To dye wool, Navajo (Diné) weaver Lillie Taylor D) “It tells of many a squandered day, / Of

uses plants and vegetables from Arizona, where slighted gems and treasured clay, / Of precious
she lives. For example, she achieved the deep stores not laid away, / Of fields unreaped.”
reds and browns featured in her 2003 rug In the
Path of the Four Seasons by using Arizona dock
Participants’ Evaluation of the Likelihood That
roots, drying and grinding them before mixing
Robots Can Work Effectively in Different
the powder with water to create a dye bath. To
Occupations
intensify the appearance of certain colors,
Taylor also sometimes mixes in clay obtained
from nearby soil.

1. Which choice best states the main idea of the

text?

A) Reds and browns are not commonly featured

in most of Taylor’s rugs.

B) In the Path of the Four Seasons is widely

acclaimed for its many colors and innovative
weaving techniques. Rows in table may not add up to 100 due to
rounding.
C) Taylor draws on local resources in the
approach she uses to dye wool. Georgia Tech roboticists De’Aira Bryant and
Ayanna Howard, along with ethicist Jason
D) Taylor finds it difficult to locate Arizona dock Borenstein, were interested in people’s
root in the desert. perceptions of robots’ competence. They
recruited participants and asked them how
likely they think it is that a robot could do the
“Ghosts of the Old Year” is an early 1900s poem work required in various occupations.
by James Weldon Johnson. In the poem, the Participants’ evaluations varied widely
speaker describes experiencing an ongoing depending on which occupation was being
cycle of anticipation followed by regretful considered; for example, ______
reflection: ______
3. Which choice most effectively uses data from
2. Which quotation from “Ghosts of the Old the table to complete the example?
Year” most effectively illustrates the claim?
A) 82% of participants believe that it is
A) “The snow has ceased its fluttering flight, / somewhat or very likely that a robot could work
The wind sunk to a whisper light, / An ominous effectively as a tour guide, but only 16% believe
stillness fills the night, / A pause—a hush.” that it is somewhat or very likely that a robot
B) “And so the years go swiftly by, / Each, could work as a surgeon.
coming, brings ambitions high, / And each, B) 47% of participants believe that it is
departing, leaves a sigh / Linked to the past.” somewhat or very likely that a robot could work
C) “What does this brazen tongue declare, / effectively as a teacher, but 37% of respondents
That falling on the midnight air / Brings to my believe that it is somewhat or very unlikely that
heart a sense of care / Akin to fright?” a robot could do so.
C) 9% of participants were neutral about C) epitomizing
whether a robot could work effectively as a
D) transcending
television news anchor, which is the same
percent of participants who were neutral when Some studies have suggested that posture can
asked about a robot working as a surgeon. influence cognition, but we should not
overstate this phenomenon. A case in point: In
D) 62% of participants believe that it is
a 2014 study, Megan O’Brien and Alaa Ahmed
somewhat or very unlikely that a robot could
had subjects stand or sit while making risky
work effectively as a firefighter
simulated economic decisions. Standing is more
The following text is from F. Scott Fitzgerald’s physically unstable and cognitively demanding
1925 novel The Great Gatsby. than sitting; accordingly, O’Brien and Ahmed
hypothesized that standing subjects would
[Jay Gatsby] was balancing himself on the
display more risk aversion during the decision-
dashboard of his car with that resourcefulness
making tasks than sitting subjects did, since
of movement that is so peculiarly American—
they would want to avoid further feelings of
that comes, I suppose, with the absence of
discomfort and complicated risk evaluations.
lifting work in youth and, even more, with the
But O’Brien and Ahmed actually found no
formless grace of our nervous, sporadic games.
difference in the groups’ performance.
This quality was continually breaking through
his punctilious manner in the shape of 6. Which choice best states the main purpose of
restlessness. the text?

4. As used in the text, what does the word A) It presents the study by O’Brien and Ahmed
“quality” most nearly mean? to critique the methods and results reported in
previous studies of the effects of posture on
A) Characteristic
cognition.
B) Standard
B) It argues that research findings about the
C) Prestige effects of posture on cognition are often
misunderstood, as in the case of O’Brien and
D) Accomplishment Ahmed’s study.
The work of molecular biophysicist Enrique M. C) It explains a significant problem in the
De La Cruz is known for ______ traditional emerging understanding of posture’s effects on
boundaries between academic disciplines. The cognition and how O’Brien and Ahmed tried to
university laboratory that De La Cruz runs solve that problem.
includes engineers, biologists, chemists, and
physicists, and the research the lab produces D) It discusses the study by O’Brien and Ahmed
makes use of insights and techniques from all to illustrate why caution is needed when
those fields. making claims about the effects of posture on
cognition.
5. Which choice completes the text with the
most logical and precise word or phrase?
Rabinal Achí is a precolonial Maya dance drama
A) reinforcing performed annually in Rabinal, a town in the
B) anticipating Guatemalan highlands. Based on events that
occurred when Rabinal was a city-state ruled by
a king, ______ had once been an ally of the king D) Theories about life on other planets have not
but was later captured while leading an considered the practicality of finding it.
invading force against him.
Studies have shown that a single, sub-
7. Which choice completes the text so that it anesthetic dose (a lower dose than would cause
conforms to the conventions of Standard anesthesia) ketamine infusion can often rapidly
English? relieve depressive symptoms within hours in
people who have not responded to
A) Rabinal Achí tells the story of K’iche’ Achí, a
conventional antidepressants, which typically
military leader who
take weeks or months to work. However,
B) K’iche’ Achí, the military leader in the story of widespread off–label use of intravenous sub-
Rabinal Achí, anesthetic dose ketamine for treatment–
resistant depression has raised concerns about
C) there was a military leader, K’iche’ Achí, who side effects, especially given its history as a drug
in Rabinal Achí of abuse.
D) the military leader whose story is told in 9. According to the text, why is ketamine a
Rabinal Achí, K’iche’ Achí, preferred drug for treating serious depressive
symptoms?
Our observations suggest increasingly that A) Because it acts faster than traditional
Earth–size planets orbiting within the habitable medications for depression
zone may be common in the galaxy—current
estimates suggest that more than 40 percent of B) Because it has fewer side effects that most
stars have at least one. But are any of them other depression medications do
inhabited? With no ability to send probes there
C) Because there is no apparent risk of
to sample, we will have to derive the answer
addiction when administered long–term
from the light and other radiation that come to
us from these faraway systems. If we manage to D) Because it can be administered to the patient
separate out a clean signal from the planet and in multiple different ways
find some features in the light spectrum that
While life is a special _____ of complex
might be indicative of life, we will need to work
chemistry, the elements involved are nothing
hard to think of any non-biological process that
special: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, etc., are
might account for them. We also might not be
among the most abundant elements in the
able to detect biospheres even if they exist.
universe. Complex organic chemistry is
8. Which is most likely true according to surprisingly common. Amino acids, just like
information suggested in the text? those that makeup every protein in our bodies,
have been found in the tails of comets. There
A) Even if life is present on other planets, we
are other organic compounds in Martian soil.
may not be able to recognize it.
And 6,500 light years away, a giant cloud of
B) Life probably exists on about 40 percent of all space alcohol floats among the stars.
the planets in the galaxy.
10. Which choice completes the text with the
C) It is impossible to find life on other planets most logical and precise word or phrase?
using currently available technology.
A) model
B) kind It also incorporates parent involvement so
parents gain tools for supporting their
C) unit
adolescent children.
D) design
12. Which choice completes the text with the
most logical and precise word or phrase?

The following text is adapted from Herman A) relevance

Melville’s 1851 novel, Moby Dick; or The Whale.
B) bond
Call me Ishmael. Some years ago—never mind
C) correspondence
how long precisely—having little or no money in
my purse, and nothing particular to interest me D) attachment
on shore, I thought I would sail about a little
The researchers found that variance among the
and see the watery part of the world. Whenever
sites did not increase over the millennia, leading
I find myself growing grim about the mouth;
them to conclude that stabilizing forces were
whenever it is a damp, drizzly November in my
maintaining forest diversity. "Our findings
soul; whenever I find myself involuntarily
indicate there are factors that _____
pausing before coffin warehouses, and bringing
populations at relative abundances that are
up the rear of every funeral I meet—then, I
consistent from one place to another," said
account it high time to get to sea as soon as I
scientist James Clark. “Our study doesn't
can. With a philosophical flourish Cato throws
identify what those stabilizing forces are,
himself upon his sword; I quietly take to the
however.”
ship. There is nothing surprising in this. If they
but knew it, almost all men in some _____ , 13. Which choice completes the text with the
sometime or other, cherish very nearly the most logical and precise word or phrase?
same feelings towards the ocean with me.
A) supervise
11. Which choice completes the text with the
most logical and precise word or phrase? B) manage

A) rank C) balance

B) degree D) administer

C) standard

D) diploma Mann’s research was conducted in two parts – a

literature review and interview study. A
literature review of both the scientific and the
Behavioral activation is a type of talk therapy popular literature was conducted and reviewed
that helps teens get unstuck from negative from August to November, 2013. The interview
mood spirals by noticing a _____ between what study involved semi–structured, one–time, in–
they do and how they feel, and gradually adding person private interviews conducted the same
more small and enjoyable actions back into life. year. Twenty vegans were interviewed, and
Behavioral activation has the goal of decreasing questions targeted personal history of
avoidance, bolstering peer connection, and veganism, related health beliefs, factors
improving engagement in rewarding activities. influencing the decision to become vegan, and
diet _____. Once all data was obtained, it was B) Between 1884 and 1886, Georges Seurat
analyzed in tandem. used a style of painting now called pointillism,
which consists of tiny dots of bright colors close
14. Which choice completes the text with the
together, in the Sunday Afternoon.
most logical and precise word or phrase?
C) Georges Seurat’s Sunday Afternoon is
A) arrangement
currently in the Art Institute of Chicago, though
B) disposition some of the colors are darker than in 1886
when Seurat completed the painting.
C) constitution
D) In Sunday Afternoon, Georges Seurat uses a
D) amalgam style that he called divisionism but which is now
When researching a topic, a student has taken called pointillism to create optical effects that
the following notes: were brighter than mixed colors

• A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La When researching a topic, a student has taken
Grande Jatte is the most famous painting by the following notes:
French artist Georges Seurat and is one of the •Rathcroghan is an archaeological site in county
archetypal pictures in the neo–impressionist Roscommon, Ireland, that contains burial
style. mounds, forts, standing stones, and other
•Sunday Afternoon was painted between 1884 structures.
and 1886 from a series of oil sketches that •Rathcroghan covers over two square miles and
Seurat made in the park and it now hangs in the contains at least 240 sites that are about 5,500
Art Institute of Chicago. years old, but none have been excavated.
•Seurat used a type of painting called pointillist, •There are no urban centers, so Rathcroghan
though he preferred the term divisionism at the was not a town, but instead the residence of
time, which involved putting small dots of color nobility or a gathering place for festivals.
next to each other that optically blend into an
image. •There is a cave which is said to be the entrance
to the underworld.
•Sunday Afternoon is about 6.6 by 9.9 feet (2 ×
3 meters) and was painted with many •The holiday of Samhain, which over time
extremely bright colors including the new zinc turned into Halloween, is thought to have
yellow, which started oxidizing and becoming originated at Rathcroghan.
darker even during Seurat’s lifetime.
16. The student wants to explain the
15. The student wants to explain the present archaeological significance of Rathcroghan.
condition of Sunday Afternoon. Which choice Which choice most effectively uses relevant
most effectively uses relevant information from information from the notes to accomplish this
the notes to accomplish this goal? goal?

A) The most famous painting by Georges Seurat, A) Rathcroghan is an area of 240 unexcavated
Sunday Afternoon, is a classic of the neo– sites in Ireland with 5,500–year–old structures
impressionist style and uses tiny dots of bright such as mounds, forts, and standing stones that
colors to create a whole image. may be associated with a noble’s residence or a
gathering place for festivals.
B) Rathcroghan in Roscommon, Ireland, has a
cave which people believed was the entrance to
the underworld, and this place is possibly the
origin of the holiday Samhain, which evolved
into Halloween.

C) In Roscommon, Ireland, there is a site called

Rathcroghan with structures about 5,500 years
old, including burial mounts, forts, and standing
stones, which may be associated with the
holiday of Samhain.

D) Tough it was not a town, Rathcroghan in

Roscommon, Ireland, could have had many
other uses in relation to the holiday of Samhain,
but because it contains over 240 sites that have
not been excavated, it is hard to determine.

ANSWERS

1. C
2. B
3. A
4. A
5. D
6. D
7. A
8. A
9. A
10. B
11. B
12. C
13. C
14. C
15. C
16. A