.

Net Core Interview

Simplified:
Mastering ASP.Net Core Full Stack with Angular

Manzoor Ahmed Mohammed

(Microsoft Certified Trainer)
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 3

Index
About the Author ..................................................................................... 4
Purpose of the Book ................................................................................. 5
Who This Book Is For ................................................................................ 6
How to Use This Book............................................................................... 7
Mastering SQL: ......................................................................................... 8
Mastering C# .......................................................................................... 23
Mastering Entity Framework .................................................................. 61
Basics of Front-End Development: Mastering HTML, CSS, Bootstrap,
JavaScript, jQuery, and JSON .................................................................. 75
Mastering ASP.Net MVC Core ............................................................... 112
ASP.NET Core ........................................................................................ 144
ASP.NET Core Web APIs ........................................................................ 150
Angular 17 ............................................................................................ 169
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 4

About the Author

Mohammed Manzoor Ahmed is the founder of MTT and a
distinguished Microsoft Certified Trainer with over a decade of
specialized experience in MS .NET technologies. His career spans
more than 15 years as a software development trainer, during
which he has established himself as a knowledgeable and engaging
educator.

Manzoor's expertise is multifaceted, encompassing both

development and education within the MS .NET ecosystem. His
passion for teaching complex technologies is evident in his ability
to simplify intricate concepts, making them accessible to learners at
all levels.

As an author, Manzoor has garnered recognition for his award-

winning articles on Code Project, demonstrating his ability to
communicate technical concepts effectively through writing. His
impact extends to the digital realm, where his YouTube channel has
amassed over 2 million views and 13,000 subscribers, further
showcasing his talent for delivering valuable educational content.

Manzoor's approach to education is centred on demystifying

complex ideas, ensuring that his students gain a deep and practical
understanding of the technologies they are learning. His extensive
experience, coupled with his commitment to clarity in teaching,
makes him a trusted guide for those embarking on their journey in
.NET development.
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 5

Purpose of the Book

The purpose of a book focused on "Mastering ASP.NET Core" and
"Full Stack with Angular" would typically include the following
objectives:
Comprehensive Learning: Provide a structured and thorough
understanding of ASP.NET Core and Angular, guiding readers
from basic concepts to advanced topics.
Skill Development: Equip readers with practical skills necessary
for building robust, scalable web applications using ASP.NET Core
for the backend and Angular for the frontend.
Hands-On Projects: Offer real-world examples and projects that
allow readers to apply what they've learned, reinforcing their
understanding and confidence in working with both technologies.
Problem-Solving: Address common challenges and pitfalls
encountered during development, along with best practices and
solutions to enhance coding efficiency and application
performance.
Career Advancement: Prepare readers for job interviews and
professional work environments by covering topics that are
commonly discussed in the industry, thus improving their
employability in full stack development roles.
Integration Insights: Illustrate how to effectively integrate ASP.NET
Core and Angular for seamless communication between the client and
server, ensuring a solid understanding of full stack architecture.
Up-to-Date Information: Provide insights on the latest features
and updates in both ASP.NET Core and Angular, keeping readers
informed about current industry standards and practices.
Overall, the book aims to serve as a valuable resource for
developers looking to master both ASP.NET Core and Angular,
enabling them to create full stack applications confidently.
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 6

Who This Book Is For

Aspiring Developers: Individuals with little to no programming
experience who wish to learn full stack development and start a
career in web development.

Web Developers: Frontend or backend developers looking to

expand their skill set and gain proficiency in both ASP.NET Core
for server-side development and Angular for client-side
applications.

Software Engineers: Professionals seeking to update their

knowledge with the latest frameworks and tools in order to create
modern, responsive web applications.

Computer Science Students: Students studying computer science

or related fields who want to supplement their academic
knowledge with practical skills in full stack development.

Technical Professionals: Individuals in non-development roles

(such as product management or IT) looking to gain a better
understanding of web technologies to improve collaboration with
development teams.

Full Stack Enthusiasts: Developers who want to deepen their

knowledge of both ASP.NET Core and Angular to become
proficient in creating complete web solutions.

Job Seekers: Those preparing for interviews in web development,

particularly in roles requiring knowledge of both ASP.NET Core
and Angular, to enhance their marketability and job readiness.

By identifying these target audiences, the book can tailor its content
to meet their specific needs and learning objectives, ensuring a
more effective educational experience.
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 7

How to Use This Book

To make the most of this book, we recommend the following approach:

1. Read Each Chapter Sequentially: Each chapter builds on the

concepts introduced in previous sections. While you're free to
jump around, we recommend reading in order until you're
more comfortable with the material.
2. Hands-On Practice: Programming is best learned through
practice. As you progress through each chapter, take the time
to write code examples provided in the book. Don’t just read
the text—experiment with the code, modify it, and see what
happens. We encourage you to tackle the practice exercises at
the end of each chapter to reinforce your understanding.
3. Take Notes: Keep a notebook or digital document handy to jot
down important concepts, code snippets, and questions that
arise. Writing helps reinforce your learning.
4. Use Available Resources: We will recommend additional
resources throughout the book, such as online forums,
documentation, and video tutorials. These can provide
valuable support and further learning opportunities.
5. Don’t Rush: Learning to program can be challenging, and it is
normal to encounter difficulties. Take your time to fully
understand each concept before moving on. It’s perfectly
acceptable to revisit chapters as you progress.
6. Join a Community: Consider participating in online
communities, such as forums or social media groups focused
on C#. Engaging with others who are also learning can provide
motivation, support, and opportunities to share knowledge.
By following these guidelines and approaching your studies with curiosity
and persistence, you'll be well on your way to mastering C#. Let's embark on
this journey together and unlock the potential that programming has to offer!
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 8

Mastering SQL:
Equip yourself with essential database skills to
stand out and excel in SQL Server query writing
interviews!

Master SQL concepts outlined below—such as RDBMS

architecture, tuple characteristics, and the importance of primary
and unique keys—will significantly enhance your ability to excel in
SQL Server query writing interviews. Understanding how to use
joins, aggregate functions, and clauses like GROUP BY and
HAVING allows you to manipulate and analyse data effectively,
showcasing your problem-solving skills. Moreover, proficiency in
creating stored procedures and functions demonstrates your
capability to write efficient, reusable SQL code. By fully grasping
these topics, you'll not only gain confidence but also increase your
chances of standing out in interviews and securing the job you
desire in data management or database development.

Q1. What is RDBMS?

In Simple Words:
An RDBMS is like a digital version of a library that organizes data
neatly in tables, such as books in sections, making it easy to find,
add, or update information.
Professional Approach:
A Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) manages
structured data using tables, relationships, and constraints. It
allows for the storage and retrieval of data efficiently, ensuring
integrity and supporting complex queries with SQL.
Scenario from any ERP Like Microsoft Dynamics, SAP, etc.:
In an ERP like SAP, the RDBMS handles tables for customers,
orders, and inventory, facilitating streamlined operations and
reporting capabilities.
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 9

-- Sample code to create a Customers table

CREATE TABLE Customers (
CustomerID INT PRIMARY KEY,
Name NVARCHAR(100),
Email NVARCHAR(100)
);
-- Sample output after a successful creation
-- Command(s) completed successfully.

Q2. What is Tuple?

In Simple Words:
Think of a tuple as one row in a table with all the details filled in,
similar to one entry in a contact list containing a name, phone
number, and address.
Professional Approach:
In RDBMS, a tuple represents a single row in a table containing
related data points, where each point is aligned with a column in
the table structure.
Scenario from any ERP Like Microsoft Dynamics, SAP, etc.:
In an ERP, when a customer is added, a tuple is created in the
Customers table, consolidating their ID, name, and contact
information.
-- Inserting a tuple into Customers table
INSERT INTO Customers (CustomerID, Name, Email) VALUES (1,
'Alice', '[email protected]');
-- Sample output return:
-- (1 row(s) affected)

Q3. What is Primary Key?

In Simple Words:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 10

A primary key acts like a unique identifier for each row, ensuring
that no two entries can share the same identification number, much
like a passport number.
Professional Approach:
A primary key is a field in a table that uniquely identifies each
record within that table, ensuring that all data entries are unique
and can be efficiently indexed and retrieved.
Scenario from any ERP Like Microsoft Dynamics, SAP, etc.:
In a system like SAP, CustomerID serves as the primary key in the
Customers table, ensuring each customer has a distinct and
identifiable record.
-- Defining a primary key in the Customers table
ALTER TABLE Customers ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Customers
PRIMARY KEY (CustomerID);
-- Sample output:
-- Command(s) completed successfully.

Q4. What is Unique Key?

In Simple Words:
A unique key ensures that entries in a column are distinct, like
everyone in a group having a different email address but allowing
one person to lack it.
Professional Approach:
A unique key guarantees that all values in a specific column or a
set of columns are distinct across different records within the table,
allowing one NULL value.
Scenario from any ERP Like Microsoft Dynamics, SAP, etc.:
An ERP might enforce an Email column as a unique key in the
Users table to ensure no duplicated emails, maintaining clear
communication paths.
-- Defining a unique key in the Customers table
ALTER TABLE Customers ADD CONSTRAINT UQ_Customers_Email
UNIQUE (Email);
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 11

-- Sample output:
-- Command(s) completed successfully.

Q5. What is Foreign Key?

In Simple Words:
A foreign key links tables together by acting like a bridge,
connecting a row in one table to related data in another, ensuring
all references are valid.
Professional Approach:
A foreign key is a set of columns in a table that creates a
relationship between tables by referencing the primary key in
another table, ensuring referential integrity.
Scenario from any ERP Like Microsoft Dynamics, SAP, etc.:
In an ERP like SAP, Orders might include a CustomerID column as
a foreign key linking to the Customers table, ensuring all orders are
associated with existing customers.
-- Creating a foreign key in the Orders table
CREATE TABLE Orders (
OrderID INT PRIMARY KEY,
CustomerID INT,
FOREIGN KEY (CustomerID) REFERENCES
Customers(CustomerID)
);
-- Sample output:
-- Command(s) completed successfully.

Q6. What is Group By Clause?

In Simple Words:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 12

GROUP BY is used to organize data into categories and summarize

it, like grouping students by grade and counting how many are in
each group.
Professional Approach:
The GROUP BY clause aggregates data by organizing it into groups
based on specified columns, often accompanying aggregate
functions like COUNT, SUM, AVG to produce summarized results.
Scenario from any ERP Like Microsoft Dynamics, SAP, etc.:
In an ERP, GROUP BY can calculate total sales per product line,
assisting in inventory and marketing strategy analysis.
-- Using GROUP BY to find total orders per customer
SELECT CustomerID, COUNT(OrderID) AS TotalOrders
FROM Orders
GROUP BY CustomerID;
-- Sample output:
-- CustomerID | TotalOrders
-- -----------+-------------
-- 1 | 5
-- 2 | 3

Q7. What is Having Clause?

In Simple Words:
HAVING works like a filter to show only groups that meet certain
criteria, such as displaying classes with more than 25 students after
counting them.
Professional Approach:
The HAVING clause filters aggregated data returned by GROUP
BY queries, selecting only those groups that meet certain
conditions.
Scenario from any ERP Like Microsoft Dynamics, SAP, etc.:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 13

HAVING might be used to show only those departments in a

company with an employee count exceeding a certain threshold.
-- Using HAVING to filter groups with more than 2 orders
SELECT CustomerID, COUNT(OrderID) AS TotalOrders
FROM Orders
GROUP BY CustomerID
HAVING COUNT(OrderID) > 2;
-- Sample output:
-- CustomerID | TotalOrders
-- -----------+-------------
-- 1 | 5

Q8. What is DateDiff and DateAdd Functions?

In Simple Words:
DATEDIFF tells how many days or years between two dates, while
DATEADD shifts dates forward or backward to set future
reminders or deadlines.
Professional Approach:
DATEDIFF calculates the interval between two dates, while
DATEADD adjusts a date by adding a specific number of units,
such as days, months, or years, vital for date operations and
scheduling in databases.
Scenario from any ERP Like Microsoft Dynamics, SAP, etc.:
In an ERP, these functions might determine project durations or
schedule shipments for 30 days after order placement.

-- Calculate days between two dates

SELECT DATEDIFF(day, '2023-10-01', '2023-09-01') AS
DaysDifference;
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 14

-- Sample output:
-- DaysDifference
-- --------------
-- 30
-- Add 30 days to a date
SELECT DATEADD(day, 30, '2023-09-01') AS NewDate;
-- Sample output:
-- NewDate
-- -------------------
-- 2023-10-01

Q9. What is Join?

In Simple Words:
A JOIN combines data from different tables into a single,
comprehensive sheet, like combining a student roster with their
grades for a complete report card view.
Professional Approach:
A JOIN operation in SQL merges records from two or more tables
based on related columns, facilitating complex queries by linking
datasets with common attributes, enhancing data richness and
context.
Scenario from any ERP Like Microsoft Dynamics, SAP, etc.:
In SAP, a JOIN can merge customer and order tables to list
customers alongside their respective purchases, aiding in sales
analysis and customer relationship management.
-- Joining Customers and Orders tables
SELECT Customers.Name, Orders.OrderID
FROM Customers
JOIN Orders ON Customers.CustomerID = Orders.CustomerID;
-- Sample output:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 15

-- Name | OrderID
----------+---------
-- Alice | 101
-- Bob | 102

Q10. What is Inner Join?

In Simple Words:
An INNER JOIN is like making matched pairs in two lists, showing
only where both lists have items to match; like showing only
students with grades.
Professional Approach:
An INNER JOIN returns rows from two tables where there is a
match in both tables based on specified column conditions, filtering
out non-matching data to ensure only relevant paired data is
presented.
Scenario from any ERP Like Microsoft Dynamics, SAP, etc.:
In an ERP, an INNER JOIN could link sales orders to customers,
presenting only those with existing transaction records, key for
accurate sales reporting.

-- Using INNER JOIN to get matched customer orders

SELECT Customers.Name, Orders.OrderID
FROM Customers
INNER JOIN Orders ON Customers.CustomerID =
Orders.CustomerID;
-- Sample output:
-- Name | OrderID
----------+---------
-- Alice | 101

Q11. What is Left Outer Join?

 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 16

In Simple Words:
A LEFT JOIN includes everything from the first list and matches
from the second, filling gaps with blanks when no match is found,
like showing all products and any sales they have.
Professional Approach:
A LEFT OUTER JOIN returns all records from the left table and
matched records from the right table, with NULLs for missing
matches, ensuring completeness of left table data.
Scenario from any ERP Like Microsoft Dynamics, SAP, etc.:
This join in Microsoft Dynamics can display all customers and any
orders they placed, surfacing customers without recent
transactions for targeted re-engagement efforts.
-- Using LEFT JOIN to show all customers and their orders
SELECT Customers.Name, Orders.OrderID
FROM Customers
LEFT JOIN Orders ON Customers.CustomerID =
Orders.CustomerID;
-- Sample output:
-- Name | OrderID
----------+---------
-- Alice | 101
-- Bob | NULL

Q12. What is Right Outer Join?

In Simple Words:
A RIGHT JOIN grabs all data from the second list, and shows any
matches from the first, padding missing details on the left, like
listing all employees and their department if linked.
Professional Approach:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 17

A RIGHT OUTER JOIN returns all records from the right table and
matched records from the left table, using NULLs where matches
fail, ensuring right table data completeness in the result.
Scenario from any ERP Like Microsoft Dynamics, SAP, etc.:
In SAP, a RIGHT JOIN could display all shipments along with their
order details, ensuring unallocated shipments are highlighted for
inventory checks.
-- Using RIGHT JOIN to see all orders and customer details
SELECT Customers.Name, Orders.OrderID
FROM Orders
RIGHT JOIN Customers ON Orders.CustomerID =
Customers.CustomerID;
-- Sample output:
-- Name | OrderID
----------+---------
-- Alice | 101
-- NULL | 102

Q13. What is Full Outer Join?

In Simple Words:
FULL OUTER JOIN gives you everything from both lists, matching
all pairs and listing unpaired entries separately, like matching
tutors with students but showing unmatched on each side too.
Professional Approach:
A FULL OUTER JOIN provides a comprehensive dataset
combining all records from both tables, filled with NULLs where
matches are absent, making it ideal for complete cross-reference
situations.
Scenario from any ERP Like Microsoft Dynamics, SAP, etc.:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 18

In an ERP such as Dynamics, using FULL JOIN could generate

comprehensive lists of current projects and available teams, even
highlighting unassigned projects or idle teams, guiding resource
allocation efforts.
-- Using FULL JOIN for complete customer-order data view
SELECT Customers.Name, Orders.OrderID
FROM Customers
FULL OUTER JOIN Orders ON Customers.CustomerID =
Orders.CustomerID;
-- Sample output:
-- Name | OrderID
----------+---------
-- Alice | 101
-- Bob | NULL
-- NULL | 102

Q14. What is Self Join?

In Simple Words:
A SELF JOIN is like comparing one list against itself to find
relationships, such as finding colleagues in a company who work
under the same manager.
Professional Approach:
A SELF JOIN links a table with itself, useful for hierarchical data or
comparing similar rows, by creating table aliases that provide
distinct references within the same structure.
Scenario from any ERP Like Microsoft Dynamics, SAP, etc.:
In Dynamics, HR might use a SELF JOIN to display employee-
manager relationships by aligning employees with their
supervisors within the same table, critical for team oversight and
development management.
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 19

-- Using SELF JOIN to list employees and their managers

SELECT A.Name AS Employee, B.Name AS Manager
FROM Employees A, Employees B
WHERE A.ManagerID = B.EmployeeID;
-- Sample output:
-- Employee | Manager
------------+---------
-- Charlie | Alice

Q15. What is Stored Procedure?

In Simple Words:
A stored procedure is a trusted script kept inside the database to
perform regular tasks, like updating inventory or computing
salaries, efficiently without repeating all instructions each time.
Professional Approach:
A stored procedure is a saved batch of SQL statements executed as
a program on the database server, providing enhanced
performance, reusability, and security, especially for complex
database operations.
Scenario from any ERP Like Microsoft Dynamics, SAP, etc.:
A stored procedure in SAP could automate end-of-month billing
processes, reducing manual inputs and errors, ensuring that
invoices are generated timely and correctly, thereby streamlining
financial operations.
-- Creating a stored procedure to list customers
CREATE PROCEDURE ListCustomers
AS
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM Customers;
END;
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 20

-- Running the stored procedure

EXEC ListCustomers;
-- Sample output:
-- CustomerID | Name | Email
-- -----------+-------+----------------------
-- 1 | Alice | [email protected]

Q16. What is Function?

In Simple Words:
A function is like a tiny app that solves specific issues, such as
calculating discounts or determining age quickly, available to use
whenever needed in your data queries.
Professional Approach:
A function is a reusable set of SQL statements that performs
calculations or transformations, returning a single value. Functions
simplify complex operations by converting them into callable
routines within queries.
Scenario from any ERP Like Microsoft Dynamics, SAP, etc.:
A function in Oracle ERP might calculate tax applied to an invoice
amount. By centralizing this logic, it ensures uniformity and
accuracy across various financial transactions, aiding precise and
efficient financial management.
-- Creating a function to calculate discount
CREATE FUNCTION CalculateDiscount(@Amount DECIMAL(10, 2))
RETURNS DECIMAL(10, 2)
AS BEGIN
RETURN @Amount * 0.10; -- 10% discount
END;
-- Using the function
SELECT CalculateDiscount(500) AS Discount;
-- Sample output:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 21

-- Discount
-- --------
-- 50.00

Q17. What is Transaction?

In Simple Words:
A transaction is like a package deal, making sure that every step of
a process is completed correctly all at once—or none of it counts,
like placing a bulk order that’s processed entirely or not at all.
Professional Approach:
A transaction is a group of SQL operations executed as a single
unit, ensuring all operations succeed or fail together (atomicity). It
maintains data integrity by making sure that complex operations
abide by all-or-nothing execution principles.
Scenario from any ERP Like Microsoft Dynamics, SAP, etc.:
In Dynamics 365, transactions are vital for processing multi-step
data updates, like financial transactions, where entries in multiple
tables need coherence, ensuring accuracy to prevent financial
discrepancies.
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-- Transferring funds example
UPDATE Accounts SET Balance = Balance - 100
WHERE AccountID = 1;
UPDATE Accounts SET Balance = Balance + 100
WHERE AccountID = 2;
-- Check for errors and commit or rollback
IF @@ERROR <> 0
ROLLBACK;
ELSE COMMIT;
-- Sample output:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 22

-- Command(s) completed successfully or transaction rollback

upon error.

Q18. What is Scope_Identity() Function?

In Simple Words:
SCOPE_IDENTITY() remembers the most recent unique number
made by the system within your task, so when you add new data,
it knows exactly what ID was just used—like getting a receipt
number right after checkout.
Professional Approach:
SCOPE_IDENTITY() retrieves the last identity value inserted into
an identity column in the current session and scope, ensuring
accurate access to new IDs, particularly in environments with
potential concurrent operations.
Scenario from any ERP Like Microsoft Dynamics, SAP, etc.:
In ERP systems like Microsoft Dynamics, SCOPE_IDENTITY() can
track the newly generated CustomerID when a new customer entry
is created, streamlining subsequent operations like linking orders
to that customer without manual lookup.
-- Inserting new customer and retrieving ID
INSERT INTO Customers (Name, Email) VALUES ('Charlie',
'[email protected]');
SELECT SCOPE_IDENTITY() AS NewCustomerID;
-- Sample output:
-- NewCustomerID
-- -------------
-- 3
These descriptions, sample queries, and outputs provide a
thorough understanding of SQL concepts along with their
application in enterprise systems, depicting real-world utility.
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 23

Mastering C#
Equip yourself with essential C# programming
skills to excel in interviews and create robust
applications for enterprise systems!
Mastering the core concepts of C# and object-oriented
programming, such as objects and classes, empowers you to
effectively model real-world entities in software. Understanding
access modifiers ensures that your applications maintain data
integrity, while grasping differences between value and reference
types enhances memory management capabilities. Constructors
and constructor overloading allow precise initialization of your
objects, helping maintain organized and flexible code. Proficiency
in method overriding, virtual methods, and this keyword fosters
clear and reusable functionality, crucial for enterprise applications.
Knowledge of interfaces and exception handling promotes robust
and maintainable systems, while recognizing the importance of
inheritance and polymorphism enables you to develop systems
that are both extensible and efficient. By embracing these key
concepts in C#, you’ll stand out in job interviews and make
impactful contributions to ERP software development.

Q1. What is an object?

In Simple Words:
An object is like a customer record in an ERP system, containing
details like name and email. It can perform actions such as saving
or updating that information.
Professional Approach:
In object-oriented programming (OOP), an object encapsulates
both state (fields) and behavior (methods) representing a real-
world entity within the ERP context. Objects allow structured data
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 24

manipulation that reflects real-world operations such as customer

or transaction management.
Example in ERP context:
// Define a Customer class
public class Customer
{
private string customerId; //State: Customer ID
private string name; //State: Customer Name
private string email; //State: Customer Email

public void Save()

{
// Behavior: Save action
Console.WriteLine("Customer has been saved");
}

public void UpdateContact(string newEmail)

{
email = newEmail; //Behavior: Update email
Console.WriteLine("Customer email updated.");
}
}
// Create a Customer object
Customer customer1 = new Customer();
customer1.Save();
customer1.UpdateContact("[email protected]");

Q2. What is a class?

 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 25

In Simple Words:
A class is like a template for creating records in an ERP system. It
defines what data fields (like customer ID and name) exist and
what actions (like saving or updating) can be performed.
Professional Approach:
A class is a blueprint in object-oriented programming that defines
the structure and behaviours of an object. It includes properties
(fields) and methods (functions) essential for managing business
data effectively within an ERP application.

Example in ERP context:

public class Product

{
private string productId; //Property:productId
private string productName; //Property:prodName
private decimal price; //Property:price
public void UpdatePrice(decimal newPrice)
{
//Behavior: Update product price
price = newPrice;
Console.WriteLine
($"Price for {productName}updated to {price}");
}
}

// Create a Product object

Product product = new Product();
product.UpdatePrice(199.99m);

Q3. What are access modifiers?

 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 26

In Simple Words:
Access modifiers determine who can use parts of a class in the ERP
system. Some fields can be private (hidden from others), while
others can be public (visible to users).
Professional Approach:
Access modifiers enforce encapsulation in classes by controlling the
visibility of class members (fields and methods). They specify
whether members can be accessed publicly, privately, or protected,
ensuring that sensitive information is well secured in ERP systems.
Example in ERP context:
public class Order
{
private string orderId; // Private field
private string status; // Private field
// Public method
public void SetStatus(string newStatus)
{
status = newStatus;
}
// Public method to get order status
public string GetStatus()
{
return status;
}
} // Demonstration
Order myOrder = new Order();
myOrder.SetStatus("Processing");
// Output: Processing
Console.WriteLine(myOrder.GetStatus());
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 27

Q4. What is the difference between value type and reference

type?
In Simple Words:

Value types hold their own data, like integers or decimals, while
reference types hold pointers to data, like strings or object records,
sharing that data between variables.
Professional Approach:
Value types are stored directly in memory, with separate instances
for each variable. In contrast, reference types store memory
addresses, pointing to object instances. This distinction is essential
for managing data in ERP applications effectively.
Example in ERP context:

// Value type
int productQuantity = 100; // Directly holds data

// Reference type
string productName = “Laptop”;// Points to a string object

Q5. What is a constructor?

In Simple Words:

A constructor is a special method that runs automatically when an

object is created in an ERP system, setting up the initial values for
that object.
Professional Approach:
A constructor is a special method used to initialize new instances
of a class. It can set default values for class members, ensuring that
objects are in a valid state when created. Constructors are crucial
for proper data initialization in ERP applications.
Example in ERP context:
public class Customer
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 28

{
private string name;
// Constructor
public Customer(string name)
{
this.name = name; //Initialize customer name
Console.WriteLine
($"{name}customer record has been created");
}
}
// Output: Alice customer record has been created.
Customer customer = new Customer("Alice");

Q6. What is the use of a constructor?

In Simple Words:

A constructor is used to set up an object when it’s created in an ERP

system, defining initial values and making sure everything is ready
for use.
Professional Approach:
Constructors are critical for initializing objects with default or
specified values upon creation. This ensures that the object is
prepared for use immediately after instantiation, which is essential
for maintaining data integrity in ERP applications.
Example in ERP context:
public class Product
{
private string productName;
// Constructor to initialize the product
public Product(string name)
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 29

{
productName = name; //Set the product name
}
}
// Create a Product Object
Product newProduct = new Product("Laptop");

Q7. What is constructor overloading?

In Simple Words:
Constructor overloading allows a class to have multiple ways of
creating an object, each with different parameters to set up the
object in various ways.
Professional Approach:
Constructor overloading enables a class to define multiple
constructors with different parameter sets. This flexibility allows
for varied initialization scenarios within an ERP system, catering to
different data requirements for object instantiation.
Example in ERP context:
public class Order
{
private string orderId;
private string status;

// Default constructor
public Order()
{
this.orderId = "Unknown";
this.status = "Pending";
}
// Parameterized constructor
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 30

public Order(string orderId)

{
this.orderId = orderId;
this.status = "Pending";
}
} // Create Order objects
Order defaultOrder = new Order(); // Uses default constructor
Order specificOrder = new Order("ORD123"); // Uses parameterize
d constructor

Q8. What is Method overloading?

In Simple Words:
Method overloading allows you to have multiple methods with the
same name in a class, as long as their parameters are different. This
helps in handling various input scenarios.
Professional Approach:
Method overloading permits the definition of multiple methods
within the same class that share the same name but differ in
parameter types or counts. This capability improves code
readability and usability in ERP applications where similar actions
may require different data inputs.
Example in ERP context:
public class Invoice
{
// Method to add item by ID
public void AddItem(int itemId)
{
Console.WriteLine
($"Item with ID {itemId} added to invoice");
}
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 31

// Overloaded method to add item by name

public void AddItem(string itemName)
{
Console.WriteLine
($"Item named {itemName} added to invoice");
}
}
Invoice invoice = new Invoice(); // Usage
invoice.AddItem(101); // Output: Item with ID 101 added to invoic
e.
invoice.AddItem("Laptop"); // Output: Item named Laptop added t
o invoice.

Q9. What is compile-time or static polymorphism?

In Simple Words:
Compile-time polymorphism occurs when a method's version to
call is decided when you compile the code, like using overloaded
methods with different parameter types.
Professional Approach:
Compile-time or static polymorphism refers to method resolution
that occurs during compilation, primarily through method
overloading. This allows the same method name to be used with
different signatures, enhancing code flexibility in ERP systems.
Example in ERP context:
public class ReportGenerator
{
// Method for generating a numeric report
public void GenerateReport(int reportId)
{
Console.WriteLine
($"Generating report for ID: {reportId}");
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 32

}
// Overloaded method for creating a summary report
public void GenerateReport(string summaryType)
{
Console.WriteLine
($"Generating{summaryType}summary report.");
} }
ReportGenerator generator = new ReportGenerator();
generator.GenerateReport(1); // Output: Generatingreport for ID: 1
generator.GenerateReport("Sales"); // Output: Generating Sales su
mmary report.

Q10. What is ‘this’ keyword?

In Simple Words:
The ‘this’ keyword refers to the current object instance in a class,
helping you clarify which properties or methods you are accessing,
especially in constructors.
Professional Approach:
The ‘this’ keyword is utilized in object-oriented programming to reference
the current instance of the class. It differentiates instance variables from
parameters or methods, enhancing readability and ensuring correct
context within methods and constructors in ERP applications.
Example in ERP context:
public class Customer
{
private string name;
// Constructor using 'this' to differentiate param
public Customer(string name)
{ // Assign parameter to instance variable
this.name = name;
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 33

}
}

Q11. What is the use of ‘this’ keyword?

In Simple Words:
The ‘this’ keyword helps distinguish between a class's properties
and parameters or methods when they have the same name,
ensuring the correct reference within the class.
Professional Approach:
The ‘this’ keyword is used to refer to the current instance of a class,
which is particularly useful in constructors and methods to resolve
naming conflicts between parameters and instance variables. This
ensures clarity and proper data handling in ERP applications.
Example in ERP context:
public class Customer
{
private string model;
private string color;

// Constructor chaining using 'this'

public Customer(string model) : this (model,"Unknown")
{
// Calls another constructor
}
public Customer(string model, string color)
{
this.model = model;
this.color = color;
}
}
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 34

Customer myCustomer = new Customer("Alice");

Q12. What is a static variable?

In Simple Words:
A static variable is shared by all instances of a class, meaning it
holds one common value for all objects, which is helpful for data
that does not change.
Professional Approach:
A static variable is associated with the class itself rather than any
individual instance. This means there is only one copy of the
variable that all instances of the class share. This is leveraged in ERP
systems for constants or shared configuration values across
instances.
Example in ERP context:
public class BankAccount
{
// Static variable
private static double interestRate = 0.05;
public static double GetInterestRate()
{
return interestRate; //Access static variable
}
}

// Usage
Console.WriteLine(BankAccount.GetInterestRate()); // Output: 0.05
Q13. What is a static constructor?
In Simple Words:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 35

A static constructor is special; it initializes static variables and is

called automatically when the class is used, without needing to
create an object first.
Professional Approach:
A static constructor initializes static variables or performs actions
necessary for class initialization before any object is created or static
members are accessed. This ensures that class-level data is set up
correctly in ERP applications.
Example in ERP context:
public class Logger
{
public static string logDirectory;
// Static constructor
static Logger()
{
// Initialize static variable
logDirectory = "C:/Logs";
}
}
// Usage
Console.WriteLine(Logger.logDirectory); // Output: C:/Logs

Q14. What is a static method?

In Simple Words:

A static method belongs to the class itself, not to any specific object.
You can call it without creating an instance of the class.
Professional Approach:
A static method is a class-level method that can be called without
creating an object of the class. It is used for operations that do not
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 36

require instance data and is useful in utility functions within ERP

systems.
Example in ERP context:
public class CalculationUtils
{
public static int Add(int a, int b)
{
// Perform calculation without instance
return a + b;
}
} // Usage
Console.WriteLine(CalculationUtils.Add(5, 3)); // Output: 8

Q15. What is a static class?

In Simple Words:
A static class cannot be created as an object and contains only static
members and methods. It functions as a container for utility
methods.
Professional Approach:
A static class is a class that cannot be instantiated; it can only
contain static members and methods. This is useful for grouping
related static methods or properties, especially for utility functions
in ERP applications.
Example in ERP context:
public static class Utility
{
public static void PrintMessage(string message)
{
// Static method for printing
Console.WriteLine(message);
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 37

}
}
// Usage
Utility.PrintMessage("Hello, World!"); // Output: Hello, World!

Q16. What is a property?

In Simple Words:
A property allows controlled access to an object’s fields. It provides
a way to get or set the field values while keeping some control over
how those values are accessed or modified.
Professional Approach:
Properties provide a mechanism to control the access and
modification of class fields, utilizing getter and setter methods. This
supports data encapsulation and validation within ERP systems,
ensuring that data integrity is maintained.
Example in ERP context:

public class Employee

{
private string name;
public string Name
{
get { return name; } // Getter
// Setter with validation
set{if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(value)) name=value;}
}
}

// Usage
Employee employee = new Employee();
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 38

employee.Name = "John"; // Set property

Console.WriteLine(employee.Name); // Output: John

Q17. What is Namespace?

In Simple Words:
A namespace is like a container that groups related classes within
an application. It helps organize code and prevent naming conflicts
between classes.
Professional Approach:
Namespaces provide a hierarchical organization for classes and
other types, preventing name collisions and improving code
organization. They encapsulate related classes, which is significant
in large ERP systems to manage components efficiently.
Example in ERP context:
namespace MyApplication.Models
{
public class Invoice
{
public string InvoiceNumber { get; set; }
}
}
namespace MyApplication.Controllers
{
public class InvoiceController
{
public void CreateInvoice()
{
MyApplication.Models.Invoice invoice = new MyApplication.M
odels.Invoice();
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 39

invoice.InvoiceNumber = "INV001"; // Accessing class withi

n namespace
}
}
}

Q18. What is inheritance?

In Simple Words:
Inheritance allows one class to use properties and methods from
another class. For example, a product can inherit from a base class
called Item, which includes common features.
Professional Approach:
Inheritance enables a class (derived class) to inherit members
(fields and methods) from another class (base class). This promotes
code reusability and a hierarchical organization, which is vital in
complex ERP system designs.
Example in ERP context:
// Base class
public class Product
{
public void DisplayInfo()
{
Console.WriteLine("Product Information");
}
} // Derived class
public class ElectronicProduct : Product
{
public void WarrantyInfo()
{
Console.WriteLine("Warranty: 1 year");
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 40

}
}
ElectronicProduct myProduct = new ElectronicProduct();
myProduct.DisplayInfo(); //Output: Product Info
myProduct.WarrantyInfo(); //Output:Warranty:1 year

Q19. What is single inheritance?

In Simple Words:
Single inheritance allows a class to inherit from one base class only.
For instance, a "SalesOrder" class may inherit from the "Order"
class but not from multiple super classes.
Professional Approach:
Single inheritance restricts a derived class to inherit from only one base
class, simplifying the class hierarchy. This approach helps prevent
complexity and ambiguity in object relationships, particularly in ERP
systems where object interactions can be extensive.
Example in ERP context:
// Base class
public class Order
{
public void ProcessOrder()
{
Console.WriteLine("Order is being processed");
}
}
public class SalesOrder : Order // Derived class
{
public void GenerateInvoice()
{
Console.WriteLine("Invoice generated.");
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 41

}
}
SalesOrder myOrder = new SalesOrder();
myOrder.ProcessOrder(); //Output: Order is being processed.
myOrder.GenerateInvoice(); //Output: Invoice generated for sales
order.

Q20. What is multi-level inheritance?

In Simple Words:
Multi-level inheritance occurs when a class derives from another
derived class. For example, a "Laptop" class might inherit from a
"Computer" class, which in turn inherits from a "Device" class.
Professional Approach:
Multi-level inheritance allows a class to inherit from a class that is
itself derived. This enhances code reuse and creates a well-defined
hierarchy, which is important for organizing complex
functionalities in ERP applications.
Example in ERP context:
public class Device // Base class
{
public void PowerOn()
{
Console.WriteLine("Device powered on.");
}
} //Intermediate class
public class Computer : Device
{
public void Boot()
{
Console.WriteLine("Computer booting up.");
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 42

}
}
public class Laptop : Computer // Derived class
{
public void Sleep()
{ Console.WriteLine("Laptop is going to sleep");}
}
// Usage
Laptop myLaptop = new Laptop();
myLaptop.PowerOn(); //Output: Device powered on.
myLaptop.Boot(); //Output: Computer booting up.
myLaptop.Sleep();//Output:Laptop is going to sleep

Q21. What is multiple inheritance?

In Simple Words:
Multiple inheritance occurs when a class can inherit from more
than one base class. This is not allowed in C# for classes but can be
achieved through interfaces.
Professional Approach:
Multiple inheritance allows a derived class to inherit features or members
from more than one base class. While C# does not support multiple
inheritance with classes to avoid ambiguity, it allows implementing
multiple interfaces, which enhances flexibility in design.
Example in ERP context:
public interface IPaymentProcessing
{
void ProcessPayment(decimal amount);
}
public interface IOrderManagement
{
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 43

void CreateOrder(string orderId);

}
public class Sales : IPaymentProcessing, IOrderManagement
{
public void ProcessPayment(decimal amount)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Payment of{amount}processed");
}
public void CreateOrder(string orderId)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Order {orderId} created.");
}
}
// Usage
Sales sales = new Sales();
sales.ProcessPayment(100.00m); // Output: Payment of 100.00 pro
cessed.
sales.CreateOrder("ORD12345"); // Output: Order ORD12345 creat
ed.

Q22. What is the base keyword?

In Simple Words:
The base keyword is used in a derived class to refer to its base class.
It allows access to members of the base class or to invoke base class
constructors.
Professional Approach:
The base keyword provides a way to access members or methods
of a base class from within a derived class. It is utilized to invoke
base class constructors or to call base class methods, ensuring
clarity and control over inherited behaviours in ERP systems.
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 44

Example in ERP context:

public class User
{
public string Username { get; set; }
public virtual void DisplayInfo()
{
Console.WriteLine("User information displayed");
}
}
public class Admin : User
{
public Admin()
{
//Using 'base' to refer to the base class
base.Username = "Admin";
}
public override void DisplayInfo()
{
//Calling base class method
base.DisplayInfo();
Console.WriteLine("Admin privileges granted.");
}
}
// Usage
Admin adminUser = new Admin();
adminUser.DisplayInfo();// Output: User information displayed. Ad
min privileges granted.
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 45

Q23. What is the use of the base keyword?

In Simple Words:
The base keyword allows a derived class to call methods or access
properties from its base class. This helps reuse base class code effectively.
Professional Approach:
The base keyword is essential for invoking base class constructors
or methods from derived classes, enabling the reuse of
functionality and maintaining a clean inheritance structure. This is
crucial in ERP systems for leveraging established logic while
extending capabilities.
Example in ERP context:
public class Employee
{
public Employee()
{
Console.WriteLine("Employee constructor called");
}
}
public class Manager : Employee
{
//Calls the base class constructor
public Manager() : base()
{
Console.WriteLine("Manager constructor called");
}
}
// Usage
Manager manager = new Manager(); //Output:Employeeconstruct
or called. Manager constructor called.
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 46

Q24. What is method overriding?

In Simple Words:
Method overriding lets a derived class change how a method works that’s
originally defined in its base class. This helps tailor the behaviour to
specific needs, like customizing billing processes in an ERP.
Professional Approach:
Method overriding allows a derived class to provide a specific
implementation of a method already defined in its base class,
which improves functionality based on derived class requirements.
This feature strengthens polymorphism in ERP systems by
ensuring relevant behaviours are used appropriately.
Example in ERP context:
public class Invoice
{
public virtual void GenerateInvoice()
{
Console.WriteLine("Generating a invoice.");
}
}
public class SpecialInvoice : Invoice
{
public override void GenerateInvoice()
{
Console.WriteLine
("Generating a special invoice with discounts");
}
} // Usage
Invoice invoice = new SpecialInvoice();
invoice.GenerateInvoice(); // Output: Generating aspecial invoice w
ith discounts.
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 47

Q25. What is a virtual method?

In Simple Words:
A virtual method is a method that can be overridden in a derived class. It
allows for different behaviours in derived classes while maintaining a
consistent interface, like customizing processes in an ERP application.
Professional Approach:
A virtual method is defined in a base class and marked with the
virtual keyword, enabling derived classes to override it with their
own implementation. This is critical in ERP systems for building
flexible and extensible class hierarchies that adapt to specific
operational requirements.
Example in ERP context:
public class Payment
{
public virtual void ProcessPayment()
{
Console.WriteLine
("Processing payment in the standard way.");
}
}
public class ElectronicPayment : Payment
{
public override void ProcessPayment()
{
Console.WriteLine
("Processing electronic payment securely.");
}
}
// Usage
Payment paymentMethod = new ElectronicPayment();
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 48

paymentMethod.ProcessPayment();//Output:Processingelectronic
payment securely.

Q26. What is a sealed method?

In Simple Words:
A sealed method cannot be changed or overridden in any derived
class. This is useful when you want to prevent modifications of a
method’s behaviours, ensuring consistency.
Professional Approach:
A sealed method in C# prevents derived classes from overriding or
modifying the method’s implementation. This is valuable for
maintaining behaviours integrity, especially when critical
functionality must remain unchanged in ERP systems.
Example in ERP context:
public class Report
{
public virtual void Generate()
{
Console.WriteLine("Generating report...");
}
}
public class FinalReport : Report
{
// Prevents further overriding
public sealed override void Generate()
{
Console.WriteLine
("Generating final report with data compiled");
}
} // Usage
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 49

FinalReport finalReport = new FinalReport();

finalReport.Generate(); // Output:Generating finalreport with all da
ta compiled.

Q27. What is a sealed class?

In Simple Words:
A sealed class cannot be inherited from, which means you can't
create a new class based on it. This is useful for locking down
certain functionality.
Professional Approach:
A sealed class restricts other classes from inheriting from it,
ensuring that its implementation is complete and cannot be further
extended. This is beneficial in ERP systems to prevent alterations to
core functionalities that could lead to inconsistencies or errors.
Example in ERP context:
public sealed class ConfigurationManager
{
// No inheritance allowed
public void LoadConfiguration()
{
Console.WriteLine("Configuration loaded.");
}
}
// Usage
ConfigurationManager configManager = new ConfigurationMana
ger();
configManager.LoadConfiguration(); // Output: Configuration load
ed.

Q28. What is method hiding?

 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 50

In Simple Words:
Method hiding allows a derived class to define a method with the
same name as a method in the base class, but it won't override it. It
hides the base class method in that context.
Professional Approach:
Method hiding occurs when a derived class defines a method with
the same name as a base class method using the new keyword. It
does not override but rather hides the base method, which can lead
to confusion if not properly managed in ERP applications.
Example in ERP context:
public class Employee
{
public void DisplayRole()
{
Console.WriteLine("Employee role displayed.");
}
}
public class Manager : Employee
{
//Hides Employee.DisplayRole()
public new void DisplayRole()
{
Console.WriteLine("Manager role displayed.");
}
} // Usage
Manager manager = new Manager();
manager.DisplayRole(); //Output: Manager role displayed.

Q29. What is an abstract method?

In Simple Words:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 51

An abstract method is defined in a base class and does not have any
code inside it. Derived classes must implement this method,
ensuring they provide specific functionality.
Professional Approach:
An abstract method is declared without an implementation in an
abstract class. It forces derived classes to provide specific
implementations, enforcing a contract and ensuring that certain
functionalities are defined in all derived classes. This is essential in
ERP systems for standardizing processes across various modules.
Example in ERP context:
public abstract class PaymentMethod
{
// Abstract method with no implementation
public abstract void ProcessPayment();
}
public class CreditCardPayment : PaymentMethod
{
public override void ProcessPayment()
{
Console.WriteLine
("Processing credit card payment...");
}
}
// Usage
PaymentMethod payment = new CreditCardPayment();
// Output: Processing credit card payment...
payment.ProcessPayment();

Q30. What is an abstract class?

 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 52

In Simple Words:
An abstract class cannot be created as an object and is used to define
methods that must be implemented by derived classes, setting a
common structure among them.
Professional Approach:
An abstract class provides a base from which derived classes can
instantiate objects. It can contain abstract methods (without
implementation) and concrete methods (with implementation).
This allows for shared functionality while enforcing specific
behaviours that must be implemented by subclasses, especially
useful in ERP systems to maintain a consistent interface.
Example in ERP context:
public abstract class Report
{
// Abstract method
public abstract void GenerateReport();
}
public class SalesReport : Report
{
public override void GenerateReport()
{
// Implemented method
Console.WriteLine("Generating sales report");
}
}
// Usage
Report report = new SalesReport();
// Output: Generating sales report...
report.GenerateReport();
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 53

Q31. What is runtime or dynamic polymorphism?

In Simple Words:
Runtime polymorphism occurs when a method is called on an
object, and the exact method that runs is determined while the
program is running, based on the actual object type.
Professional Approach:
Runtime or dynamic polymorphism allows method overriding in
derived classes, where the method execution is resolved at runtime
rather than compile time. This facilitates flexible and extensible
code, enabling the implementation of various behaviours in ERP
applications according to specific object instances.
Example in ERP context:
public class Notification
{
public virtual void Send()
{
Console.WriteLine
("Sending general notification.");
}
}
public class EmailNotification : Notification
{
public override void Send()
{
Console.WriteLine("Sending email notification");
}
}
public class SMSNotification : Notification
{
public override void Send()
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 54

{
Console.WriteLine("Sending SMS notification");
}
} // Usage
Notification notification;
string notificationType = "Email";
// Assume this is determined dynamically
if (notificationType == "Email")
{ notification = new EmailNotification();
}
else
{
notification = new SMSNotification();
}
notification.Send(); // Output will depend on the notification type.

Q32. What is an interface?

In Simple Words:
An interface is like a contract that defines what methods a class
must have. It doesn't provide the method code, just the names, so
classes can implement their own version.
Professional Approach:
An interface serves as a blueprint for classes, specifying a set of
methods that must be implemented without providing their
definitions. This promotes a consistent contract across different
classes, allowing diverse implementations. In ERP systems,
interfaces facilitate the implementation of varying functionalities in
different modules while maintaining a standard approach.
Example in ERP context:
public interface IDatabaseOperations
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 55

{
void InsertRecord();
void UpdateRecord();
}
// Implementing the interface in a class
public class CustomerDatabase:IDatabaseOperations
{
public void InsertRecord()
{
Console.WriteLine("Customer record inserted");
}
public void UpdateRecord()
{
Console.WriteLine("Customer record updated");
}
} // Usage
IDatabaseOperations dbOps= new CustomerDatabase();
dbOps.InsertRecord(); //Output:Customer record inserted.

Q33. What is a partial method?

In Simple Words:

A partial method has its definition in one part of a class and can be
implemented or not in another part. It is useful for extending
functionality without modifying the base definition.
Professional Approach:
A partial method allows a method's signature to exist in one part
of a partial class, while its implementation may be provided in
another. This promotes a clear separation of functionality,
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 56

facilitating maintainable code in ERP applications by enabling

teams to work on different aspects of classes without conflicts.
Example in ERP context:

public partial class SalesReport

{
// Partial method definition
partial void OnReportGenerated();
}
public partial class SalesReport
{
partial void OnReportGenerated()
{
Console.WriteLine // Implementation
("Sales report has been successfully generated.");
}
}
// Usage would be triggered in a report generationprocess.
SalesReport report = new SalesReport();
report.OnReportGenerated(); // Output:Sales reporthas been succe
ssfully generated.

Q34. What is a partial class?

In Simple Words:
A partial class lets you split a class's definition into multiple files,
making it easier to manage large classes and allowing multiple
developers to work on them simultaneously.
Professional Approach:
A partial class enables a class definition to be split across multiple
files, allowing for better organization and management of code.
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 57

This is particularly useful in large ERP projects where different

functionalities may be developed independently while remaining
part of the same conceptual entity.
Example in ERP context:

public partial class Customer // Part1.cs

{
public string Name { get; set; }
}
public partial class Customer // Part2.cs
{
public string Email { get; set; }
public void DisplayInfo()
{
Console.WriteLine($"Name:{Name},Email:{Email}");
}
}
// Usage
Customer customer = new Customer();
customer.Name = "John Doe";
customer.Email = "[email protected]";
customer.DisplayInfo(); //Output: Name: John Doe, Email: john@ex
ample.com

Q35. What is a collection?

In Simple Words:
A collection is a way to store multiple items or objects together,
making them easier to manage. For example, storing a list of
customer records in one place.
Professional Approach:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 58

A collection is a data structure that allows for storing and

managing multiple instances of data, such as objects or values. This
is essential in ERP applications for handling groups of related
entities efficiently, improving access and manipulation capabilities.
Example in ERP context:
using System;
using System.Collections;
ArrayList customerList = new ArrayList();
customerList.Add("Alice");
customerList.Add("Bob");
foreach (var customer in customerList)
{
Console.WriteLine(customer); //Output:Alice, Bob
}

Q36. What is a generic collection class?

In Simple Words:
A generic collection class lets you store multiple items of a specific
type together, which helps maintain type safety and avoids errors
when handling different kinds of data.
Professional Approach:
A generic collection class allows the definition of collections that
can operate on any specified data type, providing type safety and
reducing the need for casting. This enhances performance and
reliability in ERP systems by ensuring that collections only contain
the intended data types.
Example in ERP context:
List<string> customerNames = new List<string>();
customerNames.Add("Alice");
customerNames.Add("Bob");
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 59

foreach (string name in customerNames)

{
Console.WriteLine(name); // Output: Alice, Bob
}

Q37. What is an exception and how do we handle it?

In Simple Words:
An exception is an error that occurs while the program is running.
We can handle it using try and catch blocks to manage issues
gracefully without crashing the application.
Professional Approach:
An exception represents an error condition that disrupts the
normal flow of instructions during program execution. Exception
handling, using try, catch, and finally blocks, allows implementing
robust error management strategies in ERP systems, enhancing
user experience and ensuring data integrity.
Example in ERP context:
try
{
// Simulate accessing a customer record
string[] customers = { "Alice", "Bob" };
// This will cause an exception (out of bounds)
Console.WriteLine(customers[3]);
}
catch (IndexOutOfRangeException ex)
{
Console.WriteLine
("Error: " + ex.Message); // Handle exception
}
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 60

finally
{
Console.WriteLine
("This block runs regardless of an error.");
// Clean-up action or logging
}
// Output:
//Error:Index was outside the bounds of the array.
// This block runs regardless of an error.
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 61

Mastering Entity Framework

Equip yourself with essential skills in Entity
Framework to excel in interviews and develop efficient
data access strategies for enterprise applications!
Mastering Entity Framework is essential for any developer seeking
to build efficient data access solutions in modern applications. This
powerful Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) framework
streamlines the process of connecting .NET applications with
databases, allowing you to work seamlessly with data as objects.
Understanding concepts like entities, DbContext, and migrations
reduces complexity and enhances productivity when managing
data access in enterprise applications. Grasping the differences
between loading strategies, like lazy and eager loading, further
optimizes data retrieval processes. By leveraging Entity
Framework, you will be well-prepared to tackle data-oriented tasks
in ERP systems, stand out in job interviews, and contribute to
robust application development.
Q1: What is Entity Framework?
In Simple Words:
Entity Framework is a software tool that helps developers work
with databases more easily. It allows you to use C# classes to
represent database tables, making it simpler to interact with data.
Professional Approach:
Entity Framework is an advanced ORM (Object-Relational
Mapping) technology provided by ADO.NET, designed to facilitate
data access in .NET applications. It allows developers to work with
databases using C# objects, abstracting the complexities of direct
SQL queries and enabling easier data manipulation. For example,
in a .NET Core application, the Entity Framework Core can be used
to map C# classes to corresponding database tables seamlessly.
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 62

Example in ERP context:

public class Student
{
public int StudentId { get; set; } //Primary Key
public string Name { get; set; }//Student's Name
public int Age { get; set; } //Student's Age
}

public class SchoolContext : DbContext

{
// Represents Students table in the database
public DbSet<Student> Students { get; set; }
protected override void OnConfiguring
(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
{
// Set your database connection string here
optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer
("YourConnectionStringHere");
}
}

Q2: What are the advantages of Entity Framework over Dataset

and DataReader?
In Simple Words:
Entity Framework makes working with databases much easier than
using Dataset or DataReader. It automatically connects your classes
to database tables, generates a lot of the repetitive code for you, and
provides helpful features like IntelliSense for easier coding.
Professional Approach:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 63

Entity Framework offers numerous advantages over traditional

ADO.NET components like Dataset and DataReader. These include
automatic and simplified mapping of classes to database tables,
auto-generated data access code that significantly reduces
boilerplate code, and strongly typed IntelliSense support for
column and table names, enhancing developer productivity and
reducing errors during coding.
Example in ERP context:
using (var context = new SchoolContext())
{
var student = new Student { Name = "John Doe", Age = 20 }; // Cr
eate new student object
context.Students.Add(student); // Add student to the context
// Save changes to the database
context.SaveChanges();
}
These responses clearly convey the purpose and advantages of
Entity Framework, providing both layman's explanations for easier
understanding and professional insights for depth of knowledge,
along with practical examples from ERP contexts.

Q3: What do you mean by an entity in Entity Framework?

In Simple Words:
An entity is a representation of a database table in your program.
Each record in the table is an object based on that entity, holding
data like student names or IDs.

Professional Approach:
In Entity Framework, an entity corresponds to a class that
represents a table in the database. Each instance of that class
corresponds to a row in the table, encapsulating data and
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 64

behaviour associated with that data. This ORM approach simplifies

database interactions by modelling them as C# objects.
Example in ERP context:
public class Student
{
public int StudentId { get; set; } //Primary Key
public string Name { get; set; }//Student's Name
public int Age { get; set; } //Student's Age
}

Q4: What is DbContext?

In Simple Words:
DbContext is a crucial class in Entity Framework that manages
database connections and operations. It simplifies tasks like adding
or retrieving data without writing complex SQL commands.
Professional Approach:
DbContext is a top-level class that acts as a bridge between the
database and the application. It manages database connections and
provides functionalities for creating, reading, updating, and deleting
(CRUD) operations on entities. DbContext is essential for tracking
changes in entities and managing persistence in ERP applications.
Example in ERP context:
public class SchoolContext : DbContext
{
// Represents Students table
public DbSet<Student> Students { get; set; }

protected override void OnConfiguring

(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
{
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 65

optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer
//Database connection
("YourConnectionStringHere");
}
}

Q5: What is the difference between First() and FirstOrDefault() in

the select LINQ query?
In Simple Words:
First() returns the first record but will throw an error if no records
are found. FirstOrDefault() returns the first record or null if there
are no records, preventing errors.
Professional Approach:
First() and FirstOrDefault() are LINQ methods used to retrieve the
first element from a sequence. First() throws an exception if no
matches are found, while FirstOrDefault() returns null, allowing
for safer querying without the risk of exceptions interrupting
application flow.
Example in ERP context:
using (var context = new SchoolContext())
{
var firstStudent = context.Students.First();
// Throws exception if no student found
var firstOrDefaultStudent = context.Students.FirstOrDefault(); // Re
turns null if no student found
}

Q6: What is the difference between Lazy Loading and Eager

Loading in Entity Framework?
In Simple Words:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 66

Lazy loading loads only the main record initially; other related
records load only when accessed. Eager loading loads the main
record and all related records right away.
Professional Approach:
Lazy Loading retrieves only the parent entity initially and fetches
related entities on demand when accessed through navigation
properties. In contrast, Eager Loading fetches both parent and
related entities in a single query using the Include method,
optimizing database access patterns in ERP systems.
Example in ERP context:
public class SchoolContext : DbContext
{
public DbSet<Student> Students { get; set; }
public DbSet<Course> Courses { get; set; }
protected override void OnConfiguring
(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
{
optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer
("YourConnectionStringHere");
}
}
// Lazy Loading
using (var context = new SchoolContext())
{
var student = context.Students.First();
var courses = student.Courses; // Courses are loaded on access
}

// Eager Loading
using (var context = new SchoolContext())
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 67

{
var studentWithCourses =
context.Students.Include(s => s.Courses).First();
}

Q7: What is the difference between Immediate Mode and

Deferred Mode of Query Execution?
In Simple Words:
Immediate mode runs a query right away when declared and
returns the results, while deferred mode delays running the query
until you actually access the data.
Professional Approach:
Immediate Mode executes a query immediately when it is called,
such as when methods like ToList() or Count() are invoked.
Deferred Mode, on the other hand, allows queries to be defined but
not run until the results are accessed during iteration, which can
improve efficiency in data retrieval processes in ERP systems.
Example in ERP context:
using (var context = new SchoolContext())
{ // Immediate execution
var studentList = context.Students.ToList();
// Deferred execution
var studentsQuery = context.Students;
// Query is defined but not executed yet
foreach (var student in studentsQuery)
{
Console.WriteLine(student.Name);
// Query executes here when accessing the data
} }
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 68

Q8: Can we work with stored procedures in Entity Framework?

If yes, then how?
In Simple Words:
Yes, you can use stored procedures with Entity Framework,
allowing you to execute predefined database commands for
complex operations efficiently.
Professional Approach:
Entity Framework supports the execution of stored procedures,
enabling developers to perform complex database operations
directly. You can map stored procedures to a method in the
DbContext to provide a seamless interface for invoking them
within your ERP application.
Example in ERP context:
public class SchoolContext : DbContext
{
public DbSet<Student> Students { get; set; }
protected override void OnConfiguring
(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
{
optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer
("YourConnectionStringHere");
}
public List<Student>
GetStudentsFromStoredProcedure()
{
return Students.FromSqlRaw
("EXEC GetStudents").ToList();
// Execute stored procedure
} }
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 69

Q9: How do you get the auto-generated value of a column

(Identity Column) of one query to be used in another query as a
foreign key in a transaction?
In Simple Words:
You can retrieve an auto-generated value, like a student ID, using
SaveChanges(). This allows you to use that ID in subsequent
actions, such as creating related records.
Professional Approach:
To obtain the auto-generated value of an identity column in Entity
Framework, you can utilize the SaveChanges() method after adding
an entity. This provides the generated ID, allowing you to use it in
further operations, maintaining referential integrity in transactions.
Example in ERP context:
using (var context = new SchoolContext())
{
using (var transaction = context.Database.BeginTransaction())
{
var student = new Student
{ Name = "John Doe", Age = 20 };
context.Students.Add(student);
// Generates and assigns StudentId
context.SaveChanges();
var course = new Course { CourseName = "Math", StudentId = stu
dent.StudentId }; // Use the generated ID
context.Courses.Add(course);
context.SaveChanges(); // Save the course
transaction.Commit(); // Commit the transaction
} }

Q10: What is the navigation property in Entity Framework?

 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 70

In Simple Words:

A navigation property represents the relationship between two

entities. It allows you to easily access related data, like getting a list
of courses for a specific student.
Professional Approach:
A navigation property in Entity Framework signifies a relationship
between entities, enabling direct access to related data. This
facilitates queries that join related tables, enhancing code
readability and data manipulation when working with hierarchical
data structures in ERP systems.
Example in ERP context:
public class Student
{
public int StudentId { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
// Navigation property
public ICollection<Course>Courses{ get; set; }
}

public class Course

{
public int CourseId { get; set; }
public string CourseName { get; set; }
public int StudentId { get; set; }
// Navigation property to Student
public Student Student { get; set; }
}
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 71

Q11: What are the different approaches to working with Entity

Framework?
In Simple Words:
There are two main approaches to using Entity Framework:
Database First, where you create classes from an existing database,
and Code First, where you create the database from classes you
define.
Professional Approach:
Entity Framework allows for two primary approaches: Database
First, where an existing database schema is used to generate entity
classes; and Code First, where developers define classes first, and
the database schema is subsequently created based on those
classes. Both methods act as effective

Q12: What is a migration in Entity Framework?

In Simple Words:
A migration is a way to update the database schema without loss
of data. It allows you to make changes to your models and apply
those changes to your database.
Professional Approach:
Migrations in Entity Framework manage database schema changes
explicitly. They allow developers to incrementally update the
database without losing data, ensuring that changes to the object
model are systematically applied. This is vital for maintaining data
integrity and synchronization between the application's model and
the database structure in ERP systems.
Example in ERP context:
// Adding a migration
Add - Migration AddCourseTable
// Updating the database with the migration
Update - Database
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 72

Q13: What is the difference between Add() and Attach() in Entity

Framework?
In Simple Words:
Add() is used to add a new object to the database, while Attach() is
used to link an existing object to the context without changing it.
Professional Approach:
In Entity Framework, Add() method is used to insert a new entity
into the context, marking it for insertion in the database upon
saving changes. Conversely, Attach() links an existing entity to the
context, indicating that the entity is already present in the database,
allowing for modifications without queuing it for insertion.
Understanding these methods helps manage entity states
effectively in ERP applications.
Example in ERP context:
using (var context = new SchoolContext())
{
// Add a new student
var newStudent = new Student
{ Name = "Jane Doe", Age = 22 };
context.Students.Add(newStudent);
context.SaveChanges();
// Attach an existing student
var existingStudent = new Student
{ StudentId = 1 }; //Assume ID 1 exists already
context.Students.Attach(existingStudent);
// Modify the name
existingStudent.Name = "Updated Name";
// Only updates the existing student
context.SaveChanges();
}
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 73

Q14: What is the role of the DbSet in Entity Framework?

In Simple Words:
DbSet is like a table in the database but within your code. It lets you
manage and query records for a specific entity type, making data
handling easier.
Professional Approach:
DbSet represents a collection of all entities in the context
corresponding to a specific type. It functions as a primary interface
for querying and saving instances of entities, mapping directly to a
database table. Understanding DbSet is crucial for efficient data
operations in ERP applications as it simplifies access to data
entities.
Example in ERP context:
public class SchoolContext : DbContext
{
// Defines a table for Students
public DbSet<Student> Students { get; set; }

protected override void OnConfiguring

(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
{
optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer
("YourConnectionStringHere");
}
}
// Using DbSet
using (var context = new SchoolContext())
{
// Retrieves all student records
var allStudents = context.Students.ToList();
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 74

foreach (var student in allStudents)

{
Console.WriteLine(student.Name);
}
}
These additional FAQs enhance the understanding of key concepts
in Entity Framework, demonstrating their relevance and
application in ERP systems while maintaining clarity for various
audiences.
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 75

Basics of Front-End Development:

Mastering HTML, CSS, Bootstrap,
JavaScript, jQuery, and JSON
Equip yourself with essential front-end skills to
excel in web development and enhance user
experiences in modern applications!
Understanding the fundamentals of front-end development is crucial
for any aspiring web developer. This guide focuses on key
technologies such as JavaScript, jQuery, and JSON, which are vital for
creating interactive and dynamic web applications. JavaScript allows
developers to implement client-side functionality, while jQuery
simplifies HTML manipulation and AJAX calls, enhancing
productivity. JSON serves as a lightweight data interchange format,
crucial for API integration and data handling. By mastering these
concepts, you’ll be well-prepared to create robust interfaces and
improve user engagement, paving the way for your success in front-
end development roles, especially in enterprise-level applications.

Q1: What is HTML?

In Simple Words:
HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. It’s the basic
building block for creating web pages and helps define the
structure of the content, such as text, links, images, and more.
Professional Approach:
HTML is a markup language used to create and structure content
on the web. By using various HTML elements and tags, developers
can dictate how web content is displayed in browsers. It serves as
the foundation for web development, enabling the integration of
styles, scripts, and media.
Example in ERP context:
<!DOCTYPE html>
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 76

<html>
<head>
<title>ERP Dashboard</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to the ERP System</h1>
<p>This is the main dashboard for managing your resources.</
p>
</body>
</html>

Q2: What are HTML tags?

In Simple Words:
HTML tags are special markers used to define elements within an
HTML document. Tags tell the web browser how to display things
like headings, paragraphs, and links.
Professional Approach:
HTML tags are the fundamental elements of an HTML document
that denote the beginning and end of an element. They consist of
an opening tag and a closing tag, often enclosing content.
Understanding HTML tags is crucial for structuring documents
correctly and ensuring proper functionality in web applications.
Example in ERP context:
<h2>Product List</h2>
<ul>
<li>Product 1: Laptop</li>
<li>Product 2: Monitor</li>
<li>Product 3: Keyboard</li>
</ul>
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 77

Q3: What is the purpose of the <head> tag in HTML?

In Simple Words:
The <head> tag contains information about the web page, like its
title and links to styles and scripts. This info isn’t shown directly on
the page but helps the browser understand how to display it.
Professional Approach:
The <head> tag in an HTML document encapsulates metadata and
links to resources that help configure the web page's behaviour and
appearance. Elements within <head> include the title, stylesheets,
scripts, and meta tags, which enhance SEO and improve overall
web performance.
Example in ERP context:
<head>
<title>ERP Inventory Management</title>
<!-- Link to stylesheet -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
<!-- Link to JavaScript -->
<script src="scripts.js"></script>
</head>

Q4: What are semantic HTML elements?

In Simple Words:
Semantic HTML elements clearly describe their meaning in a readable
way, both for browsers and developers. For example, a <header> tag
specifies a header section, making the structure easier to understand.
Professional Approach:
Semantic HTML elements provide meaningful context to the
document structure, improving the accessibility and readability of
HTML markup. Elements like <header>, <footer>, <article>, and
<section> not only enhance SEO but also aid in creating well-
structured, maintainable ERP applications.
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 78

Example in ERP context:

<article>
<header>
<h2>Monthly Sales Report</h2>
</header>
<p>This report summarizes the sales performance for March 20
24.</p>
</article>

Q5: How does HTML interact with CSS?

In Simple Words:
HTML provides the structure of a web page, while CSS styles it to
make it look nice. CSS can adjust colors, layouts, and fonts,
enhancing the visual presentation of HTML content.
Professional Approach:
HTML and CSS work hand in hand, where HTML provides the
structural framework for web content, and CSS is employed to
define the presentation aspects such as layout, colors, and fonts.
This separation of structure and styling is essential for creating
visually appealing and well-organized ERP applications.
Example in ERP context:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>ERP System Dashboard</title>
<style>
body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; }
.header {
background-color: #4CAF50;
color: white;
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 79

padding: 10px;
text-align: center;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="header">
<h1>Welcome to the ERP System</h1>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Q6: What are forms in HTML?

In Simple Words:
Forms are used to collect input from users on a webpage, like
entering a name or selecting a product. They are essential for online
interactions.
Professional Approach:
Forms in HTML are crucial elements used to collect user input and
facilitate interaction. They consist of various controls such as text
fields, checkboxes, and submit buttons. Properly designed forms
are integral for data entry and user engagement in ERP systems.
Example in ERP context:
<form action="/submit-order" method="post">
<label for="productId">Product ID:</label>
<input type="text" id="productId" name="productId" required>

<label for="quantity">Quantity:</label>
<input type="number" id="quantity" name="quantity" min="1" re
quired>
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 80

<input type="submit" value="Submit Order">

</form>

Q7: What are attributes in HTML?

In Simple Words:
Attributes provide additional information about an HTML
element. For example, an image tag can have a source (src) attribute
to specify where the image is located.
Professional Approach:
Attributes in HTML are key-value pairs within HTML tags that
provide essential information and modify the default behavior of
elements. They enhance functionality and accessibility and play an
important role in the overall structure of sections within ERP
applications.
Example in ERP context:
<img src="logo.png" alt="Company Logo" width="100" height="
50"> <!-- Attributes for an image -->

Q8: What are HTML comments?

In Simple Words:
HTML comments are notes in the code to help developers
understand it better. They do not show up on the web page and are
only visible in the code.
Professional Approach:
HTML comments are used to include notes and documentation
directly within the HTML code. They are not rendered in the web
browser, and they serve as useful explanations for developers
reviewing the code. This practice is important in maintaining
clarity and documentation within ERP solutions.
Example in ERP context:
<!-- This section displays the main logo of the ERP dashboard -->
<header>
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 81

<h1>ERP Dashboard</h1>
</header>

Q9: What is the purpose of the declaration?

In Simple Words:
The <DOCTYPE> declaration tells the web browser what type of
HTML is being used. It helps the browser display the page correctly.
Professional Approach:
The <!DOCTYPE> declaration defines the HTML version and type
of document being used, ensuring that the browser renders the
page in standards mode. This declaration is essential for proper
rendering and behavior across various browsers, impacting the
presentation layer of ERP web applications.
Example in ERP context:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>ERP Application</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to the ERP System</h1>
</body>
</html>

Q10: What is the difference between block-level and inline

elements?
In Simple Words:
Block-level elements take up the full width available and start on a
new line (like paragraphs), while inline elements only take up as
much space as needed and stay on the same line (like links).
Professional Approach:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 82

Block-level elements and inline elements have distinct display

behaviors in HTML. Block-level elements, such as <div>, <h1>, or
<p>, occupy the full width available and begin on a new line,
establishing separate sections in the layout. In contrast, inline
elements, like <span> or <a>, occupy only the space necessary,
allowing them to flow within the surrounding text without
breaking lines. These distinctions are crucial for effective layout
design in ERP applications.
Example in ERP context:
<div>
<!-- Block-level element -->
<h1>Monthly Sales Report</h1>
</div>
<!-- Block-level element -->
<p>This report contains about product sales.</p>
<span style="color:red;">Important:</span> Check stock levels!
<!-- Inline element -->
<!- Inline element -->
<a href="/products">View Products</a>

Q11: What is a footer in HTML?

In Simple Words:
A footer is the bottom section of a web page. It usually contains
information like copyright notices, contact links, or navigation links.
Professional Approach:
The <footer> element defines a footer for a document or section,
and it typically contains metadata, links to related documents,
social media links, or contact information. The use of footer
elements enhances the semantic structure of web applications and
improves the user experience by providing essential information at
the bottom of the pages in ERP systems.
Example in ERP context:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 83

<footer>
<p>&copy; 2024 Your Company Name. All rights reserved.</p
>
<a href="/contact">Contact Us</a>
</footer>

Q12: What is the importance of the alt attribute in images?

In Simple Words:
The alt attribute provides a description of an image. It’s important
for accessibility, helping visually impaired users understand what
images represent.
Professional Approach:
The alt attribute is used within <img> tags to provide alternative
text for images, ensuring that users who cannot see the images can
still grasp essential information. This is crucial for accessibility
compliance and enhances the usability of ERP systems for all users,
including those using screen readers.
Example in ERP context:
<img src="logo.png" alt="Company Logo - Your Company Name"
width="100" height="50">

Q13: What are semantic elements in HTML?

In Simple Words:
Semantic elements clearly describe their meaning to both browsers
and developers. Using them helps give structure to your web page,
making it easier to understand.
Professional Approach:
Semantic elements convey meaning about the content they
encapsulate, enhancing SEO and accessibility. Elements like
<article>, <section>, <header>, and <footer> provide clear context to
the browser and assistive technologies, making it easier to maintain
structured and meaningful content in ERP applications.
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 84

Example in ERP context:

<article>
<header><h2>Product Overview</h2></header>
<p>This document explains the features & benefits of the product
line.</p>
</article>

Q14: How do you use <link> in HTML?

In Simple Words:
The <link> tag is used in the <head> section to connect an HTML
document to external resources, like CSS files that style the
webpage.
Professional Approach:
The <link> element is a self-closing tag used within the <head>
section to associate external resources, most commonly stylesheets,
with an HTML document. This allows for proper styling and
formatting of web pages, which is essential for enhancing the user
interface in ERP applications.
Example in ERP context:
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css"> <!-
- Links to an external CSS file -->
</head>

Q15: What is the <meta> tag used for in HTML?

In Simple Words:
The <meta> tag gives information about the webpage, such as its
description or keywords. It helps search engines understand the
page's content better.
Professional Approach:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 85

The <meta> tag is used within the <head> section of an HTML

document to provide metadata about the webpage. This
information can include descriptions, keywords, authorship, and
viewport settings, which are essential for SEO, behaviour on
mobile devices, and overall web performance in ERP applications.
Example in ERP context:
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8"> <!-
- Sets character encoding for the document -->
<meta name="description" content="This is the ERP system for
managing resources."> <!-- Description for SEO -->
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-
scale=1.0"> <!-- Responsive design settings -->
</head>

Q16: What is the purpose of the <form> tag in HTML?

In Simple Words:
The <form> tag is used to create forms on your webpage, letting
users submit information like login details or feedback. It collects
user input for processing.
Professional Approach:
The <form> tag serves as a container for input elements in HTML,
enabling users to submit data to a server. Forms are essential for
creating interactive web applications, allowing users to enter
information that can be processed or stored in ERP systems for
various functionalities, such as order processing and customer
feedback.
Example in ERP context:
<form action="/submit-feedback" method="post">
<label for="feedback">Your Feedback:</label>
<textarea id="feedback" name="feedback" required> </textarea>
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 86

<button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>

Q17: What are JavaScript and its role in HTML?

In Simple Words:
JavaScript is a programming language used in web development to
make pages interactive. It allows you to respond to user actions,
like clicking buttons or submitting forms.
Professional Approach:
JavaScript is a client-side scripting language that enhances web
pages by enabling dynamic content and interactive features. It
works seamlessly with HTML and CSS, significantly improving
user experience in web applications, particularly in ERP systems
where user engagement and interaction are crucial for effective
data management.
Example in ERP context:
<script>
function displayGreeting() {
alert("Welcome to the ERP System!");
}
</script>
<button onclick="displayGreeting()">Click Me </button>

Q18: What are media elements in HTML?

In Simple Words:
Media elements like <audio> and <video> are used to add sound or video
to your webpages. They let users play content directly in the browser.
Professional Approach:
Media elements in HTML, such as <audio> and <video>, allow for the
integration of multimedia content into web pages. These elements
provide built-in controls for users, facilitating easier consumption of
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 87

rich media, which can enhance engagement in ERP applications where

training videos or instructional audio may be beneficial.
Example in ERP context:
<video width="400" controls>
<source src="instructionalvideo.mp4" type="video/mp4">
Your browser does not support the video tag.
</video>

Q19: What is the role of the <title> tag in HTML?

In Simple Words:
The <title> tag sets the name of your webpage, which appears in the
browser tab. It helps users and search engines identify the content.
Professional Approach:
The <title> tag specifies the title of the HTML document, which is
displayed in the browser's title bar or tab and is also crucial for
search engine optimization (SEO). A well-defined title enhances
user navigation and improves the visibility of web pages within
ERP applications.
Example in ERP context:

<head>
<title>ERP System Dashboard</title> <!-
- Page title displayed in the browser tab -->
</head>

Q20: What is HTML5?

In Simple Words:
HTML5 is the latest version of HTML that adds new features for
building modern web pages, like better support for video and
audio, and improved ways to store data in the browser.
Professional Approach:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 88

HTML5 is the most recent iteration of the HyperText Markup

Language, providing enhanced features and functionalities for web
applications. It introduces semantic elements, multimedia support,
form enhancements, and local storage capabilities, which
significantly improve user experience and application
performance, particularly in complex ERP systems.
Example in ERP context:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head> <title>ERP Application</title> </head>
<body>
<h1>Employee Records</h1>
<video controls>
<source src="training.mp4" type="video/mp4">
Your browser does not support the video tag.
</video>
</body>
</html>

Q21: What is CSS3?

In Simple Words:
CSS3 is the latest version of Cascading Style Sheets, which allows
developers to style web pages with features like colors, layouts,
animations, and responsive designs to improve visual appeal.
Professional Approach:
CSS3 is an advanced styling language designed to enhance the
appearance of web content. It introduces features such as advanced
selectors, media queries, and animations, enabling responsive
design paradigms that adapt to various screen sizes and
resolutions, critical for modern ERP applications to support
multiple devices and enhance user engagement.
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 89

Example in ERP context:

/* CSS3 styles */
body {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
}
.header {
/* Green background */
background-color: #4CAF50;
color: white; /* White text */
padding: 15px;
text-align: center;
}

.button {
/* Blue background */
background-color: blue;
color: white; /* White text */
padding: 10px 15px;
border: none;
border-radius: 5px; /* Rounded corners */
/* Smooth color transition */
transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
}
.button:hover {
/* Change color on hover */
background-color: darkblue;
}
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 90

Q22: What is responsive design in HTML and CSS?

In Simple Words:

Responsive design means creating web pages that look good on all
devices, automatically adjusting to fit different screen sizes, from
desktops to smartphones.
Professional Approach:
Responsive design is an approach to web development that ensures
content displays optimally across a range of devices and screen
sizes. This is achieved using fluid grids, flexible images, and CSS
media queries, which are critical for ERP applications that may be
accessed by various stakeholders using numerous devices.
Example in ERP context:
@media (max-width: 600px) {
body {
/* Change background on smaller screens */
background-color: lightgray;
}
.header {
/* Adjust header font size for smaller screens */
font-size: 20px;
}
}
Q23: What are CSS Flexbox and Grid?
In Simple Words:
CSS Flexbox and Grid are two layout models. Flexbox is used for
arranging items in a single direction, while Grid allows you to
create two-dimensional layouts, making web design easier and
more flexible.
Professional Approach:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 91

CSS Flexbox and Grid are powerful layout systems that provide
responsive design capabilities. Flexbox is optimized for 1-D
layouts, enabling efficient space distribution among items in a
single row or column. Grid is designed for 2-D layouts, allowing
complex layouts by defining rows and columns simultaneously.
Both are essential for modern web applications, especially in ERP
interfaces that require adaptable layouts.
Example in ERP context:
/* Flexbox Example */
.container {
display: flex;
/* Space between flex items */
justify-content: space-between;
}
/* Grid Example */
.grid-container {
display: grid;
/* Three equal columns */
grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
gap: 10px; /* Gap between grid items */
}

Q24: What is the importance of <canvas> in HTML5?

In Simple Words:
The <canvas> tag allows you to draw graphics directly on a web
page using JavaScript. This is useful for creating charts, animations,
or interactive content.
Professional Approach:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 92

The <canvas> element in HTML5 provides a drawable region in the

browser that can be manipulated using JavaScript. It allows for
dynamic rendering of graphics, which is invaluable for
applications requiring real-time visual representation, such as data
analytics dashboards in ERP systems.
Example in ERP context:
<canvas id="analyticsChart" width="400" height="200"></
canvas>
<script>
var canvas = document.getElementById ('analyticsChart');
var context = canvas.getContext('2d');
// Draw a simple bar chart
context.fillStyle = 'blue';
context.fillRect(10, 10, 50, 100); //Example bar
context.fillStyle = 'green';
context.fillRect(70, 50, 50, 60); //Another bar
</script>

Q25: What is the <video> tag in HTML5?

In Simple Words:
The <video> tag allows you to embed video files directly into your web
pages, letting users play videos without needing additional software.
Professional Approach:
The <video> element in HTML5 enables the embedding of video
content in web applications, providing a standardized way to
control playback through built-in controls. This enhances user
engagement, particularly in ERP systems needing instructional or
promotional videos.
Example in ERP context:
<video width="600" controls>
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 93

<source src="training-video.mp4" type="video/mp4">

Your browser does not support the video tag.
</video>

Q26: What is the <audio> tag in HTML5?

In Simple Words:
The <audio> tag allows you to add sound files to your web pages,
letting users play audio recordings or background music directly
in the browser.
Professional Approach:
The <audio> element enables the integration of audio files into web
applications, providing built-in playback controls. This capability
is essential in ERP systems where training materials or notifications
can enhance the user experience and accessibility.
Example in ERP context:
<audio controls>
<source src="alert-sound.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">
Your browser does not support the audio tag.
</audio>
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 94

Q27: What are media queries in CSS3?

In Simple Words:
Media queries are a way to apply different styles based on factors
like screen size. They help make your website look good on tablets,
phones, and computers.
Professional Approach:
Media queries in CSS3 allow you to apply specific styles based on
the characteristics of the device, such as width and height, screen
orientation, or resolution. This is crucial for responsive design,
ensuring that ERP applications are usable across a variety of screen
sizes and devices.
Example in ERP context:
/*Style for devices with width of 600px or less */
@media (max-width: 600px) {
body {
/* Change background for mobile devices */
background-color: lightblue;
}
}

Q28: What is the purpose of <iframe> in HTML?

In Simple Words:
An <iframe> lets you embed another web page within your current
page. This allows displaying content from different sources
without leaving your site.
Professional Approach:
The <iframe> tag enables embedding another HTML document
within the current document. This feature is useful for
incorporating external content, such as reports or analytics
dashboards from other web applications, enhancing functionality
within ERP systems without navigating away.
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 95

Example in ERP context:

<iframe src="https://external-reporting-
tool.com/dashboard" width="100%" height="400px"> </iframe>

BOOTSTRAP
Q1: What is Bootstrap?
In Simple Words:
Bootstrap is a popular front-end framework that helps you design
websites quickly and easily. It provides pre-made components and
styles to make web pages look good on all devices.
Professional Approach:
Bootstrap is an open-source front-end framework designed to
expedite web development by providing a collection of CSS and
JavaScript components. It facilitates responsive design, ensuring
that applications automatically adjust to different screen sizes,
which is crucial for creating user-friendly ERP systems that operate
efficiently across devices.
Example in ERP context:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-
scale=1.0">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/boo
tstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<title>ERP Dashboard</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<h1>Welcome to the ERP System</h1>
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 96

</div>
</body>
</html>
Q2: What are Bootstrap classes?
In Simple Words:
Bootstrap classes are special CSS styles you can add to HTML
elements to apply Bootstrap's design features. They make it easy to
create things like buttons, grids, and forms quickly.
Professional Approach:
Bootstrap classes are predefined CSS styles included in the Bootstrap
framework that facilitate rapid UI design. By applying these classes to
HTML elements, developers can leverage responsive grid systems,
component styles, and utilities that enhance usability and aesthetics in
applications, including ERP systems.
Example in ERP context:
<!-- Bootstrap button class -->
<button class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
Q3: What is the Bootstrap grid system?
In Simple Words:
The Bootstrap grid system helps you create layouts that adapt to
different screen sizes. It divides the page into columns, making it
easy to place content side by side.
Professional Approach:
The Bootstrap grid system is a responsive layout framework based
on a 12-column grid. It enables developers to create flexible and
responsive web layouts by defining rows and columns that
automatically adjust according to the viewport size, ensuring
optimal user experience across various devices in ERP applications.
Example in ERP context:
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">Form Section</div>
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 97

<div class="col-md-6">Information Panel</div>

</div>
</div>

Q4: What is a Bootstrap component?

In Simple Words:
A Bootstrap component is a reusable piece of code provided by
Bootstrap that adds functionality or interface elements to your
website, such as navigation bars, cards, or modals.
Professional Approach:
Bootstrap components are pre-designed UI elements encapsulated
with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript functionality that enhance
application interactions. Components like modals, dropdowns,
tooltips, and alerts simplify the development of interactive interfaces
in ERP systems while ensuring consistent design standards.
Example in ERP context:
<div class="alert alert-warning" role="alert">
This is a warning alert—check it out!
</div> <!-- Bootstrap alert component -->

Q5: What is responsive design in Bootstrap?

In Simple Words:
Responsive design means your web page looks good on any device,
whether it's a phone or desktop. Bootstrap makes it easy to create
layouts that automatically adjust.
Professional Approach:
Responsive design in Bootstrap allows web applications to
automatically adapt to different screen sizes and orientations using
fluid grids, flexible images, and media queries. This capability is
vital for ensuring that ERP applications are accessible and
operational across various devices, enhancing user experience and
engagement.
Example in ERP context:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 98

<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<!-- Responsive columns -->
<div class="col-lg-4 col-md-6">Item A</div>
<div class="col-lg-4 col-md-6">Item B</div>
<div class="col-lg-4 col-md-12">Item C</div>
</div>
</div>
Q6: How do you create a navigation bar with Bootstrap?
In Simple Words:
Creating a navigation bar is simple with Bootstrap. You can use its
built-in classes to set up menus that look good and work well on all
devices.
Professional Approach:
Bootstrap provides comprehensive styles and components for creating
responsive navigation bars. These navigation bars can include links,
dropdowns, and branding, enhancing overall application navigation
readability and performance, especially in complex ERP systems
where user access to multiple functionalities is crucial.
Example in ERP context:
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light
bg-light">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">ERP System</a>
<button class="navbar-toggler" type="button"
data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarNav"
aria-controls="navbarNav" aria-expanded="false"
aria-label="Toggle navigation">
<span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
</button>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse"
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 99

id="navbarNav">
<ul class="navbar-nav">
<li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link"
href="/products">Products</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link"
href="/orders">Orders</a></li>
<li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link"
href="/customers">Customers</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>

Q7: What is a Bootstrap modal?

In Simple Words:

A Bootstrap modal is a popup window that appears on top of your

webpage. It’s often used for alerts or forms without navigating
away from the current page.
Professional Approach:
A Bootstrap modal is a dialog box that overlays the current page,
allowing for user interactions such as confirmations, alerts, or
forms. This feature enhances user experience by providing critical
information or actions without leaving the page, supporting
efficient workflows in ERP applications.
Example in ERP context:
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary"
data-toggle="modal" data-target="#exampleModal">
Launch Modal</button>
<div class="modal fade" id="exampleModal"
tabindex="-1" role="dialog"
aria-labelledby="exampleModalLabel"
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 100

aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<h5 class="modal-title" id="exampleModalLabel">
Confirm Action</h5>
<button type="button" class="close"
data-dismiss="modal"aria-label="Close">
<span aria-hidden="true">&times;</span>
</button>
</div>
<div class="modal-body"> Are you sure you want to
proceed with this action? </div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary"
data-dismiss="modal">Cancel</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">
Confirm</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Q8: What is Bootstrap's grid system?
In Simple Words:
Bootstrap's grid system divides the page into rows and columns,
making it easy to place elements side by side and adapt layouts
across different screen sizes.
Professional Approach:
Bootstrap's grid system is a powerful feature that uses a series of
containers, rows, and columns to enable responsive layout design.
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 101

It facilitates the creation of complex layouts while ensuring that

they adapt fluidly to various device sizes, optimizing the user
experience in ERP applications.
Example in ERP context:
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<!-- Evenly distributed across the row -->
<div class="col-md-4">Product A</div>
<div class="col-md-4">Product B</div>
<div class="col-md-4">Product C</div>
</div>
</div>
Q9: What is a Bootstrap theme?
In Simple Words:
A Bootstrap theme is a set of predefined styles and components that
give a consistent look to your web pages, making it easy to design
attractive applications without starting from scratch.
Professional Approach:
Bootstrap themes are predefined styles that encapsulate CSS,
JavaScript, and HTML components to provide a cohesive design
across a web application. Themes enhance user interface aesthetics
and functionality in ERP applications, allowing for brand
consistency and improved usability.
Example in ERP context:
<!-- Include Bootstrap theme -->
<linkrel="stylesheet"href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/boots
trap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css">
JAVASCRIPT
Q1: What is JavaScript?
In Simple Words:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 102

JavaScript is a programming language used to make web pages

interactive. It allows developers to create things like buttons, forms,
and animations that respond to user actions.
Professional Approach:
JavaScript is a high-level, dynamic programming language
primarily used to enhance web applications by providing client-
side interactivity. It enables the creation of rich user experiences,
allowing developers to manipulate the HTML structure and CSS
styles dynamically. JavaScript is essential for modern web
applications, including ERP systems.
Example:
document.getElementById("myButton").onclick = function () {
alert("Button clicked!");
};
Q2: What are data types in JavaScript?
In Simple Words:
Data types in JavaScript define what kind of data you can store in
a variable. Common types include numbers, strings, and objects.
Professional Approach:
JavaScript has several data types, including:

• Primitive Types: Number, String, Boolean, Undefined,

Null, and Symbol.
• Reference Types: Objects, Arrays, and Functions.
Understanding these data types allows for effective data
manipulation and management in applications.

Example:
let name = "Alice"; // String
let age = 30; // Number
let isActive = true; // Boolean
let user = { id: 1, name: "Alice" }; // Object
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 103

Q3: What is JSON?

In Simple Words:
JSON stands for JavaScript Object Notation. It's a way to store and
exchange data that looks like JavaScript objects, making it easy to
read and understand.
Professional Approach:
JSON is a lightweight data interchange format resembling
JavaScript object syntax. It is widely used for data transmission
between a server and web applications. JSON's simplicity and
readability make it a preferred format for APIs in modern
applications, including ERP systems.
Example:
{
"user": {
"id": 1,
"name": "Alice",
"email": "[email protected]"
}
}
Q4: What is jQuery?

In Simple Words:

jQuery is a popular JavaScript library that makes it easier to work

with HTML. It simplifies tasks like animations, event handling, and
AJAX calls.
Professional Approach:
jQuery is a fast, small, and feature-rich JavaScript library that
simplifies HTML document traversing, event handling, and AJAX
interactions. By minimizing the complexities of JavaScript, jQuery
helps developers create dynamic and efficient web applications,
significantly improving productivity in projects like ERP systems.
Example:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 104

$(document).ready(function () {
$("#myButton").click(function () {
alert("Button clicked using jQuery!");
});
});

Q5: What is AJAX?

In Simple Words:

AJAX stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. It lets web

pages update without needing to refresh, making apps quicker and
more responsive.
Professional Approach:
AJAX is a set of web development techniques that allows for
asynchronous data loading in web applications. It enables web
pages to send and receive data from the server without complete
page reloads, improving user experience and application
performance, particularly in data-driven applications such as
ERPs.
Example:
$.ajax({
url: '/api/products',
type: 'GET',
success: function (data) {
console.log('Products retrieved:', data);
}
});
Q6: What is a function in JavaScript?
In Simple Words:
A function is a reusable block of code that performs a specific task.
You can call it whenever you need that task completed, like
calculating a price.
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 105

Professional Approach:
A function in JavaScript is a first-class object that can be defined
using the function keyword. Functions encapsulate reusable code
for performing operations, enhancing modularity. They can accept
arguments, perform actions, and return results, facilitating efficient
code management in complex applications.
Example:
function calculateTotal(price, tax) {
return price + (price * tax);
}
console.log(calculateTotal(100,0.05));//Output:105

Q7: What is the difference between == and === in JavaScript?

In Simple Words:
== checks if two values are equal but ignores data types, while ===
checks if they are equal and of the same type, helping avoid
unexpected results.
Professional Approach:
In JavaScript, == is the loose equality operator that allows type
coercion during comparison, meaning it converts the values to a
common type before checking equality. Conversely, === is the strict
equality operator that requires both value and type to be the same,
thus preventing unexpected behaviour related to type conversion.
This distinction is crucial for maintaining data integrity in ERP
systems.
Example:

// Output: true (coerces to same type)

console.log(5 == '5');
// Output: false (different types)
console.log(5 === '5');
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 106

Q8: What are JavaScript events?

In Simple Words:
JavaScript events are actions that happen in the browser, like
clicking a button or loading a page. You can write code to respond
to these actions.
Professional Approach:
JavaScript events refer to interactions with HTML elements that
trigger functions or scripts in response to user actions, such as
mouse clicks, keyboard inputs, or form submissions. Handling
events effectively is key for building interactive and engaging
interfaces in web applications, including ERP systems.
Example:

document.getElementById("submitButton")
.addEventListener("click", function () {
alert("Form submitted!");
});
Q9: What is JSON.stringify()?
In Simple Words:
JSON.stringify() is a method that converts a JavaScript object into a
JSON string, making it easier to send data between a server and a
web application.
Professional Approach:
The JSON.stringify() method is used to convert JavaScript objects
into JSON string format. This is particularly useful for preparing
data for transmission over networks, ensuring structured data
exchange between web applications and APIs in ERP systems.
Example:

const student = { name: "John Doe", age: 20 };

const jsonString = JSON.stringify(student);
// Output: {"name":"John Doe","age":20}
console.log(jsonString);
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 107

Q10: What is JSON.parse()?

In Simple Words:
JSON.parse() takes a JSON string and converts it back into a
JavaScript object, allowing you to work with the data in your
program.
Professional Approach:
The JSON.parse() method converts a JSON string back into a
JavaScript object, allowing for easy manipulation of data received
from APIs. Effective use of JSON.parse() is essential in ERP
applications to handle data returned by web services.
Example:

const jsonString = '{"name":"John Doe","age":20}';

const student = JSON.parse(jsonString);
console.log(student.name); // Output: John Doe
Q11: What is jQuery?
In Simple Words:
jQuery is a JavaScript library that makes it easier to work with
HTML elements, handle events, and manipulate the DOM without
writing a lot of code.
Professional Approach:
jQuery is a fast and lightweight JavaScript library that simplifies
HTML document traversal, event handling, and AJAX interactions.
It enhances the development of interactive web applications by
enabling quick DOM manipulation and reducing coding
complexity, which is particularly valuable in ERP systems for
improving user interfaces.
Example:

$(document).ready(function () {
$("#myButton").click(function () {
alert("Button clicked using jQuery!");
});
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 108

});

Q12: What are jQuery plugins?

In Simple Words:
jQuery plugins are add-ons or extensions that provide extra
functionality, so you can easily add features like sliders or form
validation to your web pages.
Professional Approach:
jQuery plugins extend the core functionality of jQuery, allowing for
the reuse of code and enhancement of web page features. By
integrating plugins, developers can augment applications with
advanced capabilities such as UI elements, animations, and AJAX
functions, thereby accelerating development and improving user
experience in ERP applications.
Example:
// Using a jQuery plugin to create a date picker
$(function () {
// Applies datepicker functionality to input field
$("#datepicker").datepicker();
});
Q13: What is the purpose of the $.ajax() method in jQuery?
In Simple Words:
The $.ajax() method in jQuery is used to make requests to a web
server without changing the current page. It’s helpful for loading
data dynamically.
Professional Approach:
The $.ajax() method in jQuery facilitates asynchronous HTTP
requests, allowing developers to retrieve data from a server, submit
forms, and interact with APIs seamlessly. This method is essential
for creating dynamic web applications, particularly in ERP systems
that require real-time data updates without page reloads.
Example:
$.ajax({
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 109

url: '/api/products',
type: 'GET',
success: function (data) {
// Handle success response
console.log('Products retrieved:', data);
},
error: function (error) {
// Handle error response
console.log('Error fetching products:', error);
}
});
Q14: What is JSONP?
In Simple Words:
JSONP (JSON with Padding) is a way to get data from a server in a
different domain using a script tag. It's useful for cross-domain
requests.
Professional Approach:
JSONP is a technique for making cross-origin requests, allowing
web pages to fetch data from servers in different domains. By using
<script> tags and callback functions, JSONP circumvents the same-
origin policy, facilitating data retrieval in scenarios such as
integrating third-party APIs in ERP systems.
Example:
function handleResponse(data) {
console.log('Data from JSONP:', data);
}
$.ajax({
url: 'https://api.example.com/getdata?callback=handleRespo
nse', // Fetch data with callback
dataType:'jsonp',//Specify JSONP data type
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 110

});
Q15: What are JavaScript closures?
In Simple Words:
A closure is a way to remember variables from an outer function
even after it has finished running. This helps keep certain data
private.
Professional Approach:
Closures in JavaScript are functions that retain access to their
lexical scope, even when invoked outside that scope. This allows
for encapsulation and privacy, enabling developers to enforce
secure access to variables, which is beneficial in developing
modular and secure ERP applications.
Example:
function createCounter() {
let count = 0; // Private variable
return function () {
count += 1; //Accessing the private variable
return count;
};
}
const counter = createCounter();
console.log(counter()); // Output: 1
console.log(counter()); // Output: 2

Q16: What is jQuery's .ready() method?

In Simple Words:

The .ready() method runs your code when the web page is fully
loaded, ensuring all elements are available before your script runs.
Professional Approach:
The jQuery .ready() method is designed to execute a function as
soon as the DOM is fully loaded, ensuring that all HTML elements
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 111

are accessible and manipulated correctly. This improves user

experience by preventing scripts from running before the page is
ready in ERP applications.
Example:

$(document).ready(function () {
$("#submitButton").click(function () {
alert("Form submitted!");
});
});

Q17: How do you handle events in JavaScript?

In Simple Words:
You can handle events in JavaScript by writing functions that
respond to user actions like clicks or key presses. This makes your
web pages interactive.
Professional Approach:
Event handling in JavaScript involves attaching event listeners to
DOM elements that trigger specific functions when users interact
with the page. This functionality enhances the interactivity of web
applications and is critical for user engagement in ERP systems
where dynamic user interfaces are necessary for smooth operation.
Example:
document.getElementById("myButton")
.addEventListener("click", function () {
alert("Button clicked!");//Responds to click event
});
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 112

Mastering ASP.Net MVC Core

Q1: What is ASP.NET Core MVC?
In Simple Words:
ASP.NET Core MVC is a framework used for building web
applications. It helps developers create dynamic websites and
applications by separating the application into three main parts:
Model (data), View (user interface), and Controller (logic).
Professional Approach:
ASP.NET Core MVC is a modern web application framework built
on ASP.NET Core that implements the Model-View-Controller
(MVC) architectural pattern. It promotes a clean separation of
concerns, facilitating code organization and maintainability. This
framework leverages features like routing, model binding, and
dependency injection to enhance application development
efficiency.
Example in ERP context:
public class HomeController : Controller
{
public IActionResult Index()
{
return View(); // Returns the Index view
}
}
Q2: How does MVC architecture benefit web application
development?
In Simple Words:
The MVC architecture helps developers organize their code and
makes it easier to manage different parts of a web application. This
separation allows for easier updates and changes without affecting
other areas.
Professional Approach:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 113

The MVC architecture benefits web application development by

promoting a structured approach to application design. Its
separation of concerns enables independent development and
testing of components, improves code reusability, enhances
maintainability, and facilitates team collaboration—essential for
scalable applications.
Example in ERP context:
A payroll application would separate:
• Model: Classes representing employees and salaries.
• View: User interface forms for displaying payroll data.
• Controller: Logic for processing salary calculations and
data submissions.
Q3: Can you explain the role of the controller in an MVC
application?
In Simple Words:
The controller acts like a middleman between the user and the
system. It takes requests from the user, processes them, and decides
what response to give back, like showing a web page or saving
information.
Professional Approach:
In an MVC application, the controller serves as the intermediary
that handles incoming HTTP requests, processes user input,
interacts with the model to retrieve or modify data, and selects the
appropriate view to render the response. This establishes a clear
structure for request handling and facilitates maintenance.
Example in ERP context:
public class EmployeeController : Controller
{
private readonly IEmployeeService_employeeService;
public EmployeeController(IEmployeeService employeeService)
{
_employeeService = employeeService;
}
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 114

public IActionResult Details(int id)

{
var employee=_employeeService.GetEmployeeById(id);
// Passes the employee data to the view
return View(employee);
}
}

Q4: How do you integrate an HTML template into an ASP.NET

Core project?
In Simple Words:
To use an HTML template in an ASP.NET Core project, you add
the template files (like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript) into your
project folder and point your web application to use those files for
displaying the web pages.
Professional Approach:
Integrating an HTML template into an ASP.NET Core project
involves placing the static template files into the appropriate
directory (typically the wwwroot folder for static assets). You can
then link these files in your Razor views or layout files, ensuring
that the design and functionalities of the template are reflected in
your application.
Example in ERP context:
Add an HTML template file dashboard.html to the wwwroot folder
and link it in a Razor view:

<link rel="stylesheet"href="~/css/dashboard.css"/>
<script src="~/js/dashboard.js"></script>
Q5: What is a static website in ASP.NET Core?
In Simple Words:
A static website in ASP.NET Core is a simple website made up of
fixed content that doesn't change often. It consists of HTML, CSS,
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 115

and JavaScript files that are served directly without any server-side
processing.
Professional Approach:
A static website in ASP.NET Core is characterized by serving
content that does not require server-side processing for each
request. Static files (e.g., HTML, CSS, JavaScript, images) are hosted
in the wwwroot directory, allowing for direct delivery to the client,
enhancing performance and reducing server load.
Example in ERP context:
You might create a static report page as part of an ERP that only
displays HTML content without dynamic data fetching:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Static Report</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Yearly Performance Report</h1>
<p>This page displays a static report.</p>
</body>
</html>

Q6: What are actions in an ASP.NET Core MVC controller?

In Simple Words:
Actions in a controller are like functions that do specific tasks when
users visit certain parts of a website. These tasks can be showing a
page, saving data, or processing a form.
Professional Approach:
In ASP.NET Core MVC, actions are public methods within a
controller class responsible for handling incoming requests. Each
action corresponds to a specific endpoint, performing operations
like retrieving data, processing user input, or rendering views
based on the outcome of those operations.
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 116

Example in ERP context:

public class ProductController : Controller
{
public IActionResult List()
{
var products = _productService.GetAllProducts();
// Returns a view displaying the list of products
return View(products);
}
}
Q7: How do views interact with controllers in MVC?
In Simple Words:
Views are the web pages that users see, and they get the data they
display from controllers. The controller tells the view what
information to show.
Professional Approach:
In MVC, views interact with controllers through a Request-
Response model. The controller processes incoming requests,
retrieves or manipulates data via models, and then selects a view
to present the results back to the user. This interaction ensures that
views display the appropriate data as determined by the
controller’s logic.
Example in ERP context:
The controller might fetch an employee's details and return a
corresponding view:
public IActionResult EmployeeDetails(int id)
{
var employee=_employeeService.GetEmployeeById(id);
// Passes employee data to the view
return View("EmployeeDetails", employee);
}
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 117

Q8: What is IActionResult in ASP.NET Core MVC?

In Simple Words:
IActionResult is a type that tells ASP.NET what to show to the user,
like sending back a webpage, a file, or a message.
Professional Approach:
IActionResult is an interface in ASP.NET Core MVC that represents
the result of an action method. It provides flexibility for returning
various response types, such as views, JSON data, redirection, or
HTTP status codes, allowing developers to effectively manage the
outcome of HTTP requests.
Example in ERP context:
A controller action can return different types of responses using
IActionResult:
public IActionResult GetProduct(int id)
{
var product = _productService.GetProductById(id);
if (product == null)
{
// Returns a 404 Not Found response
return NotFound();
}
// Returns a 200 OK response with product data
return Ok(product);
}
Q9: What is the difference between GET and POST methods in
HTTP?
In Simple Words:
GET is used to request data from a server, like opening a web page.
POST is used to send data to the server, like filling out and
submitting a form.
Professional Approach:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 118

In HTTP, the GET method is designed for retrieving data without causing
side effects, while the POST method is employed to submit data to the
server, often resulting in modifications. GET requests append parameters
to the URL, while POST requests send data in the request body, enhancing
security and handling larger amounts of data.
Example in ERP context:
• A GET request might retrieve a list of products:
GET /api/products
• A POST request might submit a new product:
POST /api/products
Content-Type: application/json {
"name": "New Product", "price": 19.99
}

Q10: How are parameters passed to controller actions in

ASP.NET Core?
In Simple Words:
Parameters are pieces of information you can send to a controller
when making requests, like sending a number to tell it which
product you want to see.
Professional Approach:
In ASP.NET Core MVC, parameters can be passed to controller actions
through query strings, route data, or request bodies. The framework
automatically binds these parameters to action method parameters,
enabling seamless extraction of user inputs for processing.
Example in ERP context:
A method might receive a product ID from the URL:
public IActionResult Details(int id)
{
var product = _productService.GetProductById(id);
return View(product);
}
Accessing /product/details/5 would pass 5 as the id parameter.
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 119

Q11: What distinguishes ViewData from ViewBag in MVC?

In Simple Words:
ViewData and ViewBag both let you send information from a
controller to a view, but ViewData uses a dictionary to store data,
while ViewBag uses dynamic properties, making it easier to use.
Professional Approach:
ViewData and ViewBag are both used to pass data from controllers
to views in ASP.NET Core MVC, but they differ in implementation.
ViewData is a dictionary (of type ViewDataDictionary), requiring
string keys, while ViewBag is a dynamic wrapper around
ViewData, allowing you to define properties without explicit key
management.
Example in ERP context:
ViewData["Title"]="Product List"; //Using ViewData
ViewBag.Title = "Product List"; // Using ViewBag

Q12: How is TempData different from ViewData and ViewBag?

In Simple Words:
TempData is used to pass information from one request to another,
while ViewData and ViewBag only work within the same request.
TempData is great for showing messages after the user performs
an action.
Professional Approach:
TempData is a dictionary designed to store data that is preserved
for the duration of an HTTP request and can be accessed across
multiple requests. It is used primarily for scenarios like displaying
success or error messages after redirections, unlike ViewData and
ViewBag, which are limited to data sharing within a single request.
Example in ERP context:
After saving a product, you could set a success message like this:

TempData["SuccessMessage"] = "Product saved successfully!";

return RedirectToAction("Index");
Q13: What are HTML Helper Classes in ASP.NET Core?
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 120

In Simple Words:
HTML Helper Classes help you create HTML elements in your
views more easily, like building forms or links without writing the
HTML code directly.
Professional Approach:
HTML Helper Classes in ASP.NET Core MVC are methods that
facilitate the generation of HTML markup in views, improving
development efficiency and ensuring consistency. They provide a
type-safe way to create common HTML elements, such as forms,
inputs, and links, by abstracting the HTML rendering logic.
Example in ERP context:
Using an HTML Helper to create a text input for a product name:
@Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.ProductName);
Q14: Why are Select Lists important in form design?
In Simple Words:
Select lists let users pick from a set of options in a form, which helps
them make choices easily without typing, ensuring they select valid
information.

Professional Approach:
Select lists are critical in form design as they streamline the
selection process for users by providing a predefined set of options.
This minimizes input errors, enhances user experience, and ensures
data consistency. They are particularly useful in scenarios where
the valid input must be constrained to a specific list, such as
selecting categories or statuses.
Example in ERP context:
Using a select list to allow users to choose a product category:
@Html.DropDownListFor(model => model.CategoryId, new Selec
tList(Model.Categories, "Id", "Name"), "Select Category");
Q15: How do you integrate Entity Framework into an ASP.NET
Core MVC application?
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 121

In Simple Words:
To use Entity Framework in an ASP.NET Core MVC application,
you set it up in your project, connect it to your database, and then
use it to easily read and save data.
Professional Approach:
Integrating Entity Framework Core into an ASP.NET Core MVC
application involves installing the necessary packages, configuring
the database context within the Startup.cs file, and utilizing
dependency injection for the context in controllers. This setup
facilitates data access and manipulation through a strongly-typed,
object-oriented interface.
Example in ERP context:
Setting up the database context:
public class ApplicationDbContext : DbContext
{
public ApplicationDbContext(DbContextOptions<ApplicationDbC
ontext> options) : base(options)
{
}
public DbSet<Product> Products { get; set; }
}

Configuring the context in Startup.cs:

services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>
(options=> options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.
GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection")));

Q16: What is data seeding in Entity Framework Core?

In Simple Words:
Data seeding is the process of adding initial data to your database
when you first create it, like putting in some basic products or user
accounts.
Professional Approach:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 122

Data seeding in Entity Framework Core allows developers to

populate the database with initial data during the migration
process. This ensures that a consistent state of essential data is
available for development and testing and enhances the setup and
usability of the application right from the start.
Example in ERP context:
Seeding data in the OnModelCreating method:

protected override void OnModelCreating

(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
modelBuilder.Entity<Product>().HasData(
new Product {Id =1,Name="Product A",Price=10.99M},
new Product{Id =2,Name="Product B",Price=15.49M});
}

Q17: How does model binding work in ASP.NET Core MVC?

In Simple Words:
Model binding is how ASP.NET Core takes the information from a
user's request (like a form) and turns it into a model that can be
used in your application.
Professional Approach:
Model binding in ASP.NET Core MVC is the process by which the
framework automatically maps incoming request data (from form
fields, query strings, or route data) to action method parameters or
model classes. This seamless mapping simplifies data handling and
reduces the need for manual parsing.
Example in ERP context:
A controller action could automatically bind a model from form
data:
[HttpPost]
// Product model is automatically populated
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 123

public IActionResult Create(Product product)

{
if (ModelState.IsValid)
{
_productService.AddProduct(product);
return RedirectToAction("Index");
}
return View(product);
}
Q18: What are tag helpers in ASP.NET Core MVC?
In Simple Words:
Tag helpers are special features in ASP.NET Core that allow you to
use regular HTML tags and add extra functionality, like binding
data or creating forms with minimal fuss.
Professional Approach:
Tag helpers are a server-side syntax enhancement in ASP.NET
Core MVC that enable developers to create and manipulate HTML
elements declaratively within Razor views. They provide a clean
and succinct way to add server-side behaviour to standard HTML
tags, improving readability and maintainability of the code.
Example in ERP context:
Using a tag helper to create a form input:
<input asp-for="ProductName"class="form-control"/>
Q19: How do you implement form validation in MVC?
In Simple Words:
Form validation in MVC is checking to see if the information users
enter into a form is correct before it gets sent out, ensuring things
like email addresses are in the right format.
Professional Approach:
In ASP.NET Core MVC, form validation can be implemented using
data annotations on model properties to enforce rules such as required
fields, string lengths, and email formats. When a form is submitted,
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 124

the model binder checks for these validations and populates the
ModelState. If validation fails, the relevant error messages can be
returned to the view, allowing users to correct their input.
Example in ERP context:
Defining validation attributes in a model:
public class Product
{
[Required]
[StringLength(100)]
public string Name { get; set; }
[Range(0.01, 10000)]
public decimal Price { get; set; }
}
[HttpPost]
public IActionResult Create(Product product)
{
if (!ModelState.IsValid)
{
// Return to view with validation errors
return View(product);
}
// Save product to the database
return RedirectToAction("Index");
}
Q20: What is scaffolding in ASP.NET Core MVC?
In Simple Words:
Scaffolding is a quick way to create the basic structure of an
application, like forms and pages, without having to write
everything from scratch.
Professional Approach:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 125

Scaffolding in ASP.NET Core MVC is a code generation framework

that allows developers to quickly create a functional application
structure, including controllers, views, and data models. This
feature significantly speeds up the development process, enabling
developers to focus on customizing business logic rather than
boilerplate code.
Example in ERP context:
Using scaffolding tools to create a Product controller and views:
bash
dotnet aspnet-codegenerator controller -name ProductsController
-m Product -dc ApplicationDbContext --relativeFolderPath
Controllers --useDefaultLayout
Q21: What is the purpose of ViewImports.cshtml in ASP.NET Core?
In Simple Words:
The _ViewImports.cshtml file is used in ASP.NET Core
applications to share common settings or code in Razor views,
making it easier to maintain.
Professional Approach:
The _ViewImports.cshtml file serves as a central location for
common directives in Razor views, such as layout pages and
namespace imports. By defining shared settings here, developers
can avoid repetitive code in individual views, promoting
maintainability and consistency across the application.
Example in ERP context:
You might define:
@addTagHelper*,Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.TagHelpers
@using YourApp.Models
@{
Layout = "_Layout";
}
Q22: How does _ViewStart.cshtml function in a Razor
application?
In Simple Words:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 126

The _ViewStart.cshtml file in a Razor application sets the default

layout for your views, so you don’t have to specify it in each file.
Professional Approach:
The _ViewStart.cshtml file is executed before rendering any view in
the ASP.NET Core Razor framework. It is primarily used to set the
layout property for views in a consistent manner, ensuring that all
views render using the same layout unless specifically overridden.
Example in ERP context:
A simple _ViewStart.cshtml might look like this:
@{
Layout = "_Layout";
}

Q23: Why are layout pages, or master pages, essential in MVC

applications?
In Simple Words:
Layout pages are like templates for your website that keep the look
and feel consistent across different pages, making your site cleaner
and easier to manage.
Professional Approach:
Layout pages in MVC applications are essential for maintaining a
consistent user interface across multiple views. By defining a
common layout, developers can avoid redundancy, ensure design
consistency, and enhance maintainability. Layouts support
sections that can be overridden in individual views, offering
flexibility while adhering to a uniform structure.
Example in ERP context:
An example layout might define a header, footer, and a section for
the main content:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 127

<title>@ViewData["Title"]</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="~/css/styles.css"/>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<h1>ERP System</h1>
</header>
<div>
// Where the individual views will be rendered
@RenderBody()
</div>
<footer>
<p>&copy; 2024 ERP Company</p>
</footer>
</body>
</html>
Q24: What is the MVVM design pattern?
In Simple Words:
The MVVM design pattern helps organize code for applications
with user interfaces, separating the data (Model), the user interface
(View), and the logic (ViewModel) to make everything easier to
manage and test.
Professional Approach:
The Model-View-ViewModel (MVVM) design pattern is a software
architectural pattern commonly used in applications with rich user
interfaces. It separates the application into three components:
• Model: Represents the data and business logic.
• View: The user interface that displays the visual
representation of the Model.
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 128

•ViewModel: Acts as a mediator between the View and the

Model, handling user input, and providing data to the
View, enhancing maintainability and testability.
Example in ERP context:
In an ERP application for managing inventory, the ViewModel
could bind to the View elements (like text boxes for product names)
while handling updates to the Model (the product data).
public class ProductViewModel
{
public string Name { get; set; }
public decimal Price { get; set; }
}
Q25: How does the MVVM pattern enhance UI development?
In Simple Words:
MVVM makes it easier to develop user interfaces because it keeps
the code organized and separates the different parts, which helps
developers work on changing designs without messing up the data
and logic behind the scenes.
Professional Approach:
The MVVM pattern enhances UI development by promoting a
clear separation of concerns, allowing designers to work on Views
while developers focus on Models and ViewModels. This
separation enables easier testing, particularly for the ViewModel,
as it can be tested independently from the UI. Additionally, data
binding in MVVM minimizes the amount of code required for
synchronization between the UI and the data model, improving
development speed and reducing errors.
Example in ERP context:
In an inventory management application, the ViewModel can take
user inputs directly from the View without needing specific
knowledge of the UI, thus facilitating changes in the UI design
without affecting its underlying logic.
Q26: What is typically included in an MVVM project structure?
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 129

In Simple Words:
An MVVM project usually has folders for different parts of the
application like Models (data), Views (UI), and ViewModels
(logic), making it easier to find and manage code.
Professional Approach:
A typical MVVM project structure includes the following
components:
• Models: Contains classes representing the data and
business logic.
• Views: Contains UI definitions, often in XAML or HTML,
that display data to users.
• ViewModels: Contains classes managing the data
displayed in the Views, including logic for handling
interactions and data binding.
• Resources: May include styles, templates, and other UI
resources.
• Services: Contains business logic and data access
operations, providing a separation between the UI and data
layers.
Example in ERP context:
/ERPApp
├── /Models
│ ├── Product.cs
│ └── Order.cs
├── /Views
│ ├── ProductView.xaml
│ └── OrderView.xaml
├── /ViewModels
│ ├── ProductViewModel.cs
│ └── OrderViewModel.cs
└── /Services
├── ProductService.cs
└── OrderService.cs
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 130

Q27: How are one-to-many relationships managed in an MVVM

architecture?
In Simple Words:
In MVVM, a one-to-many relationship is managed by using
collections in your ViewModel to hold multiple items. This lets you
show a list of items linked to one main item in the View.
Professional Approach:
In an MVVM architecture, one-to-many relationships are typically
managed by leveraging observable collections within the
ViewModel. This allows the View to bind dynamically to
collections of data, reflecting changes such as additions or deletions
automatically in the UI. The ViewModel handles the logic for
managing these collections, ensuring that any updates to the data
are reflected in the user interface without manual intervention.
Example in ERP context:
A Customer can have many Orders:
public class CustomerViewModel
{
public ObservableCollection<Order>Orders{get;set;}
public CustomerViewModel()
{
Orders = new ObservableCollection<Order>();
}
}
Q28: What tools help implement MVVM in applications with
one-to-many relationships?
In Simple Words:
Tools like data binding and frameworks such as Knockout.js and
Xamarin make it easier to use the MVVM pattern by allowing you
to connect your data to the user interface automatically.
Professional Approach:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 131

Various tools and frameworks facilitate the implementation of the

MVVM pattern, especially in managing one-to-many relationships.
These include:

• Data Binding Frameworks: Libraries like Knockout.js or

Angular facilitate binding in web applications.

• XAML in WPF or Xamarin: Allow for rich data binding

between Views and ViewModels in desktop or mobile
applications.
• ObservableCollection: In .NET, this collection is used to
notify the View of changes in the collection, allowing for
dynamic updates to UIs when items are added or removed.
• MVVM Frameworks: Libraries like Caliburn.Micro,
MVVM Light, and Prism provide structures and
conventions that simplify the implementation of the
MVVM pattern, making it easier to manage complex data
scenarios.
• Dependency Injection: Frameworks like
Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection enhance the
structuring of services within MVVM applications and
manage dependencies effectively.

Example in ERP context:

Using an ObservableCollection to manage a list of orders for a
customer:
public class CustomerViewModel
{
public ObservableCollection<Order>Orders{get;set;}
public CustomerViewModel()
{
Orders = new ObservableCollection<Order>();
// Load orders for the customer
LoadOrders();
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 132

}
private void LoadOrders()
{
// Logic to load orders from a service
}
}
Q29: Why is MVVM beneficial in handling one-to-many
relationships?
In Simple Words:
MVVM makes it easier to manage relationships where one item is
linked to many others because it keeps the data organized and
helps in automatically updating the user interface.
Professional Approach:
The MVVM pattern facilitates handling one-to-many relationships
by providing a structured approach to managing collections of
related objects. It allows for clear data management through
ViewModels that encapsulate the logic and data synchronization
for the UI. This separation provides modularity, enhances
maintainability, and allows developers to focus on UI interactions
without dealing with the intricacies of data access directly.
Example in ERP context:
By keeping the customer’s orders in an ObservableCollection, changes
to the collection (adding or removing orders) are automatically
reflected in the associated UI elements, thus ensuring that the user
interface is always synchronized with the underlying data.
Q30: What is a many-to-many relationship in the context of MVVM?
In Simple Words:
A many-to-many relationship means that many items from one
group can be linked to many items from another group, like
students enrolled in multiple classes and classes having multiple
students.
Professional Approach:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 133

In MVVM architecture, a many-to-many relationship represents

scenarios where multiple instances of one model type can be
related to multiple instances of another model type. This is often
implemented using join entities or collections in ViewModels,
facilitating data representation and manipulation while keeping
the UI responsive and reflective of the underlying data structure.
Example in ERP context:
In a system managing projects and employees, both can have
many-to-many relationships:
public class Project
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public ICollection<Employee> Employees
{ get; set; } = new List<Employee>();
}
public class Employee
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public ICollection<Project> Projects
{ get; set; } = new List<Project>();
}

Q31: How can MVVM accommodate many-to-many

relationships effectively?
In Simple Words:
MVVM deals with many-to-many relationships by using lists to
connect both sides, allowing you to show how each item relates to
the others without confusion.
Professional Approach:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 134

MVVM accommodates many-to-many relationships through effective

use of collections within ViewModels. By encapsulating the
relationships in collection properties and using ObservableCollection
or List<T>, it allows for dynamic updates in the UI as relationships
change. This design keeps the ViewModels organized, maintains clear
separation of concerns, and promotes better data management.
Example in ERP context:
An employee management ViewModel might manage both
employees and their assigned projects:
public class EmployeeViewModel
{
public ObservableCollection<Project>
AssignedProjects { get; set; }
public EmployeeViewModel()
{
AssignedProjects = new ObservableCollection
<Project>();
// Load projects assigned to the employee
LoadAssignedProjects();
}
private void LoadAssignedProjects()
{
// Logic to populate the Assigned Projects collection
}
}
Q32: What challenges might arise when implementing many-to-
many relationships in MVVM?
In Simple Words:
Challenges in using many-to-many relationships with MVVM can
include keeping track of which items are linked and making sure
the user interface updates whenever those links change.
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 135

Professional Approach:
Implementing many-to-many relationships in MVVM can pose
several challenges, including:
• Data Synchronization: Ensuring that changes in either side
of the relationship are accurately reflected in the user
interface can be complex, requiring thorough binding
mechanisms.
• Complex Logic: Managing the logic for adding and
removing relationships can add complexity to ViewModels,
necessitating clear structures and methods in the
ViewModel to ensure data remains consistent and coherent.
• Performance Concerns: Handling large collections in many-
to-many relationships can lead to performance issues,
requiring optimizations to prevent lag during UI updates.
• User Experience: Designing user interfaces that effectively
allow for the selection and management of related items can
be challenging, particularly in ensuring usability and
intuitive interaction patterns.
• Data Integrity: Maintaining data integrity during
manipulation of relational collections requires careful
handling to prevent orphaned records or broken
relationships, especially during complex transactions.
Example in ERP context:
In an ERP system handling many-to-many relationships between
students and courses, implementing user interfaces that allow
educators to assign courses to multiple students while ensuring
that the selections dynamically update can require significant
thought on user flows and data validation.
Q33: How does garbage collection work in .NET?
In Simple Words:
Garbage collection in .NET is like a cleanup crew that automatically
removes memory that your application no longer needs, so it
doesn’t get cluttered with unused data.
Professional Approach:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 136

Garbage collection (GC) in .NET is an automatic memory

management feature that identifies and reclaims memory allocated
to objects that are no longer in use or referenced. The GC
periodically runs in the background, releasing memory from
objects that are unreachable in the application, thus helping to
prevent memory leaks and optimize performance without manual
intervention from the developer.
Example in ERP context:
When processing a large report in an ERP application, after the
report is generated and its data objects are no longer needed, the
garbage collector will reclaim that memory automatically, allowing
the application to free up resources efficiently.
Q34: What is the difference between managed and unmanaged
resources?
In Simple Words:
Managed resources are automatically taken care of by .NET, while
unmanaged resources need manual handling, like a file or a
network connection that you have to close yourself.
Professional Approach:
Managed resources are handled by the .NET runtime through garbage
collection, which automates memory management. In contrast,
unmanaged resources, such as file handles, database connections, and
network sockets, require explicit management by the developer,
usually through the implementation of the IDisposable interface to
ensure proper cleanup and release of these resources.
Example in ERP context:
Using a database connection involves unmanaged resources, which
should be properly disposed of:
using (var connection = new SqlConnection (connectionString))
{
connection.Open();
// Perform database operations
} // Connection is automatically disposed of here
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 137

Q35: How is IDisposable used to manage resources in .NET?

In Simple Words:
IDisposable is an interface that you can use in .NET to tell the
program to clean up resources, like closing files or releasing
memory, when you’re done with them.
Professional Approach:
The IDisposable interface in .NET provides a standardized way to
release unmanaged resources deterministically. Classes implementing
this interface contain a Dispose method that developers can call to free
up resources manually. It is commonly used in conjunction with the
using statement, which ensures that resources are disposed of
correctly, even in the event of an exception.
Example in ERP context:
Implementing IDisposable in a service class managing database
and file resources:
public class ProductService : IDisposable
{
private bool disposed = false;
public void Dispose()
{
Dispose(true);
GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
}
protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (!disposed)
{
if (disposing)
{
// Dispose managed resources
}
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 138

// Free unmanaged resources

disposed = true;
}
}
}

Q36: What is the difference between authentication and

authorization?
In Simple Words:
Authentication is about checking who you are, like logging in.
Authorization is about what you are allowed to do once you’re
logged in.
Professional Approach:
Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user or
system, typically through credentials such as passwords, tokens, or
biometric data. In contrast, authorization determines the access
levels and permissions granted to an authenticated user, defining
what they can or cannot do within a system.
Example in ERP context:
In an ERP system, a user might authenticate with a username and
password, but their role (admin, employee, etc.) determines what
features or data they are authorized to access.
Q37: How does Identity DbContext facilitate authentication in
ASP.NET Core?
In Simple Words:
Identity DbContext is a part of ASP.NET Core that helps manage
user accounts and authentication, making it easier to keep track of
who is allowed to access what in an application.
Professional Approach:
Identity DbContext is a specialized class within ASP.NET Core
Identity that extends DbContext to manage user identities, roles,
and claims. It provides a ready-made structure for user
authentication and security, allowing developers to easily store
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 139

and manage user data, including user credentials and roles, using
Entity Framework Core for data access.
Example in ERP context:
In an ERP application, you would define your Identity DbContext
like this:
public class ApplicationDbContext : IdentityDbContext<Applicatio
nUser>
{
public ApplicationDbContext(DbContextOptions
<ApplicationDbContext> options) : base(options)
{
}
// Additional DbSets for application data
}
Here, ApplicationUser is a custom user class which can have extra
properties pertinent to the ERP's needs.
Q38: How do 'Authorize' and 'AllowAnonymous' attributes work
in ASP.NET Core MVC?
In Simple Words:
The 'Authorize' attribute makes sure that only logged-in users can
access certain parts of an application, while the 'AllowAnonymous'
attribute lets everyone access those parts, even if they are not
logged in.
Professional Approach:
In ASP.NET Core MVC, the [Authorize] attribute restricts access to
specific controllers or actions to users who are authenticated and
optionally role-based, enhancing security within the application.
Conversely, the [AllowAnonymous] attribute overrides this
restriction, allowing access to the specified actions for any user,
regardless of their authentication status.
Example in ERP context:
[Authorize]
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 140

public class AdminController : Controller

{
public IActionResult Dashboard()
{
return View();
}
}

[AllowAnonymous]
public class HomeController : Controller
{
public IActionResult Index()
{
return View();
}
}
In this example, only authenticated users can access the Dashboard
action, while anyone can access the Index action.
Q39: How does User.IsInRole() function in ASP.NET Core
Authorization?
In Simple Words:
The User.IsInRole() method checks if the logged-in user belongs to
a specific group, like determining if they are an admin or a regular
user, to control what they can see or do in the application.
Professional Approach:
User.IsInRole() is a method provided by ASP.NET Core that checks
whether the currently authenticated user belongs to a specific role.
This mechanism is integral to role-based authorization, allowing
developers to enforce different levels of access and permissions
based on user roles within the application.
Example in ERP context:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 141

public IActionResult ManageUsers()

{
if (User.IsInRole("Admin"))
{
// Allow access to user management functionality
return View();
}
return Forbid(); // Deny access
}
In this context, only users with the "Admin" role can access the user
management page.
Q40: What are the benefits of implementing a dynamic theme in
web applications?
In Simple Words:
Dynamic themes let users change how a website looks, like
switching colors or layouts, providing a more personalized
experience, and making the site more enjoyable to use.
Professional Approach:
Implementing a dynamic theme in web applications enhances user
experience by allowing customization of the user interface according
to preferences, improving accessibility and engagement. This
flexibility can lead to increased user satisfaction and retention, as users
feel the application caters to their individual tastes and needs.
Example in ERP context:
An ERP system might allow users to select themes based on their
role or personal preferences, enabling a more streamlined
experience in line with their workflow requirements.
Q41: Why are data tables with sorting, searching, and paging
important in web applications?
In Simple Words:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 142

Data tables with sorting, searching, and paging help users find and
organize information easily, especially in large datasets, making
the application much more user-friendly.
Professional Approach:
Implementing data tables with sorting, searching, and paging
capabilities is crucial in web applications as they improve data
accessibility, usability, and overall performance. These features
allow users to navigate large amounts of data efficiently, focus on
relevant information, and manage views without overwhelming
the user interface.
Example in ERP context:
In an ERP application for inventory management, a paged data
table allows users to:
• Sort by product name or price for better visibility.
• Search for specific items quickly.
• Page through available items without loading the entire
dataset at once, enhancing performance and user experience.
By incorporating these functionalities, the system supports efficient
data retrieval and management, catering to the needs of users
handling large data volumes
Q42: What is Middleware in ASP.Net Core 8?
In Simple Words:
Imagine a restaurant kitchen. Middleware is like a series of stations
the food (your web request) goes through before it reaches the
customer (your web browser). Each station (middleware
component) might do something – add seasoning (security check),
cook the meat (process data), or plate the food (format the
response). The food goes through each station in order before being
served.
Professional Approach:
In ASP.NET Core, middleware is a set of components arranged in
a pipeline that processes incoming HTTP requests and outgoing
HTTP responses. Each middleware component can examine the
request, perform actions (e.g., authentication, logging,
authorization), modify it, and then pass it on to the next
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 143

component. This allows for modular and flexible application

development, enabling the separation of concerns and the easy
addition of cross-cutting functionalities. The pipeline is configured
using the WebApplication builder.
Using the modern WebApplication approach:
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
var app = builder.Build();
app.UseStaticFiles();
app.UseRouting();
app.UseAuthorization();
// Defines an endpoint
app.MapGet("/",() => "Hello World!");
app.Run();
This snippet shows how you might use the Use method to add
various middleware components to the pipeline. The order is
significant here. Static files are served first, then routing is
performed, and finally authorization checks are conducted before
reaching the endpoint.
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 144

ASP.NET Core
Q1: What are common strategies for implementing global
exception handling in an ASP.NET Core application?
In Simple Words:
Global exception handling is about catching errors that happen in
your application so that you can show friendly messages to users
instead of crashing the app.
Professional Approach:
Common strategies for implementing global exception handling in
ASP.NET Core include using middleware to catch exceptions,
configuring the built-in exception handling middleware, and creating
custom exception filter attributes. This approach ensures that
exceptions are handled centrally, enabling developers to manage error
logging and provide user-friendly error messages consistently.
Example in ERP context:
You can set up the UseExceptionHandler middleware in the
Startup.cs to catch unhandled exceptions:
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnviron
ment env)
{
// Redirects to an error action
app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
app.UseHsts();
}
Q2: How can you create a custom error page for handling "Page
Not Found" (HTTP 404) errors in ASP.NET Core?
In Simple Words:
To handle a "Page Not Found" error, you can create a special page
that users see when they try to access something that doesn’t exist
anymore.
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 145

Professional Approach:
To create a custom error page for handling "Page Not Found" errors
(HTTP 404) in ASP.NET Core, you can define a route that serves a
specific view for 404 errors. This involves configuring the
middleware to use the status code pages feature and specifying a
controller action that returns your custom view.
Example in ERP context:
In Startup.cs, you can add:
// Redirects to Error controller
app.UseStatusCodePagesWithReExecute
("/Home/Error/{0}");
And in the HomeController:
public IActionResult Error(int statusCode)
{
if (statusCode == 404)
{
return View("NotFound"); // Custom view for 404
}
return View("Error"); // General error view
}
Q3: What steps are necessary to configure a connection string in
the appsettings.json file, and how can it be accessed in ASP.NET Core?
In Simple Words:
To use a database in your application, you need to tell your app
where to find it. You do this by putting a connection string in the
appsettings.json file.
Professional Approach:
To configure a connection string in the appsettings.json file, you
define a "ConnectionStrings" section with the appropriate
connection string for your database. You can access this
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 146

configuration in your services or controllers through dependency

injection, using the IConfiguration interface.
Example in ERP context:
In appsettings.json:
{
"ConnectionStrings": {
"DefaultConnection": "Server=myServer;Database=
myDB;User Id=myUser;Password=myPassword;"
}
}
Accessing it in Startup.cs:
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>
(options => options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionStr
ing("DefaultConnection")));
}
Q4: How can you utilize middleware to centralize error handling
and display custom error messages in an ASP.NET Core application?
In Simple Words:
Using middleware for error handling will let you catch and show
error messages in one place, so no matter where an error happens,
users get a nice message.
Professional Approach:
You can create custom middleware that captures exceptions and
centralizes error handling, thereby allowing for consistent logging
and user-friendly error messages. The middleware can inspect the
HttpContext for unhandled exceptions and redirect users to a
custom error page or return specific JSON error messages based on
the request type.
Example in ERP context:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 147

A simple example of a custom error-handling middleware:

public class ErrorHandlingMiddleware
{
private readonly RequestDelegate _next;
public ErrorHandlingMiddleware
(RequestDelegate next)
{
_next = next;
}
public async Task InvokeAsync
(HttpContext context)
{
try
{
await _next(context);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{ // Log the exception or handle it
context.Response.Redirect("/Home/Error");
}
}
}
Registering it in the pipeline:
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app)
{ app.UseMiddleware<ErrorHandlingMiddleware>();
}
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 148

Q5: What is the purpose of the UseStatusCodePages middleware

in ASP.NET Core, and how can it help in managing "Page Not
Found" scenarios?
In Simple Words:
The UseStatusCodePages middleware helps show a custom
message or page when someone tries to access a page that doesn’t
exist, making the user experience better.
Professional Approach:
The UseStatusCodePages middleware in ASP.NET Core serves to
generate responses for HTTP status codes that do not have a
specific response associated with them, such as 404 or 500 errors.
This middleware enables developers to display custom messages
or redirect users to specific views when these status codes are
encountered, thereby enhancing user experience by providing
informative feedback rather than a generic error message.
Example in ERP context:
To use the UseStatusCodePages middleware, you can configure it
in your Startup.cs file, allowing it to return a friendly message or
redirect to a custom error page whenever a status code like 404 is
received:
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnviron
ment env)
{
app.UseStatusCodePages
("text/plain","Status code page,status code:{0}");
// Or for a redirect to a specific action:
app.UseStatusCodePagesWithReExecute ("/Home/Error/{0}");
// Other middleware registrations
app.UseRouting();
app.UseAuthorization();
app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 149

{
endpoints.MapControllers();
});
}
In this case, if a user attempts to access a non-existent route, the
middleware redirects them to the Error action on the
HomeController, where a user-friendly view can be displayed.
These answers provide clear insights into handling exceptions,
configuring connection strings, and managing user experience
during errors in an ASP.NET Core application. If you have
additional questions or need further details on any of these topics,
feel free to ask!
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 150

ASP.NET Core Web APIs

Q1: What is a Web API?
In Simple Words:
A Web API is like a bridge that allows different software
applications to talk to each other over the internet.
Professional Approach:
A Web API (Application Programming Interface) is a set of rules
and protocols that enables different software systems to
communicate with each other using HTTP requests. It allows
developers to access and interact with the functionality of a web
service through defined endpoints.
Example in ERP context:
// Example API request in an ERP system
GET /api/customers/12345
// Response contains customer details for ID 12345
Q2: Can you explain the Controller and Action in a Web API?
In Simple Words:
A Controller is like a traffic cop that decides what happens when
someone makes a request, while an Action is what the cop does in
response.
Professional Approach:
In a Web API, a Controller is a class that handles incoming requests
and determines how to respond. An Action is a method within a
Controller that processes a specific request and returns a result,
often representing a resource.
Example in ERP context:
public class CustomerController : ControllerBase
{
[HttpGet("{id}")]
public IActionResult GetCustomer(int id)
{ // Logic to retrieve customer
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 151

return Ok(customer);
}
}
Q3: What is parameter passing in Web APIs?
In Simple Words:
Parameter passing is how you send information to a web service
when you make a request.
Professional Approach:
Parameter passing in Web APIs refers to the way data is sent to the
server via URL query strings, route data, or request bodies. This
data informs the server what specific action to perform.
Example in ERP context:
// Request with query parameter
GET /api/orders? status = shipped
// Here, 'status' is a parameter passed to filter orders
Q4: What is routing in Web APIs?
In Simple Words:
Routing is how the web service decides what to do with your
request based on the URL you use.
Professional Approach:
Routing in Web APIs is the mechanism that matches an incoming
HTTP request to the appropriate action method in a controller
based on the URL pattern and HTTP method.
Example in ERP context:
// Route definition
routes.MapRoute(
name: "DefaultApi",
template: "api/{controller}/{id?}");
Q5: What is Entity Framework (EF) Core used for?
In Simple Words:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 152

Entity Framework Core is like a tool that helps you work with
databases easily without writing a lot of complicated code.
Professional Approach:
Entity Framework (EF) Core is an Object-Relational Mapper (ORM)
that allows developers to write database queries using .NET
objects, facilitating data access and manipulation within
applications.
Example in ERP context:
using (var context = new ERPContext())
{
// Retrieve all customers
var customers = context.Customers.ToList();
}

Q6: How can I use Fiddler to test my Web API?

In Simple Words:
Fiddler is like a magnifying glass that helps you see what's
happening between your computer and a web service.
Professional Approach:
Fiddler is a web debugging tool that allows developers to inspect
HTTP(S) traffic between the client and server. It is useful for
monitoring API requests, responses, and performance.
Example in ERP context:
•
Start Fiddler and perform API requests. You can view the
details like request method, headers, and response data.
Q7: What is the Web API Life Cycle?
In Simple Words:
The Web API Life Cycle is like the journey your request takes when
you ask for something from a web service.
Professional Approach:
The Web API Life Cycle refers to the series of steps that an HTTP
request goes through, including receiving the request, routing it to
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 153

the correct controller/action, processing it, and returning the

response to the client.
Example in ERP context:
1. Receive HTTP request
2. Route to appropriate controller/action
3. Execute action logic
4. Return response to client
Q8: What is the role of HttpContext in an ASP.NET API?
In Simple Words:
HttpContext is the information hub that keeps track of everything
about the current request and response.
Professional Approach:
HttpContext is an object that encapsulates all information about an
individual HTTP request, including request details, response
details, user authentication, and session data.
Example in ERP context:
public IActionResult GetCurrentUser()
{
// Get current user
var username = HttpContext.User.Identity.Name;
return Ok(username);
}
Q9: What is IActionResult and how is it different from
ActionResult?
In Simple Words:
IActionResult is like a promise that says "I can give you a response
but I won’t tell you exactly how," while ActionResult is the actual
response you will receive.
Professional Approach:
IActionResult is an interface in ASP.NET that defines a contract for
action results, promoting flexibility and abstraction. ActionResult,
on the other hand, is a concrete implementation of this interface
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 154

that provides common action result types, including specific

responses like Ok(), NotFound(), and others.
Example in ERP context:
public class ProductController : ControllerBase
{
[HttpGet("{id}")]
public IActionResult GetProduct(int id)
{
var product = _context.Products.Find(id);
// IActionResult can return different types
if (product == null) return NotFound();
return Ok(product); // Return product details
}
}
Q10: How can I implement asynchronous actions in Web APIs?
In Simple Words:
Asynchronous actions let your web service do more than one thing
at a time without making users wait around.
Professional Approach:
Asynchronous actions in Web APIs are implemented using the
async and await keywords, allowing the server to handle other
requests while waiting for long-running operations (like database
calls) to complete. This improves application scalability and
responsiveness.
Example in ERP context:
public async Task<IActionResult> GetOrdersAsync()
{
// Asynchronously retrieve orders
var orders = await _context.Orders.ToListAsync();
return Ok(orders);
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 155

}
Q11: What is the difference between Value Types and Reference
Types in C#?
In Simple Words:
Value types hold the actual data, while reference types hold a
reference to where the data is stored.
Professional Approach:
Value types in C# (like int, float, and struct) store their data directly in
stack memory, while reference types (like classes and arrays) store a
reference to their data, which is stored on the heap. This leads to
differences in memory management and behavior during assignment.
Example in ERP context:
int valueType = 5; // Value type
// Reference type
Customer referenceType = new Customer();
Q12: What is dynamic memory allocation?
In Simple Words:
Dynamic memory allocation is like renting a storage unit when you
need extra space instead of buying a whole new house.
Professional Approach:
Dynamic memory allocation refers to the process of allocating memory at
runtime using constructs such as new in C#, allowing developers to create
objects and arrays when needed, providing flexibility in memory usage.
Example in ERP context:
// Allocating memory for an array dynamically
Customer[] customers = new Customer[10];
Q13: What is garbage collection in .NET?
In Simple Words:
Garbage collection is like a cleanup crew that comes in to clear out
the things you’re not using anymore.
Professional Approach:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 156

Garbage collection is an automatic memory management feature in

.NET that reclaims memory occupied by objects that are no longer
in use. It helps prevent memory leaks and optimizes the
application's performance.
Example in ERP context:
// No explicit memory management is needed as .NET handles it
var customer = new Customer();
// Once out of scope, memory will be reclaimed by garbage collec
tor
Q14: What is the Dispose() method used for?
In Simple Words:
The Dispose() method is like a button you press to clean up and
close down a tool or resource you're done using.
Professional Approach:
The Dispose() method is part of the IDisposable interface in .NET,
used to release unmanaged resources manually, such as file
handles or database connections, ensuring that resources are
cleaned up properly and promptly.
Example in ERP context:
public class DatabaseHandler : IDisposable
{
public void Dispose()
{ // Clean up resources
}
}
Q15: How do I use the using statement in C#?
In Simple Words:
The using statement automatically takes care of cleaning up things
when you’re finished with them.
Professional Approach:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 157

The using statement in C# ensures that an object is disposed of

correctly at the end of its block, regardless of whether an exception
occurs, making it ideal for managing resources.
Example in ERP context:
using (var db = new ERPContext())
{
// db context will be disposed automatically
var customers = db.Customers.ToList();
}
Q16: What is Endpoints Explorer in ASP.NET?
In Simple Words:
Endpoints Explorer is a tool that helps you see and test all the
different paths you can take in a web service.
Professional Approach:
Endpoints Explorer is a feature in ASP.NET that allows developers
to visualize and test the available endpoints in their Web API,
making it easier to understand how to interact with the API and its
functionality.
Example in ERP context:
•Use Endpoints Explorer to look through the available API
endpoints and test different requests without needing a
separate client.
Q17: How do HTTP files work in a Web API?
In Simple Words:
HTTP files are like digital envelopes that let you send and receive
files through the web.
Professional Approach:
In a Web API, HTTP files facilitate file uploads and downloads
using endpoints designed to handle binary data. This allows clients
to send files to the server or retrieve files stored on the server using
standard HTTP methods.
Example in ERP context:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 158

[HttpPost("upload")]
public async Task<IActionResult UploadFile(IFormFile file)
{
if (file.Length > 0)
{
// Code to save the file to server
return Ok("File uploaded successfully.");
}
return BadRequest("No file uploaded.");
}

Q18: What is Swagger?

In Simple Words:
Swagger is like a user manual for your web service that lets you see
what it can do and how to use it.
Professional Approach:
Swagger is an open-source framework for designing, building,
documenting, and consuming RESTful APIs. It enables developers
to describe the API structure and provides interactive
documentation for easy testing.
Example in ERP context:
• Using Swagger UI, developers can easily test different API
endpoints by entering parameters and viewing responses
directly in the browser.
Q19: What are server-side validations?
In Simple Words:
Server-side validations are checks that happen on the server to
make sure the information you send is correct.
Professional Approach:
Server-side validations are performed by the server to verify that
the data received from the client meets specific criteria and
business rules before being processed or stored, enhancing security
and data integrity.
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 159

Example in ERP context:

public IActionResult CreateOrder(Order order)
{
if (!ModelState.IsValid)
{
// Return errors if validation fails
return BadRequest(ModelState);
}
// Logic to create order
return Ok("Order created successfully.");
}
Q20: How can I solve circular reference problems in JSON
serialization?
In Simple Words:
Circular reference problems happen when two things keep pointing to
each other, causing confusion when trying to save or send data.
Professional Approach:
Circular reference problems in JSON serialization can be resolved
using techniques such as Data Transfer Objects (DTOs) to break the
cycle or configuring serialization settings to ignore reference cycles,
preventing stack overflow errors during serialization.
Example in ERP context:
public class Order
{
// Reference to a customer
public Customer Customer { get; set; }
}
public class Customer
{
// Reference back to an order
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 160

public Order Order { get; set; }

}// Use DTOs to avoid circular reference issues during serializatio
n
Q21: How do I handle exceptions at the action level in ASP.NET?
In Simple Words:
Handling exceptions at the action level is like having a safety net that
catches problems if something goes wrong while processing requests.
Professional Approach:
In ASP.NET, exceptions at the action level can be handled using
try-catch blocks directly within action methods or by implementing
action filters to globally manage exceptions and return
standardized error responses.
Example in ERP context:
public IActionResult GetOrder(int id)
{
try
{
var order = _context.Orders.Find(id);
if (order == null) return NotFound();
return Ok(order);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
// Log exception & return a friendly error message
return StatusCode(500, "An error occurred while
processing your request.");
}
}

Q22: What is ASP.NET Identity?

In Simple Words:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 161

ASP.NET Identity is like a security guard that helps manage who

can enter your application and what they can do.
Professional Approach:
ASP.NET Identity is a membership system that provides user
authentication and authorization functionalities in ASP.NET
applications. It manages user accounts, roles, and claims,
facilitating user management and security.
Example in ERP context:
public async Task<IActionResult Register
(UserRegistrationModel model)
{
var user = new ApplicationUser
{UserName = model.Email, Email = model.Email};
var result = await _userManager.CreateAsync
(user, model.Password);
if (result.Succeeded) return Ok
("User registered successfully.");
return BadRequest(result.Errors);
}

Q23: What are the steps to secure a Web API?

In Simple Words:
Securing a Web API is like adding locks and alarms to protect it
from unauthorized access.
Professional Approach:
Securing a Web API generally involves implementing HTTPS,
utilizing authentication mechanisms (like JWT tokens), enforcing
authorization policies, validating input data to prevent injection
attacks, and protecting sensitive routes.
Example in ERP context:
1. Enable HTTPS for the API.
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 162

2. Use JWT tokens for user authentication.

3. Implement role-based access control.
4. Validate and sanitize input data.
Q24: What does user registration involve in ASP.NET Identity?
In Simple Words:
User registration is like setting up an account where you enter your
details so you can use the application later.
Professional Approach:
User registration in ASP.NET Identity typically involves collecting
user information (like username and password), validating this
data, creating a user account in the database, and may involve
additional steps like email confirmation.
Example in ERP context:
public async Task<IActionResult Register
(UserRegistrationModel model)
{
if (!ModelState.IsValid)
{
return BadRequest(ModelState);
}
var user = new ApplicationUser
{ UserName = model.Email, Email = model.Email };
var result = await _userManager.CreateAsync
(user, model.Password);
if (result.Succeeded)
{ // Potential step: Send email confirmation
return Ok("User registered successfully.");
}
return BadRequest(result.Errors);
}
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 163

Q25: What is the difference between SignIn and SignOut in

ASP.NET?
In Simple Words:
SignIn is what you do when you log into the application, while
SignOut is what you do to log out.
Professional Approach:
SignIn refers to the process of authenticating a user’s identity,
establishing a session for the user within the application. In
contrast, SignOut terminates the user session, effectively logging
the user out of the application.
Example in ERP context:
public async Task<IActionResult SignIn
(UserLoginModel model)
{
var result = await _signInManager.PasswordSignInAsync(model.Em
ail, model.Password, false, false);
if (result.Succeeded)
return Ok("User signed in successfully.");
return Unauthorized();
}
public async Task<IActionResult SignOut()
{
await _signInManager.SignOutAsync();
return Ok("User signed out successfully.");
}

Q26: What is authorization in the context of Web APIs?

In Simple Words:
Authorization is like checking an ID to see if you have permission
to enter a restricted area.
Professional Approach:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 164

Authorization in Web APIs refers to the process of determining whether

an authenticated user has the right to access a specific resource or perform
certain actions based on their permissions and roles.
Example in ERP context:
[Authorize(Roles = "Admin")]
public IActionResult GetAdminData()
{
// Only users with Admin role can access this data
return Ok("This is sensitive admin data.");
}

Q27: How can I create roles dynamically in ASP.NET?

In Simple Words:
Creating roles dynamically is like adding new job titles in a
company based on what’s needed.
Professional Approach:
In ASP.NET Identity, roles can be created dynamically using the
RoleManager class, allowing administrators to define new roles for
users programmatically based on application requirements.
Example in ERP context:
public async Task<IActionResult CreateRole(string roleName)
{
var roleResult = await _roleManager.CreateAsync
(new IdentityRole(roleName));
if (roleResult.Succeeded) return Ok($"Role '{roleName}' created su
ccessfully.");
return BadRequest(roleResult.Errors);
}

Q28: What is JWT and how is it used in Web APIs?

In Simple Words:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 165

JWT (JSON Web Token) is like a digital badge that proves who you
are and what you can access in a web application.
Professional Approach:
JWT (JSON Web Token) is a compact, URL-safe token format used
for securely transmitting information between parties. In Web
APIs, it is commonly used for authentication and authorization,
enabling stateless sessions and allowing users to access protected
routes based on their roles.
Example in ERP context:
public string GenerateJWT(ApplicationUser user)
{
var claims = new[]
{ new Claim
(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Sub, user.UserName),
// Additional claims
};
var key = new SymmetricSecurityKey
(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("YourSecretKey"));
var creds = new SigningCredentials(key, SecurityAlgorithms.Hmac
Sha256);
var token = new JwtSecurityToken(
issuer: "yourapi.com",
audience: "yourapi.com",
claims: claims,
expires: DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(30),
signingCredentials: creds);
return new JwtSecurityTokenHandler()
.WriteToken(token);
}
Q29: How do I validate a JWT?
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 166

In Simple Words:
Validating a JWT is like checking the authenticity of a badge to
make sure it’s real and not a fake.
Professional Approach:
Validating a JWT involves verifying its signature using a secret or public
key, checking its expiration time, and confirming the claims it contains
(like issuer, audience, and any custom claims) to ensure it is trustworthy.
Example in ERP context:
public ClaimsPrincipal ValidateJWT(string token)
{
var tokenHandler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler
var tokenValidationParameters = new
TokenValidationParameters
{
ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,
IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey
(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("YourSecretKey")),
// consider validating based on your needs
ValidateIssuer = false,
// consider validating based on your needs
ValidateAudience = false,
// optional,removes delay of token expiration
ClockSkew = TimeSpan.Zero
};
try
{
var principal = tokenHandler.ValidateToken
(token,tokenValidationParameters,out SecurityTokenvalidatedToke
n);
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 167

return principal; // The token is valid, and you can extract claim
s from it
}
catch (Exception)
{
return null; // Token is invalid
}
}
Q30: What are DTOs and DAOs in the context of design patterns?
In Simple Words:
DTOs (Data Transfer Objects) are simple containers for data that
allow easy movement of information, while DAOs (Data Access
Objects) are like the middlemen that handle the database
connections and queries.
Professional Approach:
DTOs (Data Transfer Objects) are objects that facilitate data
exchange between layers without containing business logic,
whereas DAOs (Data Access Objects) encapsulate the logic
required to access data sources, abstracting the database
interactions and providing a simplified API for the application.
Example in ERP context:
// DTO example
public class CustomerDTO
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
}
// DAO example that interacts with the database
public class CustomerDAO
{
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 168

private readonly ERPContext _context;

public CustomerDAO(ERPContext context)
{
_context = context;
}
public IEnumerable<CustomerDTO>GetAllCustomers()
{
return _context.Customers.Select
(c => new CustomerDTO
{
Id = c.Id,
Name = c.Name
}).ToList();
}
}
These answers provide a comprehensive overview of each Qin
layman's terms, a professional context, and illustrative examples
relevant to ERP systems. If you have any more questions or need
further clarifications, feel free to ask!
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 169

Angular 17
Q1: What are the prerequisites for getting started with Angular 17?
In Simple Words:
You need a computer with some software installed to start using
Angular 17.
Professional Approach:
The prerequisites for getting started with Angular 17 include
having Node.js and npm (Node Package Manager) installed, as
they are essential for Angular's development environment.
Additionally, familiarity with TypeScript and understanding basic
web development concepts (HTML, CSS, JavaScript) is beneficial.
Example:
// Install Node.js and check version
node -v
npm -v
Q2: How do I set up a Stand Alone Angular Project in Visual
Studio 2022?
In Simple Words:
You can create a new Angular project in a few simple steps in
Visual Studio.
Professional Approach:
To set up a Stand Alone Angular Project in Visual Studio 2022, open
Visual Studio, select "Create a new project," choose the "Angular"
project template, and follow the prompts to configure your project
settings.
Example:

1. Open Visual Studio 2022.

2. Click on "Create a new project."
3. Search for "Angular" in the templates.
4. Select "Angular" and follow the project setup wizard.
Q3: What is the purpose of the app.component in an Angular
project?
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 170

In Simple Words:
The app.component is the main building block of your Angular
app.
Professional Approach:
In Angular, app.component serves as the root component of the
application. It controls the application's main view and can contain
other components, enabling a hierarchical component structure.
Example:
// app.component.ts
import { Component } from '@angular/core';
@Component({
selector: 'app-root',
templateUrl: './app.component.html',
styleUrls: ['./app.component.css']
})
export class AppComponent {
title = 'My Angular App';
}

Q4: What does the app.module file represent in an Angular

application?
In Simple Words:
The app.module file tells Angular which parts of the app to use.
Professional Approach:
The app.module acts as the root module of an Angular application.
It bundles the various components, services, and other modules
together, defining how the application is structured and what
modules are required.
Example:
// app.module.ts
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 171

import { AppComponent } from './app.component';

@NgModule({
declarations: [AppComponent],
imports: [BrowserModule],
providers: [],
bootstrap: [AppComponent] })
export class AppModule { }
Q5: What are the basic terminologies associated with Angular 17?
In Simple Words:
There are some key terms you should know to understand how
Angular works.
Professional Approach:
Basic Angular terminologies include:
• Component: A building block of the UI.
• Module: A container for a cohesive block of code dedicated
to an application domain.
• Template: The HTML view that defines how the
component renders.
• Service: A class that provides functionality that is not tied
to a particular view.
• Directive: A marker on a DOM element that modifies the
element’s behavior or appearance.
Example:
• Component: Manages a piece of the user interface and
handles its logic.
• Service: Handles data retrieval or complex processing,
separating concerns.
Q6: What is two-way data binding and how does it work in Angular?
In Simple Words:
Two-way data binding means that changes in the UI and data are
automatically synchronized.
Professional Approach:
Two-way data binding in Angular binds the data between the
model and the view, allowing changes in either the model or view
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 172

to reflect in the other. This is commonly achieved with the

[(ngModel)] directive.
Example:
<input [(ngModel)]="username" placeholder="Enter your name"
>
<p>Your name is: {{ username }}</p>
Q7: How can I call a method on a (click) event in Angular?
In Simple Words:
You can attach a function to a button so that it does something
when you click it.
Professional Approach:
To call a method on a (click) event in Angular, use the (click)
directive in the template and bind it to the method defined in your
component class.
Example:
<button(click)="onButtonClick()">Click Me</button>export class
AppComponent {
onButtonClick() {
console.log('Button was clicked!');
}
}
Q8: How do I add a new component in Angular 17?
In Simple Words:
Adding a new component is like creating a new section for your
app that can do its own thing.
Professional Approach:
To add a new component in Angular 17, use the Angular CLI
command ng generate component [component-name] or its
shorthand ng g c [component-name]. This command creates the
necessary files and registers the component in the module
automatically.
Example:
ng generate component user-profile
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 173

# or
ng g c user-profile
This will create user-profile.component.ts, user-
profile.component.html, and other relevant files.
Q9: What are directives in Angular, and how do I use *ngIf?
In Simple Words:
Directives are special markers that tell Angular how to change the
appearance or behavior of something in your app.
Professional Approach:
Directives are classes that add additional behavior to elements in
your Angular applications. The *ngIf directive is used to
conditionally include or exclude an element from the DOM based
on a boolean expression.
Example:
<div *ngIf="isUserLoggedIn">Welcome, user!</div>
This element will only be displayed if the isUserLoggedIn variable
is true.
Q10: What is the new @if syntax in Angular 17?
In Simple Words:
The new @if syntax is an alternative way to conditionally display
things in Angular.
Professional Approach:
In Angular 17, the @if syntax provides a more concise way to
handle conditional rendering. It simplifies the syntax for
conditional logic in templates.
Example:
<div @if= "isUserLoggedIn" > Welcome, user!</div>
This behaves similarly to *ngIf, showing the content if
isUserLoggedIn is true.
Q11: How can I use the *ngFor directive in Angular?
In Simple Words:
The *ngFor directive helps you display a list of items by repeating
a section of HTML.
Professional Approach:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 174

The *ngFor directive is used to render a list of items by iterating over

an array or collection. It creates a template for each item in the array.
Example:
<ul>
<li *ngFor="let item of items">{{ item }}</li>
</ul>
This will create a list item for each item in the items array.
Q12: What is the new @for() syntax, and how does it differ
from *ngFor?
In Simple Words:
The new @for() syntax is another way to loop through items, and it
makes the code look cleaner.
Professional Approach:
The @for() syntax introduced in Angular 17 provides a simpler and
more readable way to handle iterations compared to *ngFor. It
allows developers to loop through arrays while maintaining more
control over the rendering logic.
Example:
<ul>
@for (let item of items)
{ <li>{{ item }}</li> }
</ul>
This syntax functions similarly to *ngFor, but with a more
structured block format.
Q13: How can I render JSON data in a grid using Angular 17?
In Simple Words:
You can take data from a JSON file and show it in a table format in
your app.
Professional Approach:
To render JSON data in a grid, you typically fetch the data from a
JSON source (like an API), and then use Angular's data binding
features to bind the data to an HTML table.
Example:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 175

// Fetching JSON data in a service

this.httpClient.get('api/data').subscribe(data => {
this.items = data;
});
@* Displaying data in HTML *@
<table>
<tr * ngFor="let item of items">
<td>{{ item.name }}</td>
<td>{{ item.value }}</td>
</tr>
</table>
Q14: What is paging in the context of Angular applications?
In Simple Words:
Paging is a way to break down a lot of items into smaller, more
manageable chunks or pages.
Professional Approach:
Paging allows users to navigate through large datasets by displaying
a limited number of items per page instead of loading all the data at
once. This improves performance and user experience.
Example: You might implement a paging component that keeps
track of the current page and allows users to move between pages
of results.
Q15: How do I implement search functionality using pipes in
Angular?
In Simple Words:
Pipes help transform data in your app, and you can use them to
create a search feature that filters results.
Professional Approach: In Angular, pipes can be used to filter or
transform displayed data. To implement search functionality, you
can create a custom pipe that filters an array based on the user's
input, updating the displayed results dynamically.
Example:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 176

import{ Pipe, PipeTransform }from '@angular/core';

@Pipe({
name: 'searchFilter'
})
export class SearchFilterPipe implements PipeTransform {
transform(items: any[], searchText: string): any[] {
if (!items || !searchText) {
return items; // Return all items if search text is empty
}
return items.filter(item =>
item.name.toLowerCase()
.includes(searchText.toLowerCase())
);
}
}

In your template:
<input [(ngModel)]="searchText" placeholder="Search..">
<ul>
<li *ngFor="let item of items | searchFilter:searchText">{{ item.name }}</l
i>
</ul>
Q16: What is a generic search pipe and how is it created?
In Simple Words:
A generic search pipe is a reusable way to filter different kinds of
data based on search text.
Professional Approach:
A generic search pipe can be created to work with any array of
objects by accepting a key to search against. This way, one pipe can
be used for various data models.
Example:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 177

import{ Pipe, PipeTransform }from '@angular/core';

@Pipe({
name: 'genericSearch' })
export class GenericSearchPipe implements PipeTransform {
transform(items: any[], searchText: string, key: string): any[] {
if (!items || !searchText) {
return items;
}
return items.filter(item =>
item[key].toLowerCase()
.includes(searchText.toLowerCase())
);
}
}

In your template:
<input [(ngModel)]="searchText" placeholder=
"Search by name...">
<ul>
<li *ngFor="let item of items | genericSearch:
searchText:'name'">{{ item.name }}</li>
</ul>
Q17: How do I implement sorting in Angular applications?
In Simple Words:
Sorting helps organize data in a specific order, like alphabetically
or numerically.
Professional Approach:
You can implement sorting in Angular by creating a pipe or a
function that modifies the displayed array based on the selected
sorting criteria.
Example:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 178

import{ Pipe, PipeTransform }from '@angular/core';

@Pipe({
name: 'sort'
})
export class SortPipe implements PipeTransform {
transform(items: any[], field: string): any[] {
return items.sort((a, b) => a[field] > b[field] ? 1 : -1);
}
}

In your template:
<ul>
<li *ngFor="let item of items | sort:'name'">
{{ item.name }}</li> </ul>
Q18: What are Web APIs and how do I create one in an Angular
context?
In Simple Words:
Web APIs allow your app to interact with other applications over
the internet.
Professional Approach:
Web APIs can be created using various backend technologies (e.g.,
Node.js, Express, ASP.NET). In Angular, you can consume these
APIs using the HttpClient module to send HTTP requests and
handle responses.
Example:
import { HttpClient } from '@angular/common/http';
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
@Injectable({
providedIn: 'root'
})
export class ApiService {
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 179

constructor(private http: HttpClient) { }

getEmployees() {
return this.http.get('https://api.example.com/employees');
}
}

Q19: What is the purpose of Data Access Objects (DAOs) in

Angular?
In Simple Words:
DAOs are like helpers that manage all the fetch and save operations
for your data.
Professional Approach:
Data Access Objects (DAOs) encapsulate the logic used to access
data sources, abstracting the data retrieval process from the
business logic. This makes it easier to switch data sources or modify
data access logic without affecting other parts of the application.
Example:
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { HttpClient } from '@angular/common/http';
@Injectable({
providedIn: 'root'
})
export class EmployeeDAO {
private apiUrl = 'https://api.example.com/employees';
constructor(private http: HttpClient) { }
getAll() {
return this.http.get(this.apiUrl);
}
create(employee: any) {
return this.http.post(this.apiUrl, employee);
}
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 180

Q20: How do Fluent APIs work in the context of Angular

applications?
In Simple Words:
Fluent APIs make your code look nicer and easier to read by
chaining methods.
Professional Approach:
Fluent APIs allow for method chaining, making the code more
expressive and readable. In Angular, fluent APIs can be
implemented in services or configurations where multiple setter
methods can be called in sequence.

Example:
class UserBuilder {
private user: any = {};
setName(name: string) {
this.user.name = name;
// Returning 'this' allows for method chaining
return this;
}
setEmail(email: string) {
this.user.email = email;
return this;
}
build() {
// Returns the constructed user object
return this.user;
}
}
// Usage
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 181

const user = new UserBuilder()

.setName('John Doe')
.setEmail('[email protected]')
.build();

Q21: What is data seeding and how can I implement it in

Angular?
In Simple Words:
Data seeding is like planting initial data in your application
database when you first set it up.

Professional Approach:
Data seeding involves populating a database with initial data upon
creation. In Angular projects, you can implement data seeding on
the backend API using migrations or a specific seeding method
when setting up your database for the first time.
Example:
// Example seeding in an ASP.NET Core API
public class ApplicationDbContext : DbContext
{
protected override void
OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
modelBuilder.Entity<Employee>().HasData(
new Employee { Id = 1, Name = "Alice" },
new Employee { Id = 2, Name = "Bob" }
);
}
}
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 182

Q22: How does Database.Migrate() work in Angular

applications?
In Simple Words:
Database.Migrate() is a command that updates your database to
match changes made in your application.
Professional Approach:
Database.Migrate() is used in the context of Entity Framework in
.NET applications to apply any pending migrations to the database,
ensuring that the database schema is in sync with the current model
configuration as defined in the application code.

Example:
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironm
ent env)
{
using (var scope = app.ApplicationServices. CreateScope())
{
var dbContext = scope.ServiceProvider.GetService
<ApplicationDbContext>();
dbContext.Database.Migrate(); // Apply migrations
}
}
Q23: What is the HTTP Client Module, and how do I import it
into my Angular application?
In Simple Words:
HTTP Client Module lets your app talk to APIs over the internet.
Professional Approach:
HTTP Client Module is an Angular module that provides a service to
make HTTP requests. To use it in your application, you need to import
it into your main application module (usually app.module.ts).
Example:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 183

import { HttpClientModule } from '@angular/common/http';

@NgModule({
imports: [
HttpClientModule,
// other modules
],
// declarations, providers, bootstrap, etc.
})
export class AppModule { }
Q24: How do I call an API from Angular 17 using HTTPClient?
In Simple Words:
You can use HTTPClient to grab data from an API really easily.
Professional Approach:
To call an API using HTTPClient in Angular 17, you first inject the
HttpClient service into your component or service and then use its
methods to send HTTP requests (GET, POST, etc.) to your API.
Example:
import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { HttpClient } from '@angular/common/http';
@Component({
selector: 'app-employee-list',
templateUrl: './employee-list.component.html'
})
export class EmployeeListComponent implements OnInit {
employees: any[] = [];
constructor(private http: HttpClient) { }
ngOnInit() {
this.http.get('https://api.example.com/employees')
.subscribe(data => {
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 184

this.employees = data; // Bind response data to local array

});
}
}
Q25: How can I create an Employee component in Angular?
In Simple Words:
You can create a new section for managing employee data in your
app.
Professional Approach:
To create an Employee component in Angular, use the Angular CLI
command ng generate component employee or ng g c employee,
which creates the necessary files and registers the component.
Example:
ng generate component employee
# or
ng g c employee
This creates employee.component.ts, employee.component.html,
and other necessary files.
Q26: What is a cascading dropdown list, and how can I
implement one in Angular?
In Simple Words:
A cascading dropdown list lets you choose options in one dropdown,
which then controls what options appear in the next dropdown.
Professional Approach:
A cascading dropdown list is a user interface element where the
options in one dropdown depend on the selection made in another
dropdown. For example, selecting a country in one dropdown
could filter and display cities available in another dropdown.
Example:
// Component code
export class LocationComponent {
countries = ['USA', 'Canada'];
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 185

cities = {
USA: ['New York', 'Los Angeles'],
Canada: ['Toronto', 'Vancouver']
};
selectedCountry: string = '';
selectedCities: string[] = [];
onCountryChange(country: string) {
this.selectedCountry = country;
this.selectedCities = this.cities[country] || [];
}
}
<!-- Template code -->
<select (change)="onCountryChange
($event.target.value)">
<option *ngFor="let country of countries"
[value]="country">{{ country }}</option>
</select>
<select>
<option *ngFor="let city of selectedCities">
{{ city }}</option>
</select>
Q27: How do I handle delete operations in Angular applications?
In Simple Words:
You can set up a way for users to remove items, like clicking a
button to delete an employee.
Professional Approach:
To handle delete operations in Angular, you typically create a
method in your component that calls the API to delete the desired
resource. You can then update the local data to reflect the change.
Example:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 186

// In the component class

deleteEmployee(id: number) {
this.http.delete(`https://api.example.com/employees/${id}`).subs
cribe(() => {
this.employees = this.employees.filter(emp => emp.id !== id)
; // Update local array
}); }
<!-- In the template -->
<button (click)="deleteEmployee(employee.id)">
Delete</button>
Q28: How do I implement the delete functionality for an
employee in Angular?
In Simple Words:
You can make a delete button that lets users remove an employee
from the list.
Professional Approach:
To implement delete functionality for an employee, create a
method in your component that sends a DELETE request to your
backend API and updates the UI accordingly.
Example:
// Component method
deleteEmployee(id: number) {
this.http.delete(`https://api.example.com/employees/${id}`).subs
cribe(() => {
this.employees = this.employees.filter(employee => employe
e.id !== id);
alert('Employee deleted successfully!');
});
}
<!-- Component template -->
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 187

<ul>
<li *ngFor="let employee of employees">
{{ employee.name }}
<button (click)="deleteEmployee(employee.id)">
Delete</button>
</li>
</ul>
Q29: What are the steps to create an employee in Angular 17?
In Simple Words:
You set up a form where users can enter an employee's details and
then save that data.
Professional Approach:
To create an employee, you generally follow these steps:
1. Create a form for user input.
2. Implement a service method to send a POST request to your
API with the employee data.
3. Update the local data array (if necessary) to reflect the new
employee.
Example:
// Form submission method in component
createEmployee() {
this.http.post('https://api.example.com/employees', this.newEmplo
yee).subscribe(response => {
this.employees.push(response); //Assuming response contains the
created employee data
});
}
@* In the template, bind to the form inputs *@
<form (ngSubmit)="createEmployee()">
<input [(ngModel)]="newEmployee.name" name="name" placeho
lder="Employee Name" required>
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 188

<button type="submit">Add Employee</button>

</form>
Q30: What are template-driven forms, and how do they work in
Angular?
In Simple Words:
Template-driven forms are a simple way to manage user input in
Angular without too much code.
Professional Approach:
Template-driven forms are a simpler way to create forms in
Angular, where form data and validation are managed directly in
the HTML template. Angular’s FormsModule is used for two-way
data binding and form management.
Example:
// In your module file
import { FormsModule } from '@angular/forms';
@NgModule({
imports: [FormsModule],
// other properties
})
export class AppModule { }
<!-- Template with template-driven form -->
<form #employeeForm="ngForm" (ngSubmit)=
"createEmployee()">
<input ngModel name="name" required placeholder=
"Employee Name">
<button type="submit" [disabled]= "!employeeForm.valid">
Add Employee</
</button>
</form>
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 189

Q31: How do I implement server-side validations in Angular

applications?
In Simple Words:
Server-side validations check if the entered data is correct by the
server, making the application safer.
Professional Approach:
To implement server-side validations in Angular applications, you
typically configure validation logic in your backend API. The
Angular front end sends data to the server, and the server responds
with validation errors if the data doesn't meet the expected criteria.
Example:
//Calling the API with potential validation errors
createEmployee() {
this.http.post('https://api.example.com/employees', this.newEm
ployee).subscribe({
next: response => {
this.employees.push(response);
},
error: err => {
if (err.status === 400) {
console.error('Validation errors:', err.error);
}
}
}); }
Q32: What are the best practices for exception handling in
Angular apps?
In Simple Words:
Handling exceptions well means your app can deal with errors
without crashing and can show helpful messages to users.
Professional Approach:
Best practices for exception handling in Angular apps include:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 190

1. Use centralized error handling with HTTP interceptors to

catch errors from HTTP requests.
2. Implement try-catch blocks in async methods.
3. Provide user-friendly error messages without exposing
sensitive data.
4. Log error details for debugging purposes while using
external services.
Example:
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { HttpInterceptor, HttpRequest, HttpHandler, HttpEvent } fr
om '@angular/common/http';
import { Observable, throwError } from 'rxjs';
import { catchError } from 'rxjs/operators';
@Injectable()
export class ErrorInterceptor implements HttpInterceptor {
intercept(req: HttpRequest<any>, next:HttpHandler): Observable<
HttpEvent<any>> {
return next.handle(req).pipe(
catchError(err => {
// Handle errors globally
console.error('An error occurred:', err);
return throwError(err);
})
); } }
Q33: How can I debug Angular applications effectively?
In Simple Words:
Debugging helps you find problems in your code so you can fix
them before your app goes live.
Professional Approach:
Effective debugging of Angular applications can be achieved
through:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 191

•
Using browser developer tools (Chrome DevTools).
•
Adding breakpoints in your TypeScript code.
•
Utilizing Angular's built-in debugger by using the ng serve
--watch option.
• Implementing logging services to collect and analyze
runtime information.
Example:
// Example logging service
@Injectable({
providedIn: 'root'
})
export class LoggingService {
logError(message: string) {
console.error(`Error: ${message}`);
} } // Somewhere in your component
this.loggingService.logError('Something went wrong!');
Q34: What is client-side validation, and why is it important in Angular?
In Simple Words:
Client-side validation makes sure users fill out forms correctly
before sending the data to the server.
Professional Approach:
Client-side validation is the process of checking user input directly
in the browser before it gets sent to the server. It helps improve user
experience by providing immediate feedback and reduces
unnecessary server load.
Example:
<form #employeeForm="ngForm" (ngSubmit)=
"createEmployee()">
<input ngModel name="name" required placeholder=
"Employee Name">
<div *ngIf="employeeForm.controls.name?.invalid &&employeeFo
rm.controls.name?.touched">
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 192

Name is required. </div>

<button type="submit" [disabled]="!employeeForm
.valid">Add Employee</button>
</form>
Q35: What are services in Angular, and how do I create one?
In Simple Words:
Services are like helpers that do tasks for your app, like fetching
data or handling logic.
Professional Approach:
In Angular, services are singleton objects that encapsulate business
logic and data retrieval. They can be injected into components or
other services. You create a service using the Angular CLI
command: ng generate service [service-name].
Example:
ng generate service employee
# or
ng g s employee
This creates employee.service.ts which can be used to handle
employee-related logic.
Q36: What is RxJS, and how is it used in Angular?
In Simple Words:
RxJS is a library that helps you manage asynchronous data; think of it
like a helper for handling real-time events like clicks or data changes.
Professional Approach:
RxJS (Reactive Extensions for JavaScript) is a library for composing
asynchronous and event-based programs using observables. In
Angular, RxJS is used extensively for handling data streams from
HTTP requests, user inputs, and more.
Example:
import { Observable, of } from 'rxjs';
// Example of creating an Observable
const dataObservable: Observable<number[]> = of([1, 2, 3]);
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dataObservable.subscribe(data => {
console.log('Received data:', data); });
Q37: How do observables work in Angular applications?
In Simple Words:
Observables are like streams of data you can listen to; they update
whenever new data comes in.
Professional Approach:
Observables in Angular represent a sequence of values over time.
They can emit multiple items, which can be used to manage
asynchronous operations like HTTP requests. Observables can be
created and consumed using RxJS operators.
Example:
this.http.get('https://api.example.com/data')
.subscribe(response => {
console.log('Data received from API:', response);
});
Q38: What is the role of observers and subscriptions in Angular?
In Simple Words:
Observers listen for data from observables and do something with
it, while subscriptions let you control when to start or stop
listening.
Professional Approach:
In Angular, observers are functions that receive values emitted by an
observable. A subscription is created to enable the observer to react to
those emitted values. It allows the management of the observable's
lifecycle, including cancellation to prevent memory leaks.
Example:
const subscription = this.http.get('https://api.example.com/data')
.subscribe(data => {
console.log('Data received:', data);
}); // To unsubscribe and avoid memory leaks
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subscription.unsubscribe();
Q39: How can I use operators like debounce Time, filter
retry, switchMap, and map in Angular?
In Simple Words:
Operators help you manipulate the data from observables to suit
your needs, like slowing down requests or changing the format of
incoming data.
Professional Approach:
RxJS operators are functions that allow you to work with
observables in a functional programming style, enabling complex
asynchronous functionalities. These operators help in
transforming, filtering, and controlling data flows.
Example:
import { fromEvent } from 'rxjs';
import{ debounceTime, map } from 'rxjs/operators';
const input =document.getElementById('searchBox');
// Using debounceTime and map for search input
fromEvent(input, 'input')
.pipe(
debounceTime(300),//Wait for 300ms pause in events
map((event: Event) => (event.target as HTMLInputElement).va
lue) // Extract the input value
)
.subscribe(searchText => {
console.log('Search:', searchText);
});

Q40: How does routing work in Angular applications?

In Simple Words:
Routing is how you navigate between different pages or views in
your app.
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 195

Professional Approach:
Angular's routing module enables navigation between different
views or components based on the URL. It allows you to define
routes, each associated with a specific component.
Example:
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import{ RouterModule, Routes } from '@angular/router';
import { HomeComponent } from
'./home/home.component';
import { AboutComponent } from
'./about/about.component';
const routes: Routes = [
{ path: 'home', component: HomeComponent },
{ path: 'about', component: AboutComponent },
{path:'', redirectTo: '/home', pathMatch:'full'}];
@NgModule({
imports: [RouterModule.forRoot(routes)],
exports: [RouterModule]
})
export class AppRoutingModule { }
Q41: What is the difference between cookies, sessionStorage, and
localStorage in Angular?
In Simple Words:
Cookies, session storage, and local storage are ways to store
information in your browser, but they work differently.
Professional Approach:
• Cookies: Small pieces of data stored by the browser that are
sent to the server with each request, usually used for
authentication and tracking user sessions. They have an
expiration date and size limit.
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 196

•sessionStorage: Stores data for the duration of the page

session. The data is lost when the tab is closed. It is ideal for
temporary storage of session-specific data.
• localStorage: Similar to sessionStorage, but the data
persists even after the browser/window is closed. It is useful
for storing user preferences or settings.
Example:
// Setting values
localStorage.setItem('key', 'value');
sessionStorage.setItem('sessionKey',
'sessionValue');
document.cookie = "username=JohnDoe; expires=Fri, 31 Dec 999
9 23:59:59 GMT";
// Retrieving values
const value = localStorage.getItem('key');
const sessionValue = sessionStorage.getItem ('sessionKey');
Q42: How can I implement web storage or state management in
Angular applications?
In Simple Words:
You can use web storage, like local or session storage, to keep track
of user data even if they change pages.
Professional Approach:
In Angular applications, you can implement web storage using the
built-in localStorage and sessionStorage APIs. For more complex
state management across components, you can utilize services to
share data or libraries like NgRx for state management.
Example using localStorage:
// Setting a value in localStorage
localStorage.setItem('currentUser', JSON.stringify(user));
// Getting a value from localStorage
const user = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem ('currentUser') || '{}');
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 197

// Clearing localStorage
localStorage.removeItem('currentUser');
Example using a service for state management:
typescript
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { BehaviorSubject } from 'rxjs';

@Injectable({
providedIn: 'root'
})
export class UserService {
private userSource = new BehaviorSubject<User | null>(null);
currentUser = this.userSource.asObservable();
changeUser(user: User) {
// Update the user state
this.userSource.next(user);
}
} // In your component
this.userService.currentUser.subscribe(user => {
this.currentUser = user;
});
Q43: What are the key theoretical concepts one should know
when getting started with Angular?
In Simple Words:
Understanding the basics of Angular helps you build your app
effectively.
Professional Approach:
Key theoretical concepts in Angular include:
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 198

• Component-based architecture: Building applications as a

collection of reusable components.
• Modules: Organizing components and services into
cohesive blocks of code.
• Templates: Using HTML and Angular directives to define
the user interface.
• Data binding: Synchronizing data between the model and
the view.
• Dependency Injection: A design pattern used to manage
service dependencies efficiently.
• Routing: Managing navigation between views and
components.
• Pipes: Allowing data transformation for display purposes.
Example: Understanding these concepts is essential for grasping
how Angular applications function and interact with users.
Q44: Reactive Forms?
In Simple Words:
Reactive Forms are a way to create forms in Angular where you
manage the form's state and validation in a more structured and
reactive manner.
Professional Approach:
Reactive Forms in Angular (also known as Model-Driven Forms)
provide a more scalable and robust approach to handling forms.
They are built around the concept of FormControl, FormGroup,
and FormArray, offering reactive programming techniques for
managing form inputs and validations.
With Reactive Forms, you create the form model in your
component class, allowing for more control over the form behavior
and validation logic. This approach is particularly beneficial for
complex forms where dynamic changes or validations are required.
Example:
1. Setup in the Module: First, you need to import
ReactiveFormsModule in your module.
import {ReactiveFormsModule}from '@angular/forms';
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 199

@NgModule({
imports: [ReactiveFormsModule],
})
export class AppModule { }
2. Creating a Reactive Form: In your component, you can create
a form model using FormGroup and FormControl.
import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import { FormGroup, FormBuilder, Validators } from'@angular/for
ms';
@Component({
selector: 'app-registration',
templateUrl: './registration.component.html'
})
export class RegistrationComponent {
registrationForm: FormGroup;
constructor(private fb: FormBuilder) {
this.registrationForm = this.fb.group({
username: ['', Validators.required],
email: ['', [Validators.required, Validators. email]],
password: ['', [Validators.required, Validators .minLength(6)]]
});
}
onSubmit() {
if (this.registrationForm.valid) {
console.log('Form Submitted', this.registrationForm.value);
}
}
}
3. HTML Template: Bind your reactive form in the template.
 .Net Core Interview Simplified | 200

<form [formGroup]="registrationForm" (ngSubmit)=

"onSubmit()">
<input formControlName="username" placeholder="Username
" />
<div *ngIf="registrationForm.get('username').invalid && registrati
onForm.get('username').touched">
Username is required.</div>
<input formControlName="email" placeholder= "Email" />
<div *ngIf="registrationForm.get('email')
.invalid &&registrationForm.get('email').touched">
Please enter a valid email.
</div>
<input type="password" formControlName=
"password" placeholder="Password" />
<div *ngIf="registrationForm.get('password').invalid && registrati
onForm.get('password').touched">
Password is required (min length 6).
</div>
<button type="submit" [disabled]="registrationForm.invalid">R
egister</button>
</form>
In summary, Reactive Forms are well-suited for complex, dynamic
forms while providing a great level of flexibility and control over
the state and validations. If you have any further questions or
would like more details, feel free to ask!