – 55)°,
IH = 5y and AB = 3y + 8, find
a. 𝑚∠I = ____
b. 𝑚∠B = ____
c. AB = ______
Solutions:
a. In the given figure, ∠𝐼 ≅ ∠𝐴, so
𝑚∠I = m∠A = 60°

b. In the given figure, ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐻, so

𝑚∠B = 𝑚∠H
3x – 55 = 2x – 5 Substitute the given value of ∠𝐵 and ∠𝐻
3x – 2x – 55 = 2x – 2x – 5 Subtract 2x on both sides of the equation(SPE)
x – 55 = -5 Simplify
x – 55 + 55 = -5 + 55 Apply APE
x = 50 Simplify

Using the obtained value of x, find the 𝑚∠B.

𝑚∠B = 3x – 55
= 3(50) – 55
= 150 – 55
𝒎∠B = 95°

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 ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐴𝐵
c. In the given figure, 𝐼𝐻 ̅̅̅̅ so
IH = AB
5y = 3y + 8 Substitute the given value of IH and AB
5y – 3y = 3y – 3y + 8 Apply SPE
2y = 8 Simplify
2𝑦 8
= Apply DPE and Simplify
2 2
y=4

Using the obtained value of y, find AB

AB = 3y + 8
= 3(4) + 8
= 12 + 8
AB = 20

D. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #1

AAS (Angle-Angle-Side) Congruence Theorem

It means that we have two triangles where we know two angles and the non-included side are
equal.

is
congruent
to:

Let’s have examples on how to apply the AAS

Theorem.

Example 1: Given 𝑂𝑁𝐸 ≅ ∆SIX, 𝑚∠𝑂 = 45°,

𝑚∠𝐼 = 35°, IX = 20, find
a. 𝑚∠𝑁 = _____
b. 𝑚∠𝑆 = _____
c. NE = _____
d. 𝑚∠𝐸 = _____

Solutions:
In the figure, since ONE ≅ SIX, ∠𝑂 ≅ ∠𝑆, ∠𝑁 ≅ 𝐼, and ̅̅̅̅ 𝑁𝐸 ≅ ̅̅̅
𝐼𝑋. Then,
a. 𝑚∠𝑁 = 𝑚∠𝐼 = 35°
b. 𝑚∠𝑆 = 𝑚∠𝑂 = 45°
c. NE = IX = 20
d. Since the sum of the interior angles in a triangle is equal to 180°, then
𝑚∠𝑂 + 𝑚∠𝑁 + 𝑚∠𝐸 = 180°
45° + 35° + 𝑚∠𝐸 = 180°
80° + 𝑚∠𝐸 = 180°
80° - 80° + 𝑚∠𝐸 = 180° - 80° Applying SPE
𝒎∠𝑬 = 100°

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Example 2: ABC and  DEF are congruent by the AAS Theorem. If 𝑚∠𝐵 = 30°,
𝑚∠𝐸 = (2x – 10)°, 𝑚∠𝐶 = (2y + 8)°, 𝑚∠𝐹 = 60°,
AB = 2z – 3 and DE = 11, find the
a. value of x d. 𝑚∠𝐸
b. value of y e. 𝑚∠𝐶
c. value of z

Solutions:
a. In the given figure, ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐸, so 𝑚∠𝐵 = 𝑚∠𝐸. But
𝑚∠𝐵 = 30° and 𝑚∠𝐸 = (2x – 10)°. So,
30° = (2x – 10)°, Adding 10 both members of equation, we have
30 = 2x – 10, applying APE,
30 + 10 = 2x – 10 + 10 Simplifying
40 = 2x applying DPE,
40 2𝑥
= Simplifying
2 2
x = 20

b. Also, in the figure, ∠𝐶 ≅ ∠𝐹, so 𝑚∠𝐶 = 𝑚∠𝐹. But 𝑚∠𝐶 = (2y + 8)° and 𝑚∠𝐹 = 60°. So,
(2y + 8)° = 60° Subtracting 8 both members of the equation, we have
2y + 8 - 8 = 60 – 8 Applying SPE
2y = 52 Applying DPE
y = 26

c. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐸 , AB = DE.
2z – 3 = 11
2z – 3 + 3 = 11 + 3 Adding 3 to both members of the equation,
2z = 14 Applying APE
2𝑧 14
= Applying DPE
2 2
z=7

d. 𝑚∠𝐸 = (2x – 10)°

= 2(20) – 10 Applying Substitution
= 40 – 10 Simplifying
𝒎∠𝑬 = 30°

e. 𝑚∠𝐶 = (2y + 8)°

= 2(26) + 8 Applying Substitution
= 52 – 8 Simplifying
𝒎∠𝑪 = 44°

E. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #2

SSS (Side-Side-Side) Congruence Postulate

It means that we have two triangles where we know that there three sides are congruent.

is
congruent
to:

7
Let’s have examples on how to apply the SS Postulate.

Example 1: Given ∆𝑷𝑬𝑵 ≅ ∆𝑳𝑶𝑫

Solution:
LO = x+2
= 5+2
= 7

OD = x
= 5

LD = 3x - 9
= 3(5) – 9
= 6
We conclude that ̅̅̅̅
PE ≅ ̅̅̅̅
LO, ̅̅̅̅
EN ≅ ̅̅̅̅
OD, and ̅̅̅̅
PN ≅ ̅̅̅̅
LD, therefore ∆𝐏𝐄𝐍 ≅ ∆𝐋𝐎𝐃, by the SSS
Congruence Postulate.

Example 2: Given the congruent triangles, find the correct measurement of the sides of the
triangles to show that the following pair of triangles are congruent through SSS
Congruence Postulate. Name the congruent parts of the triangles.

Given: ∆𝑷𝑯𝑳 ≅ ∆𝑺𝑶𝑵 ∆𝑺𝑻𝑼 ≅ ∆𝑽𝑾𝑿

∆𝑷𝑯𝑳 → 𝑷𝑳 = 𝟏𝟖𝒄𝒎, 𝑯𝑳 = 𝟏𝟕𝒄𝒎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑷𝑯 = 𝟏𝟓𝒄𝒎
∆𝑺𝑶𝑵 → 𝑺𝑵 = 𝟏𝟖𝒄𝒎, 𝑶𝑵 = 𝟏𝟕𝒄𝒎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑺𝑶 =? 𝒄𝒎

Since, PL = SN, therefore ̅̅̅̅

𝑷𝑳 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑺𝑵
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑶𝑵
HL = ON, therefore 𝑯𝑳 ̅̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅
If PH = 15 cm, therefore the measure of SO = 15cm, and 𝑷𝑯 𝑺𝑶
We conclude that ∆𝑷𝑯𝑳 ≅ ∆𝑺𝑶𝑵, by the SSS Congruence Postulate.

F. Developing mastery

I. Directions: Based on the congruent markings, find the value of x and y.

a.
1. x = _____

2. y = _____

b.
3. x = ______
4. y = ______

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II. Solve the following:

1.Given ∆𝐿𝑌𝑁 ≅ ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 , by SAS Postulate

5) If LY = 25cm and AB = 2x+15, find for x = ___
6) If BD= 7cm and YN = 3x – 14,.find for x = ___
7) If 𝑚∠𝑌 = 3𝑦 + 5 and 𝑚∠𝐵 = 𝑦 + 35,find for y =___
8) Find 𝑚∠𝑌 = _____

2.Given ∆ 𝑇𝑅𝑌 ≅ ∆𝑇𝐼𝑆, by ASA Postulate

If 𝑚∠𝑅 = 300, 𝑚∠𝑌 = (2𝑥 + 25)0, 𝑚∠𝑆 = (𝑥 + 35)0,
RY = 2y – 3 and IS = y + 8, find
R Y
9. 𝑚∠𝐼 = _______
10. x = _________
11. 𝑚∠𝑌 = ________ T
12. y =_________
13. RY = _______
S I
3.Given ∆𝑇𝑂𝑌 ≅ ∆𝐺𝑈𝑌, by AAS Theorem
Find the indicated variables and solve
for the corresponding angle.
14. x =______
15. y = _____
16. 𝑚∠𝑇 = __________

4. Given ∆𝐿𝐴𝐵 ≅ ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅,

By SSS Postulate. Find the value of the
indicated variables and solve for
corresponding congruent sides
17. a = ________ 18. AL = _____
19. b = ________ 20. QR = _____
21. c =_________ 22. PR = _____

Now, check your work by turning to section

key to correction. Give yourself 1 point for every Score Description
correct answer. How many correct answers did you 17-22 Very Good
get? Rate your result using the table on the right. If 13-16 Good
9-12 Fair
you got 13 out of 22 items, you may now proceed to
Turn to section J
the next part of the discussion and work on the
0-8 enrichment
activities.

G. Finding practical applications of concepts and skills in daily living

Aren’t most of us fascinated with geometrical shapes? One comes across an array of
geometrical shapes in day-to-day life. The bed, glass, mirror, laptop, oven, and other items of
daily use have distinct geometrical shapes. One might have often come across different foods
or things which are triangular in shape. From the sandwiches you eat in breakfast, high-level
geometrical calculations you do in school to the dangerous Bermuda triangle, almost everything
is triangular. Let’s understand more about this geometric shape which is present at almost all
sites in our vicinity.

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A triangle is a three-sided and two-dimensional closed structure. It is a polygon with three
corners, vertices and three angles joined together forming a closed structure.

Pyramids

Pyramids are the ancient monuments constructed by

Egyptians. They are tetrahedral in shape, i.e., have four
triangular sides which converge into a single point at the
top. They still have remained a mystery to the
humankind. Again, the shape of the pyramids is that of
an equilateral triangle.

Truss Bridges

Truss bridges have supporting structures constructed in

triangular shapes. Triangles are used in supporting the
structure of the bridges because they evenly distribute
the weight without changing the proportions. When force
is applied on a rectangular shape, it will flatten out. The
bridges used to be very weak and could not hold much
weight before triangular shapes were incorporated in
their structure.

Sailing Boat
Almost every boat nowadays have a triangular sail. In
the early years, the sailing ships had a sail with a
square design. By using a triangular sail design, it has
become possible to travel against the wind using a
technique known as tacking. Tacking allows the boat to
travel forward with the wind at right angles to the boat.

*Source: https://studiousguy.com/10-real-life-examples-of-
triangle/

H. Making generalizations and abstractions about the lesson

Let us now summarize our lesson today.

• Congruent Triangles - two triangles are congruent if and only if their corresponding
parts are congruent.
• CPCTC - Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles are Congruent
• SAS (Side-Angle-Side) Congruence Postulate
If the two sides and an included angle of one triangle are congruent to the corresponding
two sides and the included angle of another triangle, then the triangles are congruent.

• ASA (Angle-Side-Angle) Congruent Postulate

If the two angles and the included side of one triangle are congruent to the
corresponding two angles and an included side of another triangle, then the triangles are
congruent.
• SSS (Side-Side-Side) Congruence Postulate
If the three sides of one triangle are congruent to the three sides of another triangle, then
the triangles are congruent.
• AAS (Angle-Angle-Side) Congruence Theorem

10
 If the two angles and a non-included side of one triangle are congruent to the
corresponding two angles and a non-included side of another triangle, then the triangles
are congruent.

I. Evaluating learning
Name: ______________________________Date: _________________Score:_________
Grade and Section: Parent’s Signature: _________________
Read your Mathematics 8 SIPack and answer the performance task below. Your score in this activitysheet
will be recorded and graded. You may write your answers and solutions on this paper. Use additional
sheets of paper if needed.

PERFORMANCE TASK (15 points)

A. Use the figure at the right to answer the following. Show your solutions.

1. What must be the value of x so that the two triangles are congruent by SSS postulate?
x = _____________

2. What is the measure of side XY?

XY =
3. What is the measure of side XZ?XZ =

4. What is the measure of side ZY?ZY =

5. What is the measure of side LM?LM =

B. Use the figure at the right to answer the following.If 𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 = 65°, 𝑚∠𝐶𝐵𝐸 = (5𝑦 + 5)°,
𝑚∠𝐷𝐴𝐵 = (6y – 17) °, and 𝑚∠𝐶𝐸𝐵 = (4𝑦 + 7)°.

What must be the value of y so that the two triangles are congruent by AAS/SAA
theorem?

.y= 4. 𝑚∠𝐵𝐶𝐸 = ________

2. 𝑚∠𝐶𝐵𝐸 = 5. x = __________ 65° (5y + 5) °

3. 𝑚∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 =

Rubric for Performance Task

5 4 3 2 1
ACCURACY (10 correct (7 - 9 correct (4 - 6 correct (2 - 3 correct (0 – 1 correct
answers) answers) answers) answers) answers)

5 4 3 2 1
COMPLETION (Answered all 10 (Answered 7 -9 (Answered 4 -6 (Answered 2 - 3 (Answered 0 –
items) items) items) items) 1 item)

5 4 3 2 1
(Solutions are (Solutions are (Solutions are (Solution are (Solution are
WORK SHOWN
presented presented presented presented presented
SYSTEMATICNESS
systematically in all systematically in systematically in systematically systematically
10 items) 7-9 items) 4-6 items) in 2-3 items) in 0-1 item)

11
J. Additional activities for application or remediation

Part F

Solve for the following.

Given ∆𝐻𝐴𝑈 ≅ ∆𝐹𝐸𝑈, 𝑚∠𝐻𝐴𝑈 = 800, 𝑚∠𝑈𝐹𝐸 = 300, AU = 12, EF = 3X – 2, AH = 2X + 5
Find:

1. 𝑚∠𝐴𝐻𝑈 = ________
2. 𝑚∠𝐹𝐸𝑈 = ________
3. 𝑚∠𝐸𝑈𝐹 = ________
4. x = _____________
5. EU = ____________
6. AH = ____________

Answers:

1. 𝑚∠𝐴𝐻𝑈 = 300
2. 𝑚∠𝐹𝐸𝑈 = 850
3. 𝑚∠𝐸𝑈𝐹 = 650
4. x = 7
5. EU = 12
6. AH = 19

KEY TO CORRECTIONS

PART F.

Answers
A.
1. x = 3 12. y = 11
2. y.= 9 13. RY = 19
3. x = 1 14. x = 4
4. y= 20 15. y = 6
B.
5. x = 5 16.𝑚∠𝑇 = 510
6. x =7 17. a = 2
7. y = 15 18. AL = 6
8. 𝑚∠𝐼 = 500 19. b = 4
9. 𝑚∠𝑇 = 300 20. QR = 6
10. x = 10 21. c = 3
0
11. 𝑚∠𝑁 = 45 22. PR = 6

12