Scribd
Upload
33 views36 pages

Maternal and Child Health/ Reproductive Health: DR Aurum October 2023

Uploaded by

sansan438765
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
33 views36 pages

Maternal and Child Health/ Reproductive Health: DR Aurum October 2023

Uploaded by

sansan438765
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 36

MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH/

REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

Dr Aurum
October 2023
1. Maternal Health

2. Child Health

3. Reproductive Health (Adolescent Health)


Learning objectives

At the end of the lecture, the students can be

able to recognize the overview of the

maternal, child and adolescent health


Learning objective and Outline – Lecture 1
At the end of the lecture, the students can be able to
recognize the overview of the maternal health

❑ Maternal Mortality in Myanmar


❑ Why should MCH services be given top priority?
❑ Problems of mothers and children
❑ Challenges of MMR, IMR, U5MR
❑ Why do these women die? (Three delay model)
❑ Safe motherhood
❑ Risk Approach in MCH
❑ Maternal and reproductive health service
Maternal Mortality in Myanmar

Failed to achieve the 2015 Millennium


Development Goal target (113/100,000 LB) of
reducing MMR by three quarters – 1990 vs 2015

Ref:https://www.ceicdata.com/en/myanmar/health-statistics/mm-maternal-
mortality-ratio-modeled-estimate-per-100000-live-births
Why should MCH services
be given top priority?

1. Mothers and children are the majority of the population


2. Children are the future of the nation
3. Children and women are particularly vulnerable and
subject to diseases
4. Most of the diseases associated with mothers and
children are preventable
5. MCH services refer to promotive, preventive, curative
and rehabilitative care services
6. Children are inarticulate
7. The incidence of damage lives with their physical,
mental and social burdens are reduced by decreasing
childhood diseases
8. Problems of children and mothers need special
investigation
9. MCH services must adapt to local needs and
resources and thus need special attention
10. MCH services will ensure and complement the
efficiency of hospital services
Problems of mothers and children

❑ Malnutrition
❑ Infections
❑ Uncontrolled reproduction
Malnutrition

Maternal Malnutrition
! Maternal depletion
! Anemia
! L.B.W
! P.P.H
! Toxaemia of pregnancy

Child Malnutrition
! PEM
! Vitamin deficiencies
Infections
Maternal infections may cause
! Fetal growth retardation
! Embryopathy
! L.B.W
! Abortion and puerperal sepsis

Child
! Diarrheal disease ! Measles
! Respiratory infections ! Poliomyelitis
! Diphtheria
! Skin infection
! Pertussis
! Malaria ! Tetanus
! Tuberculosis
Uncontrolled reproduction

Hazards Of Unregulated Fertility


! L.B.W
! A.P.H
! Severe anemia
! High maternal & perinatal mortality
! Abortion
Challenges of MMR, IMR, U5MR

❑ Improper referral system


❑ Increased abortion rate
❑ Absence of basic EOC (Essential Obstetrics Care)
❑ Decreased AN coverage
❑ Decreased trained person
❑ Nutritional problem
Why do these women die? Three delay model
SAFE MOTHERHOOD

Three Strategies for safe motherhood

1. Decreased number of high risk & unwanted


pregnancy through birth spacing
2. Decreased number of obstetric complications
through AN, during & PN care
3. Decreased case fatality rate in women with
complications through assessing to essential obstetric
care
Six Pillars of Safe Motherhood
Ante Natal Care
Clean &safe delivery
Family planning
Essential obstetric care
STDs/ HIV prevention
Post abortion care
Risk Approach In MCH

Identify intervene reduce the risk

The main objective of the risk approach is


The optimal use of existing resources for the
benefit of the majority of the population

a minimum of care for all and allocation of limited


resources to those need them most
What are High Risk Cases?

Exposed to danger of morbidity and mortality


• Most often the risk factors for mother & fetus are
closely related
• Breech extraction (Risk of fetus is high)
• Maternal heart disease (Risk of mother is high)

Identification and management of High risk


cases
Factors before conception at risk individual
1) Maternal age - less than 18 yrs. More than 35 yrs
2) Maternal education - Illiterate at highest risk
3) Maternal employment - No of working hours / day
4) Parity - Nullipara, Grand multipara
5) Maternal weight - less than 40 kg more than 70 kg
6) Maternal height - less than 4’ 10”
7) Socioeconomic status - Poorer the more risky
8) Housing and location - increased risk in over crowed places
9) Time interval since last delivery - less than 2 years
10) Ethnic group
11) Previous fetus or child loss - one or more
12) General health status - cough, fever, anaemia, etc
13) Presence of medical diseases - diabetes, heart disease
14) Presence of complications in previous delivery
Factors occuring during pregnancy

1- Vaginal bleeding - any bleeding


2- Oedema swelling - pitting oedema
3- Pallor - less than 10 gm/ 100 ml
4- Weight - poor weight or excessive weight gain
5- B.P - 140 / 90 mmHg and above
6- Pyuria - positive 2 (+) or more
7- Fetal position - other than vertex
8- Multiple pregnancies - twins or triplets
9- Cephalo - pelvic disproportions
Factors occuring during delivery

1- Length of 1st stage


2- Length of 2nd stage
3- Degree of bleeding
4- Birth attendant
High Risk Children

1- Children from high risk family


2- Low birth weight less than 2500 gm
3- Twin or triples
4- Birth associated with complication
5- Failure to gain weight
6- High birth order
7- Children who are not breast fed
Community Risk Factors

1. Marriage and family formations


2. Cultural patterns, taboo and religious practice
3. Nutrition, dietary habit, availability of food
4. Age distribution of pregnant women
5. Environmental sanitation
6. Acceptability and utilization of available services
Maternal And Reproductive Health Service

Goal
To attain a better quality of life and ensure universal
accessibility of reproductive health and rights by
contributing quality reproductive health care services
through RMNCAH+ approach

Reproductive maternal, newborn, child and


adolescent health (RMNCAH)
Maternal And Reproductive Health Service

General Objectives

To provide quality reproductive health care services


for women and adolescent in order to reduce MMR
and to promote reproductive health and rights of
women and adolescent
Specific Objectives

1. Safe motherhood
2. Family Planning
3. Post Abortion Care
4. Reproductive Tract/ Sexually Transmitted Infections
5. Adolescent RH
6. Cervical cancer
7. Infertility
8. Gender Based Violence
Specific Objectives

1. Safe motherhood

• Increase equitable access to Maternal and


Reproductive Health services
• Improve quality, efficiency and effectiveness
of service delivery at all levels
• Improve responsiveness to client needs
2. Family Planning

• Reduce unmet need for contraception and


unplanned births
• Reduce socio-economic disparities in access
to and use of contraception
3. Post Abortion Care
Strengthen management of miscarriage and PAC
as part of comprehensive RH services

4. Reproductive Tract/ Sexually Transmitted


Infections
Reduce transmission of RTI/STI/HIV including
PMTCT transmission of syphilis and HIV
5. Adolescent RH
Expand reproductive health information and
services for adolescents and youth
6. Cervical cancer
Increase services for screening and treatment of
cervical cancer
7. Infertility
Support access to investigation and management
of infertility
8. Gender Based Violence
Prevent the gender based violence

You might also like