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Linear Equations

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14 views4 pages

Linear Equations

Uploaded by

leahgracefernandez321
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MGT 1 – MANAGEMENT SCIENCE

CHAPTER 2: SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES

LEARNING OUTCOMES
 Define and differentiate between linear equations and linear inequalities.
 Solve systems of linear equations using the substitution and elimination methods.
 Graphically represent and interpret solutions to systems of linear inequalities.

LINEAR EQUATIONS
A linear equation is a mathematical equation that represents a straight-line relationship between
variables. It can be written in the form ax + by = c, where a and b are constants and x and y are
variables. The coefficients a and b determine the slope of the line, and c is the constant term. Linear
equations are fundamental in mathematics and have wide applications in various fields, including
science, engineering, economics, and management.

Standard Form of a Linear Equation:


The standard form of a linear equation is ax + by = c, where
 a and b are constants, and a is typically not equal to 0
 x and y are variables
 c is a constant term

Other forms of expressing linear equations


Slope intercept form: y = mx + b
Point-slope form: y - y1 = m(x - x1)
Two-intercept form: x/a + y/b =1
𝑦−𝑦 𝑦 −𝑦
Two-point form: 𝑥−𝑥1 = 𝑥2 −𝑥1
1 2 1

Solutions of Equations in Two Variables


A solution of an equation in two variables, x and y, is an ordered pair of real numbers with the
following property: When the x coordinate is substituted for x and the y coordinate is substituted
for y in the equation, we obtain a true statement.

Example 1:
Determine whether each ordered pair is a solution of the equation
x - 4y = 14
a. (2, -3) b. (12, 1)

Example 2:
Find the five solutions of
y = 2x – 1
Select integers for x, starting from -2 and ending with 2.
Types of System of Linear Equations
1. Consistent and Independent System: A consistent and independent system of linear equations
has a unique solution. This means that the equations represent distinct lines in a two-dimensional
space and these intersect at a single point. In a consistent and independent system, there is one
unique solution that satisfies all the equations simultaneously.

2. Inconsistent System: An inconsistent system of linear equations has no solution. This situation
occurs when the equations represent parallel lines in a two-dimensional space that do not intersect.
Inconsistent systems indicate that the given set of equations is contradictory and cannot be
simultaneously satisfied.

3. Consistent and Dependent System: A consistent and dependent system of linear equations has
infinitely many solutions. This happens when the equations represent coinciding lines in a two-
dimensional space. In this case, the equations are linearly dependent, meaning one equation can be
obtained by linearly combining the other equations. The common solution space forms a line (in two
dimensions).
Methods of Solving System of Linear Equations
Graphical Method: In the graphical method, you graph each equation on the same coordinate
plane and find the point of intersection. The point of intersection represent the solution to the
system.
Example 3: Solve the system by graphing.
𝑥+𝑦 =2
3𝑥 − 𝑦 = −2

Example 4: Solve the system by graphing.


𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 4
𝑥 = 2𝑦

Example 5: Solve the system by graphing.


2𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 10
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 5
Substitution Method: In the substitution method, you solve one of the equations for one variable
and then substitute that expression into the other equation. This creates an equation with a single
variable, which you can solve to find its value. Subsequently, you can substitute this value back
into the original equation to find the value of the other variable.
Example 6: Use the substitution method to solve the system.
2𝑥 + 4𝑦 = −6
𝑥 = 2𝑦 − 5
Ans. (-4,1/2)

Example 7: Use the substitution method to solve the system.


𝑥 𝑦 1
− + =
6 2 2
𝑥 𝑦 3
− =−
3 6 4
Ans. (-21/10,3/10)

Elimination Method (or Addition Method): In the elimination method, you add or subtract
equations to eliminate one of the variables, resulting in a simpler equation with only one variable.
This equation can then be solved to find the value of that variable. Once one variable is found, you
can substitute it back into one of the original equations to find the other variable.
Example 8: Use the elimination method to solve the system.
𝑥 − 5𝑦 = −12
−𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4
Ans. (-2,2)

Example 9: Use the elimination method to solve the system.


3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 10
4𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 15
Ans. (0,-5)

Example 10: Use the elimination method to solve the system.


𝑦
3𝑥 + = 2
2
6𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5
Ans. No solution (Inconsistent)

Example 11: Use the elimination method to solve the system.


−5𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 9
10𝑥 + 6𝑦 = −18
Ans. Infinite number of solutions (Dependent)

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