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Abstract Class

Java - abstract class

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8 views15 pages

Abstract Class

Java - abstract class

Uploaded by

fathimabasheerka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Abstract Class

• A class that is declared using “abstract” keyword is


known as abstract class.
• It can have abstract methods(methods without body)
as well as concrete methods (regular methods with
body).
• A normal class(non-abstract class) cannot have
abstract methods.
• But, if a class has at least one abstract method, then
the class must be declared abstract.
• If a class is declared abstract, it cannot be
instantiated.
Abstract Class
• To use an abstract class, you have to inherit it from
another class, provide implementations to the abstract
methods in it.
• If you inherit an abstract class, you have to provide
implementations to all the abstract methods in it.
Abstract Method
• Inheritance allows a sub-class to override the methods
of its super-class.
• In fact, a super-class may altogether leave the
implementation details of a method and declare such a
method abstract:
• abstract type name(parameter-list);
• Two kinds of methods:
• 1) concrete – may be overridden by sub-classes
• 2) abstract – must be overridden by sub-classes
• It is illegal to define abstract constructors or static
methods.
Abstract Class
• A class that contains an abstract method must be itself declared
abstract:
• abstract class abstractClassName {
abstract type methodName(parameter-list) {
…
}
…
• }
• An abstract class has no instances - it is illegal to use the new
operator:
• abstractClassName a = new abstractClassName();
• It is legal to define variables of the abstract class type.
Abstract Class
Abstract Sub-Class
• A sub-class of an abstract class:
1) implements all abstract methods of its super-
class, or
2) is also declared as an abstract class
• abstract class A {
abstract void callMe();
}
• abstract class B extends A {
int checkMe;
}
Abstract and Concrete Classes
• Abstract super-class, concrete sub-class:
• abstract class A {
abstract void callme();
void callmetoo() {
System.out.println("This is a concrete method.");
}
• }
• class B extends A {
void callme() {
System.out.println("B's implementation.");
}
• }
Abstract and Concrete Classes
• Calling concrete and overridden abstract methods:
• class AbstractDemo {
public static void main(String args[]) {
B b = new B();
b.callme();
b.callmetoo();
}
• }
Example: Abstract Class
• Figure is an abstract class; it contains an abstract
area method:
• abstract class Figure {
double dim1;
double dim2;
Figure(double a, double b) {
dim1 = a; dim2 = b;
}
abstract double area();
• }
Example: Abstract Class
• Rectangle is concrete – it provides a concrete
implementation for area:
class Rectangle extends Figure {
Rectangle(double a, double b) {
super(a, b);
}
double area() {
System.out.println("Inside Area for Rectangle.");
return dim1 * dim2;
}
• }
Example: Abstract Class
• Triangle is concrete – it provides a concrete implementation
for area:
• class Triangle extends Figure {
Triangle(double a, double b) {
super(a, b);
}
double area() {
System.out.println("Inside Area for Triangle.");
return dim1 * dim2 / 2;
}
• }
Example: Abstract Class
• Invoked through the Figure variable and overridden in
their respective subclasses, the area() method returns
the area of the invoking object:
• class AbstractAreas {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Rectangle r = new Rectangle(9, 5);
Triangle t = new Triangle(10, 8);
Figure figref;
figref = r; System.out.println(figref.area());
figref = t; System.out.println(figref.area());
}
• }
Abstract Class References
• It is illegal to create objects of the abstract class:
• Figure f = new Figure(10, 10);
• It is legal to create a variable with the abstract
class type:
• Figure figref;
• Later, figref may be used to assign references to
any object of a concrete sub-class of Figure (e.g.
Rectangle) and to invoke methods of this class:
• Rectangle r = new Rectangle(9, 5);
• figref = r; System.out.println(figref.area());
Example: Abstract Method
• The area method cannot compute the area of an
arbitrary figure:
double area() {
System.out.println("Area is undefined.");
return 0;
}
Instead, area should be defined abstract in Figure:
abstract double area() ;
Example: Abstract Method
• Points to remember about abstract method:

1. Abstract method has no body.


2. Always end the declaration with
a semicolon(;).
3. It must be overridden. An abstract class must
be extended and in a same way abstract
method must be overridden.
4. Abstract method must be in a abstract class.

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