i wet theory & Relatton. ynit-£ shot_ theory 2 — aa We cited colucon ar a Bek- tre objech Jn 0 aot one called members or elements “the ge. ‘i we’ dnak the Att by upper cane Gott Like A10,6,%Y,2 etc. ne elements the st are supusentcd by Lower case atts Uke arbor, MG etc. ag. -+ the colluction all natural by N- ; * the callyction all vowels sn english alphabet be 2@,U0.u. - the calliction of all sual no. , oll dntegus and. aU sratfonal pymbir oindted by R,z& As Reprusentation Cd sass — i Shee one tuo methods A supresenting a ath. Ch Roxon ot T fihiga 22°98 sclthiinnetnod al en ome qa sek one Ilaked wolthin curly braces $2 and by commas. » 4. an eg. Aa aa Ff all”ave drdigins ee A= $ 2.4.6, 8,10/12, 14, (618% e ; i Rule method on det butldn meinodi= In suule muthod we Lit the satlspe al the elmunds af the te ee en by ia Sa:x dativies a common property + 60 = A =$ 1215,4,5.6718.93 can be written ax a sek bullden méthod.. A= $xix6En & x10}. € © Repusert, the sek given patow dn Be butldn method - nzgsi2,3,4,5,6,3,02 - A fxs eee : eS N28 & NENZ : Types of edetas— ; 3 © apy Ak a 2t atta no eluent at all Sx calle dk ay the null got o empty 4et ov void. sof and Cg. = pa by @ oy £3, re ; © ah = frxENg 224X432 of Act : sas aon Wek 2— v4 abet containing exactly one: ehrealk a ab In kee. 4 distinct, objects Gs known Ws than 20. ‘ eq. — 4 As fx:w en ad 40% = $42"yd Oo 4 pk Pl be J, wt Ss & Snfinite oA Le a Aald to tie BB 6 Fa ae toni ofrorwstse ie; called. i - oo ; “a the no aging ca Be e Canainal no. a the sce & dunated by SF A=f 204, 68,103 « thea naa Ss seal eee bb et ® Layat set 2 Too acts oe re etn the oe elomonts and A= $1213 | rophan 3 ae C= sinemae oid anh adie opps © Apes ae the li no. & Eee ée eee eb Abia ed a on fay cee Sete by AOB= gusced ohleoee a E ~ aici Act dunked by An8= xxEAS KeEe-——— = a ; mo dipwung Act dinbled by 9-02 $x: zo tg” Symmetric dixjoune is denoted by AaB = CA-G)ICE-A) | a) Complornont Ae 2s denoded a ine xs ES 9 - et W= es, 2i9t Ge 6/9;103 ~ a ede ee A= £123.42 , p= $204, 1$/62 mnie” 7 AUB= $4:2130Gy5(6.2 * ee: 3 = ARAB = § 3:42 ara Stet 5b A482 fur 2 a2 ¥ = hits B-A = F563 DR Sh cet Se rel AQB = Ftr2,8,62 Ree Se SS 78 Al = $5168 9 1og SHSa wasn yD = =: 8 = F278, 103 ” , Ordunsd Pain & Condestan Broduckg= ile cida ae the es ee B a where element a Called Fiot elomtnt elinart called the - second Wie ine caps eileen ae ¥. Aet. A&B, dinoked by axe Js the. oie alt ondored pads aut) whine ‘ol element of W a OP eet ee Ge. AXB>$Caib); aeA & bEk?ee pa tees eg - Let A=% 28% Be Tarce "a then ARG? FE Clad, (tb) ,Clid), 21a), C21), (2), C3 (A), C318) Ca) F O- te A= F1/21314.53 2:3), (214), (21S) 03/0, AXA SF Crit), (r29/Ch3), C14), (1S), C210, 190 29 « (313)» 4D» (3/8 GN) CHAD C4180- (4,4), 5), Gi), 4) (6.3) 16:99,6/59 3. Subse & Buopr subse s— bet a ts Aatl t be the subset A 8 dnokd by ce HY every ctumont af set A A present in sek B. H @ hat mare elumonts than sé A ther A LB called the, prop cubsetgedt is denoted by ACG - O4-- hot pe $ i238 ree BaF 1.2314 5F ‘ ES then Ace F power shot ¢—sheS Sumber of aubsetr of a pantleulan ak a & collad the power ah YA. ' / eg. fet Aa $12% . then pCa) = £6,919, $2% $1233 A2§ 12/32 ~ dren pc) = Gre 428,829 902 3, $UOR F27B, 12284 ache the seb A has 1 elerunts then the power st YA. ecr) will have 2” elements . ‘ i J wait wets 3 Tyo tots a 8 cw Aald tobe diyolnt ‘Gixjoint ee they fave no common tel pabad ethene are Some VOU ~Anposctant: Apa Ade theory that Aet Ahn Od os two Ads. Ad B then © Commutative laud ¢- Let ur conaldn Aug= BUA , ANB= BOA Q Arsocintive _fxcpnby a— Let ws conitdon, thot ads hes Fe unton and“ dntorsection operation aottapied Me apociative A Auteuc) = (AUB)UC ANC BAD = (An#)NG Q Sunkity Jew ¢— “~ Bb= A, AMUEA © ioe© Viibibutive lawe- ~ futenc) = (808) Cave) AN(buC) = (ANB) VCRAC) @ Lem '% daw e- 8 (Ava) = a'ne" (aa8)'= Alva’ © Swalution faws- — wpy'= a # Relation :— Let’ 4 6 be” diss non empty eb then any aubet Ry the contsian duct axe ts called a slot, fer 8B. Ge. [REARB] and ayrbicaly “ue tan write, R= F(x)! xen, yond xR is : for eg Let ns aE: Uae a sulahion 4 act A to sek B is exboued by the Abatement “ts luss than’ thet We have AXB=$¢1,25,c114),€ 2/29, C24) (612), (8 4) 3 ReF (xy): rend yeRd XLYS R= $e129, cre4d, 43 os ins _pum set A fe 8+ Total rumor of ishinch_binary sulalin’ from_Seh SS SA a hax Tn elements on aet @ hos 'n’ eloments then. axe vol have ‘mn’ elements. The “poor se of axe wlll have a! elim ce 8x6 has ad dt Subsets. ow “wey Aubset Ax Jt a sulation thwufow a Auman of dlifpount Ley fem AB wll be 2M. Somain & Range sa vulation ¢— 5 i C A ideal ae XRYS be a suwlatfon prom Ab B. 1 A0F 281 euer co-ordinates ey - 'elument: RB Called the — domatn ge R was and connie ts Called the cay & R: i a | A(R) = § 2 EME (x1y) @RZ SCR =F Ys YEBS (CHYDERZ | eh et R= €(12),Ca#), (110) , ¢ 6,6), Cb10)2 A(R) = farbz CCR) =F 214,6, 10%—RIARa = FU: NER: and VERE a vd AzSabez ,B=F 95,63 find out the gulation & from Ado ——S bys pe aden OOLY the domial g the fon . 1 {" main & sarge ARGB= F (211), C214),C2/5D, C216), (4D (44), C415)s (416), (Gr) 16,4), (6,5), (6b) % RS Lat) C215), C216), C44) (4,8), C416), (616) 3 dar = F ate? . BCR) = § 45,63 ‘Opwations on Relation ¢- the various yb» § cpuations Ot a vilahin : © Conplenunt gf a rilatin ?~ consilow ovation | 8 fle sat A bs ated by RoR’ fo sk ®. The complemint a vulation & olen ds a stlation pup pe Be aud hak = R= $Carb): (ad) ER watt. AXB? eg = conti, a vtlation ® my HY whe X= E3133 ye Foiaz , REE CIB) C28), C19), 293 The comblannt gf the sullation wit be caladoted by ad fut 8X x ¥ = £8) (1r9),C2.C 29), C218), C2D§ gi = £(3,8)/C2,9) F : @ Swvewe ya subotion 3~ Let R be a sulatbn pon AcE A76 the inv @ oY wdlation R dinated by gt ds a ion prom eee uo wat [ore a a Ge. CbayeR Ht Cab) ER é let Ae $12.33 and a swlation R ise AXA = £ LUN), (129,C169), Car), (2,2), (213)sC2119,(3/2,C31203 Qe $ Cr), C1:29,099, (21,229,323 15 (any C20), (209,829.02), 24 © Sty stations A sulin er enact Sb doll to i diduntity wulation dincded by In. Taz $(x,x0: 2€A$ C9.- jee a2$.1,213143 “ Ta= $0121), (2129,03,90,(4:493 : Pa tote eee RURe =F: (ug ER, OF (YER2Z on a find &ao Ret A= F0213:45,67,8,9,107 Let R be a ulation dyfinte ap * | R= F(a: x-y ds divisthle by 32. Find © Relation R. WW Somain HRA Range YR iy Ia Ww eiowe Fout we wlll fitd. out sulation Re. REF Cd, (4), C14), C10), (2,5), (218) C22D 7 C313), C169, C319), 419, (44), (4,5) (5,29, (5,5), (5,8),(6,3)06 16) C69), (4,1) 4,4), Git), C9), (BA, (5), (818), (4/9, (5,6) 69.9), (10, (10,43, C167, Cog Somatn gpdle) = § 1,2,31415:6,7,8,9,103 ‘ R= ACRE F 1,2131415) 6, 7, 8,9,103 MD T= ciny, C29, C2199 C4.4, (569, (6/6, C44), C8189, (9:99,C10 107 WY RES S Chay, C4.19,C49, 0919, C5129, (8/99, C212), C313) (6D, C81), Ch) © G4, C44), C5129, 5159, C815) , (6/3, (Gr6)y COED? CUA CHD, COD &4), Carer, C5 8, (818,031), (619) C9199, C110, C4210). C70) Ur? 993 D Rox a= £12), 013), (1/5) (116), 108), C199), 2/19) €213D,( 214, C16), (2,9), €219), C210), C3iN)s (3129) €3y49, (3159,0 3,9), (318), (3:10), (4,29, (4/3), G15), (4.6, (4,8),C49), HAP) , (5119, (5,3), C514), C5, 6), (5/4), (5/99,(519), C619, (6129-614), (615), (6/4),618), C6110), (1,2), (439,715), (1)69,0798) G9), (8,1, (6,3), (8:41 (8:6), (8,9), (8:9), CB, t0),09,10, (4,2), (9143, (9,6) 8, C218, 9.109, 0129, (1013), (10/591 C10}6), (10,8), (10,39 2 Bropurties eq wlation 2 — 1 eile ES" © ‘Replexive vwlaiion 2-4 vwlation®en set A-is ral fo be - ape rnlh B a a : C@. CQ) ERY GEA 2 . “ | SF Let n= $123,453 & a oulation Rif dyfdud a 1 R= ECuyy: x dwiday? be. peace. ae : ; (3,2), (4/4) ,C5/2 - he ee oa. elo C3.2,c41, CSHB) ER IRDGDAE @ Souplexive station s~ A vulation R on act A 2 daid % be Soylelie of nh GE (aa) RY QéA m2 Ahir on Cpe Lee Ax eha$k, R= £C12), (03), Ctr4), C219), id), C2992 The above swlation fs duufleriie because —Cn0,(ain3, C219), 04M @ Non-saplerive swlotion :- 4 Sulation R on cet A ih sail bo be rion eraplinive jf Uk ds nuithn sraglesive non Duuplexive. eg- Lee ASFUIBZ, RESCH, C#29,CAB)z- os |Dol ee @ etymmebiic Relation’ - A vulation R on act n ts aid do EO ayonabie. y-a)bER Le. Ca beR > CHER Ae polation R will be aymmibiic 77 Og-- Lee A=£214,5,62% ‘ R= F C214), C4129, (4,5), (66), CIDE = Ro = £214), C216)/ (612), St: C4153 Relation R, ts A mmibtic because erg ORES CHD ER (45) ER S(S/ADER, (EBDERS (6IGQDER. $he* sulation “Ra Ek nat aymmutrele swlation because C24 ER but CHDER. : @ vaynmetic: Reakion = 4 oulatin Ron see # HE A08l 1 Ee aa v aber CE CaibyeR & (bia) ¢R. Cg bee A= ft 12133 ‘ R= 12), (113), C2132 a A sulation a on et f ry Bb o igymmetiic Relation 3— aald “to be ant. 4ymmebuce # , LA AREER Raf cary): X92, ; cS 5, “Re € C29; Cus 2), (14), (2:2); AAV, ice mie LAL e dhe, above owlation - ts ontiaymmetile a ik a Condition» aQRb& bRa 3 a=b nesahl saison NOTE:-4 sulation whith avsymmébulo but aalifies . of vufledive ulation B andéayinnathio culation. © transitive Relation s- A laf elon. thal aie be hanitive 2, (ARb< ERC PARC : Ge: (a bER& Cb,c)ER 2% CACIER let A= $12,24516% Raf tuyia dvider yt 0 coker em caninum (3.3), (4:4),(5,5), (G0)% a the obove swlation ds transitive becaure CHAVERAODERSCIAVER, CER GERD (uyER“Cyuevolinca Relation » 4 9 eer, sha siotabton Ron sb A Lk soly Yo be an eouintinco “watation Hf LhP ") Rilleatve :- aka Vaca » 4 mmtbile f= QRhabRa , a bean YD Transitive :- arhahee 2 0c a,b cen O Let A= P1234, 5.6% , Qe uy)! x-y ts divisible by 33. Orove that R th an equivalent vwlation . Solutions we have, R= FL CuI, C4), CHF), 2/29, C2 15), €313),C216), 044), 04.0, CHF), Gis), C515 (616), (613, €9,49) C414), (19F 2+ «The above vietotion R wlll be an eppttvatence swlation 4 as + oylloxtve » umnuliic + Transitive 0 Juplaxive:- the condition é syllexive swlation Ls ey AR A aéA CH, C219, 0359, 64,99,05/59, Cer6D, C2,5) OR truxcfont the sulation is suive ; 19 ztymmutric + - ihe condition (or cymnitie selation ts - QRb»> bRA, a,bER CHER saner , CHDERSCHIER, C2:5)GRD C52ER CUGERS (AER, (MERCER « 7 ") Transitive °- the condition onthe. culation ts GRBX ERC A ARC) GHCEA CHER LAER A CER C4) ER, CHER A (HAVER CIUCER, (63)ER 3 C33)ER CasyeR, CsaeR 32 C227ER aeaer Sodas: the above ulation Js lve, Agmmtbnte & transitive Ahwypont bs an equivalence uuelation . ‘ OB Gin that Aes HEPOS Sh, i iy R= FGuy)sx-y Ls divistale 4 3 a Fon vulalfon R to be on equivalence ulation should Ropleaive ; dymmubiic & Lbanitive. U ive t= R a Refleaive- Ra ¥aeHew, aka means (a> a) ts divisthle by ce te. o &s dlfvisthle ~b sztin loins ph tHhunfora the fon 29 - Clit),C2.2);--- ER »-ebymmutric ?- The condlition far A c vulatton & - a @Rb 5s abe eas Now, abs a-b & divisthle by 3 5 b-a td divisible by g D2 bRa Hl ulation 2s aymmubde . fon @9- Cua|eR 3 HER CHDER 3 GH ER» J Tnansthive 3- the condition pr Hhanstiive ulate aRb&bROD aRe "i akb» a-b ty divisthle by 3 2 Q-b=3n —O bee a b-e 2s oldistble by 3 D> b-c= 3"2 —©O = adding © O. bs a-b+tb-¢ = 3M, +3No a-c= 301+ N32) a a-c is divisible by 3 6" arc Hwufore the swlation is eae Oh a= CHAR C44) ECFA) ERD (11) ER, he salen €Be soap ah ee los Feuer ip is an valine an ® tet Raf: gi atau by 6 ‘Relation R ds af tntegis ay hat R son ivalen sane nt solution For a weaotinn i, igh ll ~phouwld be « ve, sApminbare & etnanttive - D Replestive - the biden fon supa j | done ara on A divisthle by 5 eee ee t ARA meank a- the 3 ve. ih diilble, aby Shlsh hh eae swlabion BB J for eg. ines. €z. aera nik2) Bymmibuc = the condition for aymmible ws ee d GR > bRa wheu oO Sst ‘ 1 ORbamans g-b t divisthle - by s Bre tt bad divtstble by 5 3 bra f a the yulation is aymmtbrto for ee- cusex 9 C6Iex ° Cui ez 3 Cu) EZ : 3) Tromikive: - the condftton tronittve ORb& bRO > ORC, whe Salita ORb> a-b f dfulsthle by > 2 a-b25ny —O bRC > bec is divtathle by S b-¢ = 6, —@ cdg P 04 | D A-b+b-C=SNy +5. eae 2 D> A-C=5(N+N2) Da- c4s divisible by S$ ORC theifow the oulation se Sransltice for eg. Casvexd G,l4)ez 3 (HIER, Hence the sulation is epivalonce sulation Oo a Raf Cay): oe-y fs divisiole by nt Prove. that R ts lualenn elation on ath of inigs « eotcin Meno silaton 36 bes an epubnt. lat swlation Lt should a Beis Se eaere see ave = Fhe condition for ive DA ,, eke mai byn te, aka means Q- nh te o is daviathle by n which 2s a Jwlation 2s eee D> & fo! the condition aynmibric is Now, apn 2 a~b Ls divisible by n a b-a i divisible “by n 2 bRa ‘ unto tu sulatton 1s aymmubil. Now—_— ie, Oye at 3) Tronsttiver Fhe condition for bunidive 4 apb& bRo 3 ARC whe abc eZ -akb 3 a-bis divisible by n 3 a-b2nh —O DRE 3... Bae er oe byn - b-c=nt, —@ adding equ O¢<@, a-b+b-=C=nnyt na 9 a-Can(ngt2). > a-c is -clivisthle by n- 2 akc, swwaa tx sulation By ponte: dene the swlation 4 an equivalna Sulation « @® Let 62$ 119134153 azsxs, a vulation R bs an, sek ‘a Auth that Carb) R Cal, ~ Prove that R us an equivaline Jf ab'=a'b - oy aie calution- For a ulation R to be an equivalence swlation Bhould. be «suplertie ; ow hpnit le SOME: TT es meals sulation D Relocive :- the condition fo suplene 2 Ds “Now €a:b) R (a:b) yh id 6 r | 2 ab= ab swhich ds tou frvapore tou sun J sflzne >) Dymmibrlc :~ the condilion far ayainttsio salotio Js - (rb) Rfa’,b) 2 Caw) Rab) : Now, CabyR(ab) . - ES a ob'salb # Se home 5 i i ee Cal,b')R Carb) Hence the swolatvon os aymmubtc. 3) Twonsthive :-fhe condition tpansttive swlokton is i (by R Cal, b'Z Cal, o') RCa",b') 3 (o.v) RCo’, BY), ee jee ab'=0'hb —O mt fe aR Ca%.b") 3 ah" = ah’ —_ fom ey 06@ : ® we get ay xg’b" = gh rave”ab"= a"b — ng , 3 (ab)R Cab") Hence te sulation sransttie the solation 4s an equivalence nilation. &e Ras dined on A R ts dupird on ARA Raha ¥aéA R= Carb) REA) Carb) RAAT S-ARbS bRa , bea $= lab) R CCA) AD (CA) REA), C4rb),Cod)E My T-ARBE BRC ARC T= (a:b) R(cid) & Cc.d) RCC) CAB) Ce.d) © (a:b) Ieid) ,le.f) € AXA od ieee oes and-~ be the elation rs aAbjy~ COME valence defined on Ce.) 4 =btc.frove tol ~ wb an fc _neeatiee : ion é swlation it olution For a swlation ~ Be be an egutvafente Should , be suplesive Aymmibile. & Frangitive. » Retlearive:- Hie -condétion jor opypleative Ls (@iB)~ (arb) ¥ Cab) EAXA ~ Now, Carb Cavb) . é 3 atb=p+a which ws Buy thoufot the sulation aad ave . “23 Tsiaas 2) 28 aoe jhe condihlen for ane wb (ib) Cod) 3 Cod) Carb) Mg (a:b) ~ Ce.d) a+ = bto b+c=atd 3 (ed) Caib) Hence the sulatton 4b aymmito 3) Transitive: ~ the condétion Duansitive rutation 4s i (abywCcadya Cadd~ ce.f) 3 (a. b)~ Cet) (Ob) Cid) 3 atd=b+¢ —Q) dadacaieh acer Cod) ~ce f) 3 c+f=d+e —@ from eg? OO we get Qtdse+fe brgrte atf=bte 2 Carbyev(ed) Hence St is tronsttive .=. potbl Order Relation 2-4 wutation Ron ae ats iid partial andi gulation J dk th - ytd Refloxive - aka V aen Antes! mute - H aRb & bRa gach i ive_- % aRh & bRC > ARO the sek A, do with partial ondr nelaf CAR) Be calid a povrtiatly andvad set or oe Le A= $213,416 % and R be Buch that R= Flarb)iasb? Brove that CA © bet A= fri9341612% and R be a walation dipined on A Auch that Re Eco): x duiidis yz. Prove that Rk the uae ondin swlation. bal? - 2 5$ (11,1029, 0099, 4 16): (21129, (3,3) (3.6), B12) C44) al? We have so xiv, antisymmetiic & Reflonive 8 — She condétton for ogploatve is QRa VaEA GRA means ana - oldest Hew Ent) ara 5 a dwidis & which Bs but thuutfore the Pence pee ee pe ee aT condition for antiaynmebue a arkh & bRa » a=b arRb & bRa rete typeen Derariaaren on PR denaleel by poset. a awtalion ctyftntck 1a) th a POSE T 5, (1,69, Cui, €2,29,C214), 3,06 16) ,C6112), (12129 3 r pro tlive. ath 2) a=b Tramtitive ¢— jhe condition fo drastic Ls - 2 aRb& bROD ARC Again aRb& bRC a doytdar,b & b devices © 3 a dwids © 3 aRb the salation 8 transite , “Hence the sulatfon By the portfal andr spatabon « Hasse Git i p ° fat oni Hasse Glagram 4 graphical veprrrnitotion ft perctiol ovr owlation in ushleh ie whos heads ant ‘Rratiod be ppinking upward 2s Rnown ad jhe Hable Qipao .4 i oe the Shaw she dliucsect, Alimirate : cyele ie eo. He ais th on. enblop ty ri ne be ak ay He Partink orcln ulation wth followin to cia the hase dagsan, ph the sation: potn a ve nat abingi) “hiad for te pial passe dikgram: “EOLe A261,2,34,53 and rm a pantial orden HN o5 dpi by R2$ ca, Cua, (39/6 04), (59,022, Se for tu above Ser €5:5)2-we will “gael -O We wilt i bed pals G ! x tit) Ainthate Trantie vulation~ we hove the aint pads eke | jot ee call! eliminate Ca) 2s the dinected graph. ett hove — ondsuod a tod po - “honoree sl Sco a pm the 6 8 tS 5 3 & e ten " @ eee tipi Rate dion > at > tag ® Let iin aie and RF Caw): x devidery % . Grau the olution Wation R: EN REF Cut, (0129 ,6,89501 4910029, (21.2), (214), €21129, (3), (3117), (44) (412) , C22), W) out we will dro the divcled ao graph.(i) UWnirode yous . lil) Aeminade transitive vwlakion- + ies She supped. has diapram ge ® Let A=$112,4,8:16% . CA) a a POSET daw the haue at the sulation. 6 & 4 2 (2, i 61 B/121243 G@ Sra the hae dpe “ (hail) - Daa? 223 , 2 %, te “ 6 ~ 3 4 © Sry the have dinpan (Deol). 8307 $1,2,3,5, 6, (0,15303 6 19, AAEL © Fro the hae diagrom * (gy 1). Dyas" 5 3,6, 4,14, 9,423 —<> ke @ Brew the have dingram of H (Dd). Dag2 $1.2, 3,4, 619, 218362 © fra the hone ayierky Az E214 315,30, 60,{20, 180,360 3. 360 J tom 4 ; Bue ape collection al the sylation ¢ is aubset Hf" 2 _ ong on a “pulation it should be fant nuttin 136 bee. jonted pul sulatn 4 ive, onittaym mbuio & Tronattive. ; D Reblealve fie - ncn iy Aes 4 dt dy vuplotie. & ) anktsymmitiic - ACB Hen Pere 1D) Tonite ~ neeeace 9 nce « dt Ss tural 0S, Byes & POSET & @ 2 ee Gaz pcs). Prove Hat (4.2) is a PoseT alto dhad Hee Fa pater £34, £128, £033, $2.83, £1, 255 "4 (pc) ds a Poser whin ‘ce rulation ts a pontfat orden elasee” l—=—ELM ty) tex V REARS db is raplerie. ti) KEY @ VG? KY “cist antisymeics ty XOYE yor 3XCz te dy transitive CA,¢) 48 @ POSET. £12135 ia es eee ute) Maximal & Minimal Aluments = , " Masimal - element, art. thabe cimante in th. ante diagram ch. dy not ~ successor by ony . stncnat eomantt cos. ae ceri Ohi OH [al fyucided by by elemunt- ee S Goats & beatk Alani? gg = ee ant i ob atiart 21H fans SPS th Auccesged. elununt- : P ent Dn mee oS frucieds every eerents - O- Let A= £ 1,21316/8:12, 16:24 3» Prove nat with olivtsthility aie Pes hae login pin ane maximal & meninal otemerts find the hak eat elumunt it they exist, W poplexive $= the condition for. suplvelie bs aka Vaeh Hou ara 2 a didlo toupot tE ( ankittpmmibule t- he tondttion cntiaymn eri’ ds aeb & bRa 3 A=8>- tou arba a dwidu b a> b dwidu a A bRa x 3 A=B Hwupow Jt ds ankiaymmusn'c ti) feanattive :- the condttton for transitive ds arb & ROS ake - a ARbe bre > q dui b& b dui e Mis > a dwicu ¢ d 9 aRe Hurfou Le tb pumitive.(RN) ds a poser a Hane alagram - 24 ci 6 io maximal element = 4161243 minimal temurt = $1? ~— Gyeatert lament: = Goes not extet = i ; heart eluent = 1 ® Constan A= §213,4,6,9,12)18:363. dhe sulation “Z" bs Auch that x2y meas a cid y. Bove thot (fe) slain | ds POSET. Brow th haste diagram . pind the maztmal € mind "satan & Last eleriint, C4 = pucetdr) doll Replrxtive : = the conclétion fe wie ty aka YQEA- Heer Ho aza > @ dwida ab whith Ls tue thoufort the 5 Nuatton “3 ive « : See fomelnlt :— the condition fox antisynm ebro Ls OLB 6 Beary Pe Hee adh 3 a duhlis b & é 0 > b dwidua ‘ 7 . 2 bda +thuuifont at arctiaymmebic aniitive :- he condlition Lionttin ts a(363 Gcaeek, element = 3 minimal olumind *§23F 70 A tntmal element = nok exist z| o etd B bet R= $ cared, Carb, ayer, Cored» Card 141g) Cbrb), CbiE) Cbg) CHD» BDACIC), Cerf), C19), CohdD, ChE C4), Caeg)» Cored» Cerg), CHADF the hae dapram and find moccima & mintraal elumunt. maximal element = Tae e — mintmat sloment = §0,dg | b Greodest elorurt = Mente elimant = dar not exit, ™ ey Maweee Sart ee @ Let Re FC), 1,2), C113) Crd) CS) (22), rtd, C15), 139, CH), C5153 dra» the hase diagram » maximal elomink = § 413/53 * \ be 5M tadmod elument = £13 aye Loot elamunt = 4 att olumink = das nat exiek x re @ toile the eg g a setation witch fo suplasive but not symmetric, ae z sil dpe clivist bility sulaiton, ‘at gulaton, "=! sulakion aubset incluston swlation wu syplealve but not ymmuke: : © tet a=u093 unde all the foutble 2 slag diginea on. set A. dalutton- axA=g Cul), C29, C2N102293 Taal sulodt gta l6 P 4 $2,202, e529 (4/293 Rab, Raz ECuade, RazEC2#, REX REZ FCA, CUR Ra ECwt) DE > R= $C), C2128, Qg=¥ C1) CS Rig =F C129;C21998, Ry =F CANCE Rwe$ Cord, C42), CE Rig 2 $ CUD, Cu29, 21292, ea § C29, C2 PIE» pigs Hide CADE Ryes F Cu, C29, C2NdjCAIDF. She supltaive gulottons= Re 1 Rig: Ris Rs the aymnateio yolations = Rai Re, RO, R9, @ Give an i gs lation whith de sopode ort agin bu Sronite. sheliction - Aa Gnwsh 9 3 aE C0, C212)) C2) Cuy3d) C2) C329 12199 F ound & Round $— Let (0, 4) be a POSET “ard pch, the element “2 4 callid the apo bound fw H [em v96A)- Lee O= €112,3/4,6.8112. 24% 4 Le 1) be & poséT. the hawse dingo Rin Rh, RG Js given below a rf e a i 8 2 at \¢ 3 om ly bs : “ | 4 is lee a>$ 23%, the fe dust ound Y Aa geiiret becune 24f elt. PEO £4.32 the “upper: bourd Y BS §13243- ae == ze 0 le C= F292 jhe upon bourd Y C= aaa or ee Feat ohn bound gf A ve. Lubin =6 beast upp, poe. gave. Auh(®) = 12 g Keaxt fpr bound oy c 6+. lable) 5 7 Let iat (6,5) be a, SET and nee & dint x Ds coll he lay A “ 0£avaeA For fet te Saat he “dingy tit one set De = £00, lower bound = £211 fe ? = — Joust. po ive. Fe ae ca “ b= £485, Lower bound © = Pf GiaNG wate dower. bound fe. gb Ce)= 4 Lattice 2-4 fruclally oxdinad x28 apd wi ee hos at ond 400 “emits ~ in r sel pe i cn Me, tatty bourd ie. Jub ts vipa yen ee a Soe oars Considin the Poser ahoon by the “hase diagram a ee A he composition fable pore jain: and 6 c Chnation te - = a ai ot ¢ From the composition table i ty Aube has thr deant hin ow oh thovifoht Hu above poret BS adatiee. )- Contd. the Poset Sifpusented. ty the. fue sug idl below,- the f oe He hove poset ts fot 0 Lobkice ie i aa ee now He fait gap HY (Dyy1 Hd Oetumint whitfun 2 ts a “Lattice on Dap = ft dan hiag 30 Corposife, toble - KD" 3 5. oa'0 de eo. ag S 5 = 10-15 730 “4 6 le 6 I5 30 30 os" 6 eso lS 50 tors > Sey lo As #50 6 6 30 6 30 30% 30 to fo 30 lo 30 lo 3° 30 4 -\ Bi ates 20° 30 ; 6 | : aes el S| Rs \0 | = isialss for the above: poser % ae | tigo clomunt aubsel hos deast upp bows CK goin cpretorDona, pre dower. bourdl twopose< the: above “poset 44 9 ie: . . | Gro, Hie awe dliagrain Ce. ogee es 2 lotion on nat- hs ‘ © Day-2 £1,2,3,4,6, 4, 2925 2 pane x : ‘ 4 Re a Cage iq af 42 io, ae Pe peace Ber aie ee. gi SN eed Sips 6 eee be Lge y afar 42 ap 42 2 oe ge a 40/42 eee €2 42 $2 ee tn a (4 4 14 Qh y4 Te peq fake 2] 421 2 Feed ae kena 42 bo dattice - ee ae ata GOEL Bn etyount ino atte Oe S Hakan ont colts corre’ E* : [eee ger] 4 (enone) hs a al [aute the pase diagram 3s x Now, iw42=42 1g ee 21 gird 6 2) o a nae) = 42 ™> =e LLL RODS RGE AUR ye. - 4-= ce ya s4n= GE aa PRG = joe By aoe LE oN ae ' g 23h ae es Rap fiqelarny gm 0 raw the hase dit : 2 (Dep). Ys rT By ahh shin ES ase nat Find the eomblomunt | eomunt they extst "Dy, = F aati 12518: 36? a in Ganposizion Sable ~ zs , 4 vo § 2.3 46 9 12 18 36 6 + 1 ee eerie 8-3e 4 3 a 3 o Py Ee CONS ae ee t ——— OPS PANES Aa MB IS 3 : 44.4 12 4 2 36 12 36 96 ji , 66 6 6 12°6 18 42 18 36 2 ii : 99 18 9 3618 9 36 4g 36 tata SSMS a ty Se oprsee cen ee zs * (6 16 18 18 3¢ Ig 19 3¢ (8 36 = 36 36.36 26 36°86 36°36 36 36 en Foy et eZ 36-5 haa alae ace Niet 2s ee SOR eee Seg TS. SS eee Pe eee. 1 Feo Aa Gi 3 me G2 eee Dae dt ole ed ea, ae es oS eG, Sey to } te eT 6 Fe orriee Ye,2 3 ¢ 69 1m 184 86 Fon Hu above PoSeT evoy two clorunt Ree Wind Subset hor the Ligit upp bound Aid, gi : 4 tre above pote fs a daitice, on the complurant 4 213,6,12418 cloes nat Sy Ay ‘exist for the : @ Flnd the, combununt every elomint Hf ; : hate cing oor ge below. a 3 =: AS is J i of! oviel= GE! 4 ' t OAL 20 2 LE iavb=l anb=o0 cvazt _stNb=t od G the She Late cAazo CAb=0 © fon the haue oun. elymunt ¥ a eee ee ave =! aKc=0 tow find tu comblumsnt of qn be tin xh. they E jan ihe oviet = G6 a OKO HLF te ; QNb = 1 oevd= We aad + PON bye, CNAEO, dad ; evd=1 ' , acd aeb ead ee bis a" dsc d? za. d'ze! CV bel « a's bids ‘ Cr b 20 ee aes bie aici hinmtidichiarshie 7 evenness ol lia hattice ¢- duast elonert ard 4 elamurt. 1 ix Called combonented he oyouy elumarc tn the dattice har comploment: (Den 1) 28 a complemented Jostice became weuy eomut 405 ee a (Ds6,/) is not complemented Jobtin became the complinut 2131612418 doer not exthb. ©, Geleru Qelenmine whittur (Dgo/) Js & Heine Jatt on not 4 aes find the complamented 4f ih, Jee Dag = £11213,5)6110, 1, 308 a “a 30246 as ret 6 © pia ee 2 7s : LELe (v302302G6 °‘4’230 IA30z1 cL€ ‘So's1anise s0 qe 3'215 Byg230 s'36 2nIg= 2 2Lé 16'2 5A6 =| cine 3VI0O = 30 gixte . ga tol 23 Gisbibbitive sade - 4 tattice C1,<) Ls cabled a disbeibdive tatty for tiny elmer a,r.cen st Mtoe the polloatg Po ANC bAC) =(avb) A Cave) ‘ © fon AACbVC) = (aAb) V(AAC) : the hasse dit tin “Velo. “Bitocminn thither Le axe ean at a | ee Labitte 45 be clistitbutive it Ahould a ES Aakishy Hh follmatng oarebity condction © “© VCC) = Cavb) a Cave) eer : ACbvC) = Canb)v (anc) ; 3 ae io th “above halle ddagam abc EL. for dishitbutfe | aufpg — AVCEAC) = Cavey a Cave) Zi oe . Bovos sie TS ei (av) a Caves * ” ) ses F 3 er oe it 2a ii meal sit i LHS 2 RHG Mito PEL ene @ Sctomtar —atrttun wire the Anitin ts nat dlstriburie Daa = $162/3,6/4, 14,2142 42 (ri) a oliaty nibute ie Lothia on rot. 6 2 “3 4 Fat a dite sp be dlthtbulte Dt should sattety the fouscing condition -© avcbnc) = Cavb)ntave) LHS 3 avcbac) RWS 9 (293) A (ava) ye Boy ike 3 eit: cet 22Vh a 2 oe LHS = RES an (bye) = Carb) vianc) & LHS 9 @aCbve) RS hak SEP a alV pat 4 eh “ LMgsRugjuntfoxt the Jottce ds disbubudtve . = © Fe the haste, digtom eo below ditomint uhiHus Se is dicbabude 4 p A in oO Let qemy bane C#m - ae 2 , fora Ladtice” dn» be distributive Le Ahould be antiity the lowing condition | © ‘ = 4A(6N9) = (4agyve4nd) ee mage NN Z 2 LHS =RHS thospoow tk Sr disbabudte. ey! Aeon Of 0 Satttce ¢ - ‘ger Mes thon follostg condihions ald » daw ?- ava=a ,anaza i 2 2 Cmmutosic Jay ¢ Qvb=bva, Onb=bAa , if D Arseciotive Jaw 2 AV(bVC) = Cavbyve 4 CanCbnO)=COAB)AC al 9) Absospion Jaw s— [ax Cove) =a], [avonb) =a] 2 © Gt ko tetinuie dodttee ind enalplannn®, oly a a b in L and anb'so, Hun show thot Bol8 4 on 6 Given thot anbi=o ‘ wha {OAb)vb=EOVb = SF oe bV(anb') = 6 CYA) ACB) =b, (cavb=1 saieuleiian {ONbJ AL =b anb=o ) avb=b Shae 3 4b Ge, =Je s Note s— © avis, iy an aaa = @ ano= wed, ) Jno. dittibudtive Jatice an elumut had a Nir Hun that compliant ant Molution- Let (1,2) be a tottibe . bet aer fun. we hue Jo prove that ac” H bec are the “complumints Mat Then avb=1 Ganb-o. AVE HI eon elcie \ a eis Fits Gy dishibutive 5 ey =@ab)v(bacy (By * commutotive doug) * = 8 vCbac) Ur aNb20) = (8AQy C bag = (Cra) VCCAb) 2 CA (avb) 2 ont B hn b= 0 proved. ‘ ‘ “ine be ham pore HE SSeS th. Complarrirt Bb ung. ‘ és +fon GL ds 0 dishibutive & completed = dattin Hun prove that @M-av (a'nb) = AVb Bana (avb) sank LHS 3 av¢a'ab) Ls 3° an(a'vb) = (ava') A(aVb) Zs (Ana) V(anb) 2. 1A(avb) = vCanb) = @Nb = 50 LHS = WHS proved “Ls = RHS proved @ Yaw tne hawse diagram oe Commu Gekrunine whithin Et Complurant ed. Jattice Sx not. alto “ddteumine disbributive fle Dog = £1213, 4,6, 8.12, 245 | & = ie 4 6 = 3 t cS : NIG = 24 " eee. 3 Oh tll ada ae 4 i aV(bAC) = =(avb)A LHS 2 av(bAC) RHS 3 (avb) A Cave) tet o=2,-b=27coe = C2va) AC2NG) ve LAG = 2V(3A6) 1 ee 6 butive - Lug # RHS seo # the “lotttce snot dsb Medulon Iabtice 2— A Jaffe (Let) 4 for all abic€l, and ate we QvCbac) = eee AC D-Vdoonine whethor she, non sa in ven aafiie La mrodulon orf wat a -,. Fon, the above. Jabtice pgh moduler, “ge shail Condition avcbac)=Cavbac whwe ac for the hase diayam a=m ben, ae,piss Q@VC(bAC) © Rus (avb) ac : = = ™naq) = (minjng, q P aC = IKy m err, ; tg, o Lus Rus | Fhusiora the Jattce Ts nat modular © Gelewmine whither (Dgai 1) daa. moduler Initia. oF Mah — Me = 41, 218, 6,4,14,91/49 3 2 wy 42 6 £2 Se re 4 “2 3 : oa ie 1 "3 Fon the above Lattice do be moduln 2 Ahould adlisfy the following condition, av(bac) = CavbyAc, aXe : let a=2, b=3,C=6 whe 226 ~ LHs3 avcbac) —«RHS9 CaVbJac.. _ 5, ae 3 2v(3A6) 3 QVIAG = 42 22 1 sal 3 2y3, STEEN GF $22 5 ole 3 6 2s aay pat ae, LHS=RHS dhwujors the given Lattice Js modular. lattice. feng Cl 2 Seine ea a aA ite Dag = £1 23/4)6,6,12, 243 wh ade ie nog 8 12 oP i ( = 4 6 G Pe above alte to be madslon Pia Condition. gy cbrc)= CavbiAc whou asc ; j : | | rics | Let a=2,b23,c=6 2<6¢ LHS Av(bAC) RHS3 Cavb)Ac ) 3 2V(3NG) 3 (2V3)AG a > ae ‘ 2. _ - gy ne 2 ts modulan Lattice . : | “© Prove trot the i eae modular Aattice - 4’ lee Q=@, beb, Cec whut asc errors LHsa avCbac) RHSS (AVEIAC a Z 2 avo SLAC 7 7 a Seve " ihe | LHS §RHS Anoufoge “he lattice Js not modulan, fattice . 6 deleinine hath tre dotitee gts belao ls modular oy nok. x Zz fer the ata Lattice to be modulosu.t. Ahould (avbjne whut 2040 tordtiion av(bAc) = “st 4 ret ets bya Ore ae saaieiee LHs3 avebag, RUSS CQVE)AC | . 5 xVCyAL) SAT ae ee ee Hike gt 3 xvy 28 aside ee ae a4 aS. TP, lee % LAS= RHS Thowane the gin Jotita modi Jathice . ubslattce 2— A con onbly subset! MG site Ue) J - $e Q sub-Jaie ip ~m is closed “hth swpeck fo gata. ov) on meek Ca) opiration . ay Fz ; Fon example -(Dao.!) 3 a_ tattice yer. Te a Dag 2 §42:2:5:6.10,18,363 : TO ae Ta eee 2 £93 £43 ¢ ay eres were t2y £22 §2% $23 gz] ee gu} ERY guy ge Gag furt}¢ > fuzz gues tye? (1 g2E Suing f2ylo $236 EZR GR Fede Eteaee Saag Ef 24ZH) gS 493 FF. ERE LyuZF - FM —- FWY ZF we Caer Y + eee e os Foi poset ‘olomenk aubset has onan wre bound. feeble above poset} as a Ke & Ch HE - My= $, $23, $23, 2%238 Ms 2%, $2, £213, $92%, Mo= 2 24%, $28, T4283 Bae, $>, 428, $242, £24,223, Me= $4, $23, $227, 224233 Fox. dithibdttve ond complamantid. lattice cavb) = ain bi a ie i oli Uishibulive ard. _compamarded. Ge. i wall the ditthibolve Jain ond eve ctorent wail ave he Com, . We hae so prove that Cavb)'= a'nb! a {cine ii the complmnt of avb’ shen we hope ote ad thot @)-Cavb) v(a'nb!) = 1 b)-Caub) A (a'ab!) =O | Breve of poxt a te Cavbyv(a'nby=! . « “ LHS. 3 Cavbywa'nb!) : ; Lee avb=x, aly, bi 22 a x VCHAZ) (avy) n(n) by disbiibusive a1 (avbva') a (avbvb') (AVA Vb) ACavbVb') Sh RASoe pot: b te. penne ed Cavby A Cala b')- — ALIAS e > Cen etan) se F SC bAaY VLaybaby) ereot ee nee? z ee Covbirt 5 4 « Finals n(2vb) gets bo ee ae EE ag IEE ee, sae “3 “En Cyva) aif ed Fo ong) Caney F , eT ee ee PES SeEOROAD'IN COABAD) Oc. ~~ otue ~ 3" Coab!)V Caine) i é OOD : 26 or : @ Prove that Canb) = v5" . $f aly! ds pe comploninded fan thin ve have b bron thak~ ay (Qnb)V Colve)e4 bi Y= Canby A (alvblyz0 yr; ‘ hee af PORE B"Ce. Canbyvcdveye1 = ee LHS 3 Canb)W Ca'vb') ; 4 (avb vcanby By pbhieidstie vi: : ‘a Let qvblax, ary be az a2 : PVN ATT NAT eal ty SF evyyn Co hon 4 CavblyaraCavblvby - 5 Calva vey a (tve) bd Bast» 4 2 3 tat ‘a hs 4 1 > RAs