ICS Boards 2023

Chemistry

SECTION – A
Question 1

(A) Fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate word(s) from those given in the brackets:
[stable, low, aldehyde, unstable, 6, 4, ethane, Clemmensen’s, 2, 3, carboxylic acid, high, propane,
Rosenmund’s]
(i) The primary alcohols are easily oxidized first into ______ and then into ________.

Answer: The primary alcohols are easily oxidized first into aldehyde and then into carboxylic acid.

(ii) The intermediate activated complex in a chemical reaction is highly _______ due to _______ energy.

Answer: The intermediate activated complex in a chemical reaction is highly unstable due to high energy.

(iii) The coordination number and oxidation state of the complex 𝐾4 [𝐹𝑒(𝐶𝑁)6 ] are ______ and ______
respectively.

Answer: The coordination number and oxidation state of the complex 𝐾4 [𝐹𝑒(𝐶𝑁)6 ] are 6 and 2 respectively.

(iv) Propanone on reaction with zinc-amalgam in presence of conc. 𝐻𝐶𝑙 gives _______ and the reaction is
known as ________ reduction.

Answer: Propanone on reaction with zinc amalgam in presence of conc. 𝐻𝐶𝑙 gives propane and the reaction is
known as Clemmensen’s reduction.

(B) Select and write the correct alternative from the choices given below:

(i) The reaction of a primary amine with chloroform and ethanolic 𝐾𝑂𝐻 is called:
(a) Carbylamine reaction
(b) Kolbe’s reaction
(c) Reimer-Tiemann reaction
(d) Wurtz-Fitting reaction

Answer (a)
Aliphatic or aromatic primary amines on heating with chloroform give foul smelling products called
isocyanides or carbylamines and the reaction is known as carbylamine reaction.
 (ii) Which one of the following statements is TRUE for the galvanic cell?
(a) Electrons flow from copper electrode to zinc electrode.
(b) Current flows from zinc electrode to copper electrode
(c) Cations move towards copper electrode.
(d) Cations move towards zinc electrode.

Answer (c)
In Galvanic cell, following reaction occurs:
𝑍𝑛 + 𝐶𝑢2+ → 𝑍𝑛2+ + 𝐶𝑢
At anode: 𝑍𝑛 → 𝑍𝑛2+ + 2𝑒 −
At cathode: 𝐶𝑢2+ + 2𝑒 − → 𝐶𝑢
In this cell, electrons flow from anode to cathode i.e. zinc electrode to copper electrode whereas current
flows from copper electrode to zinc electrode in an external circuit. And cations i.e., 𝐶𝑢2+ ions move
towards the copper electrode.

(iii) Which one of the following compounds is diamagnetic and colourless?

(a) 𝐾2 𝐶𝑟2 𝑂7
(b) 𝑍𝑛𝑆𝑂4
(c) 𝐾𝑀𝑛𝑂4
(d) 𝐶𝑟2 (𝑆𝑂4 )3

Answer (b)
𝑍𝑛𝑠𝑂4 is a diamagnetic and colourless compound, because here 𝑍𝑛 is in +2 oxidation state i.e., its
electronic configuration will be: [𝐴𝑟]3𝑑10 . Thus, 𝑍𝑛2+ has no unpaired electrons and it is colourless.

(iv) For a first order reaction, the half-life period (𝑡1/2 ) is:
(a) Proportional to the initial concentration.
(b) Inversely proportional to the initial concentration.
(c) Proportional to the square root of the initial concentration.

Independent of the initial concentration.

Answer (d)

For a first order reaction, half-life is independent of the initial concentration of the reactant.
0.693
𝑡1/2 =
𝑘
Hence, option (D) is the correct answer.

(C) Match the following:

(i) Phenol (a) Hexane + heptane

(ii) EDTA (b) Globular protein
(iii) Ideal solution (c) Azo dye
(iv) Insulin (d) Hexadentate ligand

Answer

(i) Phenol → (c) Azo dye

(ii) EDTA → (d) Hexadentate ligand
(iii) Ideal solution → (a) hexane + heptane
(iv) Insulin → (b) Globular protein
(D)
(i) Assertion: If a solution contains both 𝐻 + and 𝑁𝑎+ ions, the 𝐻 + ions are reduced first at cathode.
Reason: Cations with higher 𝐸 0 value are reduced first at cathode.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.

(d) Assertion is false but Reason is true.

Answer (a)
Reactions at cathode:
1
𝐻 + + 𝑒 − → 𝐻2 ; 𝐸 0 = 0.0 𝑉
2
𝑁𝑎+ + 𝑒 − → 𝑁𝑎; 𝐸 0 = −2.71 𝑉
The cations having higher positive reduction potential will be reduced first at the cathode, that’s why 𝐻 +
reduced first at the cathode.

(ii) Assertion: Addition of bromine water to 1-butene gives two optical isomers.
Reason: The product formed contains two asymmetric carbon atoms.

(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not correct explanation for Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false but Reason is true.

Answer (c)

Addition of bromine water to 1-butene gives two optical isomers as the product contains only one
asymmetric carbon.

Hence, the assertion is true, but reason is false.

SECTION – B
Question 2

Calculate the mass of ascorbic acid (molecular mass = 176 g/mol) that should be dissolved in 155 g of acetic acid
to cause a depression of freezing point by 1.15 K. Assume that ascorbic acid does not dissociate or associate in the
solution.
(𝐾𝑓 for acetic acid =3.9 𝐾 𝑘𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙)

Answer: Depression in freezing point = 1.15 𝐾

As we know, ∆𝑇𝑓 = 𝑖𝐾𝑓 𝑚
𝑥
⇒ ∆𝑇𝑓 = 1 × 3.9 ×
176×0.155
1.15×176×0.155
⇒ =𝑥
3.9
i.e. 𝑥 = 8.044 𝑔
Thus, mass of ascorbic acid will be 8.044 𝑔.
Question 3

Given a reason for the following:

(i) 𝐶𝑢2+ salts are paramagnetic while 𝐶𝑢+ salts are diamagnetic.

Answer:

𝐶𝑢2+ has one unpaired electron. Therefore, it is paramagnetic. 𝐶𝑢+ has no unpaired electrons. Therefore, it is
diamagnetic.
(ii) 𝑀𝑛2+ compounds are more stable than 𝐹𝑒 2+ compounds.
Answer:
𝑀𝑛2+ : 1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 , 2𝑝6 , 3𝑠 2 , 3𝑝6 , 3𝑑 5
𝐹𝑒 2+ : 1𝑠 2 , 2𝑠 2 , 2𝑝6 , 3𝑠 2 , 3𝑝6 , 3𝑑 6
𝑀𝑛2+ compounds are more stable due to half-filled d-orbitals. 𝐹𝑒 2+ compounds are comparatively less
stable as they have six electrons in their 3d-orbitals. So, they tend to lose one electron (form 𝐹𝑒 3+ ) and get
stable 3𝑑 5 configuration.

Question 4

Given chemical equations for each of the following:

(i) Ethyl chloride is treated with aqueous KOH solution.

Answer: Ethyl chloride undergoes a nucleophilic substitution reaction when treated with aqueous KOH solution &
gives ethanol as a major product.
𝐶2 𝐻5 𝐶𝑙 + 𝑎𝑞. 𝐾𝑂𝐻 → 𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻 + 𝐾𝐶𝑙
(ii) Chlorobenzene is treated with ammonia at 573 K and high pressure.

Answer: Chlorobenzene on reaction with ammonia at 573 K and high pressure gives aniline as a major product.
𝐶6 𝐻5 𝐶𝑙 + 𝑁𝐻3 → 𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁𝐻2 + 𝐻𝐶𝑙

Question 5
State one reason for each of the following:
(i) Alkylamine is soluble in water whereas arylamine is insoluble in water.

Answer: Lower aliphatic alkylamine is soluble in water owing to their potential to form intermolecular hydrogen
bonds with water. On the other hand, arylamine does not undergo hydrogen bonding because of the
presence of the benzene which is highly hydrophobic. Therefore, arylamine is insoluble in water.
 (ii) Methylamine is a stronger base than methyl alcohol.
Answer: Methylamine is a stronger base than methyl alcohol. This is because nitrogen in methylamine is less
electronegative than oxygen in methanol. So, methylamine can easily donate a lone pair of electrons to a proton
of an acid.

Question 6
Calculate the emf of the following cell at 298 K.
2+ +
𝐶𝑢/𝐶𝑢(0.025 𝑀) //𝐴𝑔(0.005𝑀) /𝐴𝑔
0 0
Given 𝐸𝐶𝑢 2+ /𝐶𝑢 = 0.34𝑉, 𝐸𝐴𝑔 + /𝐴𝑔 = 0.80 𝑉,

1 Faraday- 96500 𝐶 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1

Answer:
𝐶𝑢/𝐶𝑢2+ //𝐴𝑔+ /𝐴𝑔; 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝐶𝑢 + 2𝐴𝑔+ → 2𝐴𝑔 + 𝐶𝑢2+
0
𝐸𝐶𝑢 2+ /𝐶𝑢 = 0.34𝑉

0
𝐸𝐴𝑔 + /𝐴𝑔 = 0.80𝑉

According to Nernst equation:

0 0.0591 [𝐶𝑢2+]
𝐸𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 = 𝐸𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔
2 [𝐴𝑔 +]2
0.0591 0.025
⇒ 𝐸𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 = (0.80 − 0.34) − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (0.005)2
2
0.0591
⇒ 𝐸𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 = 0.46 − ( × 3)
2

⇒ 𝐸𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 = 0.371 𝑉

Question 7

Complete and balance the following chemical equations:

(i) 𝐾𝑀𝑛𝑂4 + 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 + 𝐾𝐼 → _____ + _______ + _______ + _______
(ii) 𝐾2 𝐶𝑟2 𝑂7 + 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 + 𝐻2 𝑆 → _______ + _______ + _______ + ________

Answer:

(i) 2KMnO4 + 8H2SO4 + 10KI → 2MnSO4 + 6K2SO4 + 5I2 + 8H2O

(ii) K2Cr2O7 + 4H2SO4 + 3H2S → K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + 3S + 7H2O

Question 8
(i) How will the following be obtained? (Give chemical equation)
a) Ethanol from Grignard's reagent.
b) Diethyl ether from sodium ethoxide.
OR
(ii) An organic compound [A] 𝐶2 𝐻6 𝑂, on heating with conc. 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 at 413 K gives a neutral compound
[B] 𝐶4 𝐻10 𝑂. Compound [B] on treatment with 𝑃𝐶𝑙5 gives a product, which on subsequent
treatment with KCN yields compound [C] 𝐶3 𝐻5 𝑁. [A]. [B] [C] and [D] on hydrolysis gives an acid
[D] 𝐶3 𝐻6 𝑂2 . Identify the compounds [A], [B], [C] and [D].
Answer:
i)
a)

b)
Preparation of Diethyl ether by Williamson's ether synthesis:
Δ
𝐶𝐻3 − 𝐶𝐻2 − 𝑂 − 𝑁𝑎 + + 𝐵𝑟 − 𝐶𝐻2 − 𝐶𝐻3 → 𝐶𝐻3 − 𝐶𝐻2 − 𝑂 − 𝐶𝐻2 − 𝐶𝐻3 + 𝑁𝑎𝐵𝑟
Sodium Ethoxide Ethyl Bromide Diethyl Ether

OR

(ii)

Question 9

The osmotic pressure of blood at 37∘ 𝐶 is 8.21 atm. How much glucose in grams should be used per litre of
aqueous solution for an intravenous injection so that it is isotonic with blood? (Molecular weight of glucose =180 g
/mol)

Answer:
𝜋 = 8.21 𝑎𝑡𝑚, 𝑇 = 273 + 37 = 310 𝐾
Isotonic solutions are solution having equal osmotic pressure.
We know;
𝜋 = 𝑖𝐶 𝑅 𝑇
𝑚
8.21 = × 0.082 × 310
𝑀× 1
8.21×180
𝑚=
0.082×310
𝑚 = 58.13 𝑔
Question 10
An aromatic carboxylic acid [A] which readily sublimes on heating, produces compound [B] on treatment with
𝑃𝐶𝑙5 . Compound [B], when reduced in the presence of Pd catalyst over 𝐵𝑎𝑆𝑂4 poisoned by sulphur in xylene
solution gives compound [C]. When compound [C] is condensed in the presence of alcoholic 𝐾𝐶𝑁, it gives
compound [D]. (Molecular formula of compound [D] is 𝐶14 𝐻12 𝑂2 )
Identify the compounds [A], [B], [C] and [D].

Answer:

Question 11
State a reason for each of the following:
(i) 𝐿𝑎(𝑂𝐻)3 is more basic than 𝐿𝑢(𝑂𝐻)3 .
(ii) Transition elements and their compounds act as catalyst.
Answer:
(i)
The basic strength of hydroxides is 𝐿𝑎(𝑂𝐻)3 > 𝐿𝑢(𝑂𝐻)3 . Due to lanthanide contraction, size of 𝑀3+ ions
decrease from La to Lu. Thus, there is an increase in the covalent character of 𝐿𝑢 − 𝑂𝐻 bond. (Small
cation, more is covalent character - Fajan's rule).

(ii)
Transition metals and their compounds function as catalysts because of their ability to show variable
oxidation state and to form complexes.

SECTION C - 21 MARKS

Question 12

20% of a first order reaction is completed in five minutes. How much time will the 60% reaction take to
complete? Calculate the half-life period (t1/2) for the above reaction.
Answer:
In 5 minutes, the reaction is 20% complete.
[𝐴]0 = 100 and [𝐴] = 100 − 20 = 80
2.303 [𝐴]0
𝑘= 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 [𝐴]
𝑡
2.303 100
𝑘= 𝑙𝑜𝑔10
5 𝑚𝑖𝑛 80
𝑘 = 0.0446 𝑚𝑖𝑛−1
Now, the reaction is 60% complete.
[𝐴]0 = 100 and [𝐴] = 100 − 60 = 40
 2.303 [𝐴]0
𝑡= 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 [𝐴]
𝑘
2.303 100
𝑡= 𝑙𝑜𝑔10
0.0446 𝑚𝑖𝑛−1 40
𝑡 = 20.5 𝑚𝑖𝑛
0.693 0.693
𝐴𝑛𝑑, 𝑡1/2 = = = 15.538 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑘 0.0446

Question 13
Write the balanced chemical equations for the following name reactions:
(i) Sandmeyer's reaction
(ii) Wurtz reaction
(iii) Finkelstein reaction

Answer:

(i) Sandmeyer reaction is a type of substitution reaction that is widely used in the production of aryl halides
from aryl diazonium salts.

(ii) Wurtz’s reaction is an organic chemical coupling reaction wherein sodium metal is reacted with two alkyl
halides in the environment provided by a solution of dry ether in order to form a higher alkane.
𝐷𝑟𝑦 𝐸𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟
2 𝑅 − 𝑋 + 2 𝑁𝑎 → 𝑅 − 𝑅 + 2 𝑁𝑎𝑋

(iii) In the Finkelstein reaction, alkyl iodides are prepared by the reaction of alkyl chlorides/bromides with
NaI in dry acetone.
𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒
2 𝑅 − 𝑋 + 2 𝑁𝑎𝐼 → 𝑅 − 𝐼 + 2 𝑁𝑎𝑋
(X = Cl, Br)

Question 14

(i) Give an example each of reducing sugar and non-reducing sugar.

(ii) What is denaturation of proteins?
(iii) Give an example each of water soluble vitamin and fat soluble vitamin.
Answer:
(i) Reducing sugars are sugars where the anomeric carbon has an -OH group attached that can reduce
other compounds. Non-reducing sugars do not have an -OH group attached to the anomeric carbon so
they cannot reduce other compounds.
Reducing sugar: Maltose
Non-reducing sugar: Sucrose

(ii) When a protein in its native form, is subjected to physical change like change in temperature or
chemical change like change in pH, the hydrogen bonds are disturbed. Due to this, globules unfold
and the helix gets uncoiled and protein loses its biological activity. This is called denaturation of
protein.

(iii) Water soluble vitamin: Vitamin C

Fat soluble vitamin: Vitamin A, D, E and K
Question 15
When 2g of benzoic acid is dissolved in 25 g of benzene, it shows depression in freezing point equal to 1.62
K. Molal depression constant (𝐾𝑓 ) of benzene is 4.9 𝐾 𝑘𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 and molecular weight of benzoic acid = 122
g/mol. What will be the percentage association of the benzoic acid?
(Benzoic acid forms dimer when dissolved in benzene)
Answer:
Given,
𝑊𝐵 = 2 𝑔, 𝐾𝑓 = 4.9 𝐾 𝑘𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1
𝑊𝐴 = 25 𝑔, Δ𝑇𝑓 = 1.62 𝐾
𝑁𝑜𝑤,
𝑊 1000
Δ𝑇𝑓 = 𝑖 × 𝐾𝑓 × 𝐵 ×
𝑀𝐵 𝑊𝐴
1.62×25×122
𝑖= = 0.504
4.9×2×1000

As, i = 1 + (1/n -1) α (Here, n is 2, since benzoic acid undergo dimerization in benzene)
0.504 = 1 – 0.5α
α = 0.992 = 99.2%
∴ Degree of association of benzene = 99.2 %

Question 16
Account for the following:
(i) Phenol is a stronger acid than aliphatic alcohols.
(ii) Ethanol gives iodoform reaction whereas methanol does not give iodoform reaction.
(iii) Ethers should not be distilled to dryness.

Answer:
(i) When a molecule of phenol loses a proton, it forms a phenoxide ion which is stabilized by resonance as
the negative charge is delocalized over the aromatic nucleus. No such resonance is present when an
alcohol loses a proton to form alkoxide ion. Hence, phenols are more acidic than alcohols.

(ii) Iodoform (in general haloform) reaction is given by ketones having methyl group attached to carbonyl
carbon. Any compound that can be oxidized to a methyl ketone, also gives haloform reaction.
Thus, ethyl alcohol 𝐶𝐻3 − 𝐶𝐻2 − 𝑂𝐻 can be oxidized to acetaldehyde which contains methyl keto group.
Hence, ethyl alcohol, can give haloform reaction. But methyl alcohol 𝐶𝐻3 − 𝑂𝐻 does not form Iodoform
as methyl alcohol cannot be oxidised to a compound containing methyl keto group as methyl alcohol
has only one C-atom.

(iii) Heating ethers can also cause the formation of peroxides, especially towards the end of a
distillation when a large amount of heat is being passed through a decreasing amount of liquid.
For this reason, it is a standing rule in chemistry labs that ethers should never be distilled
dryness.
Question 17
(i) Identify the compounds [A], [B] and [C] in the following reactions:

OR

(ii) How will the following be converted? (Give chemical equation)

(a) Ethyl bromide to ethyl isocyanide.
(b) Aniline to benzene diazonium chloride.
(c) Benzene diazonium chloride to phenol.
Answer:

(i)

(ii)

(a) Ethyl bromide will react with alcoholic AgCN to form ethyl isocyanide.

(b) Diazotization of Aniline with NaNO2/HCl gives Benzene diazonium chloride.

𝑁𝑎𝑁𝑂2 + 𝐻𝐶𝑙 ⟶ 𝐻𝑁𝑂2 + 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙

(c) The diazonium salt or diazonium chloride, on heating in the aqueous acidic medium, liberates nitrogen
and forms phenol as a product.
Question 18

A first order reaction is 50% completed in 40 minutes at 300 K and in 20 minutes at 320 K. Calculate the
activation energy of the reaction.
Answer:
When the first order reaction is 50% completed, the time is equal to half life period.
A first order reaction is 50% completed in 40 minutes at 300 K and in 20 minutes at 320 K.
𝑡1/2 = 40 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠
𝑡′1/2 = 20 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠

The Arrhenius equation and temperature variation is given by the expression:

𝑘′ 𝐸𝑎 𝑇 ′−𝑇
𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) = [ ]
𝑘 2.303𝑅 𝑇𝑇′
0.693 1
Also, 𝑡1/2 = 𝑜𝑟 𝑡1/2 ∝
𝑘 𝑘
𝑡1/2 𝐸𝑎 𝑇 ′−𝑇
Hence, log ( )= [ ]
𝑡′1/2 2.303𝑅 𝑇𝑇′

𝑡1/2 𝐸𝑎 320𝐾−300𝐾
log ( )= [ ]
𝑡′1/2 2.303×8.314 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙.𝐾 300𝐾×320𝐾
𝐸𝑎
0.3010 = [0.0002083/𝐾]
19.147 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙.𝐾
𝐸𝑎 = 27668 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙

Question 19

(i) Write the chemical equations to illustrate the following name reactions:
(a) Cannizzaro’s reaction
(b) HVZ reaction
(c) Aldol condensation
(ii) How will the following be converted? (Give chemical equation)
(a) Acetaldehyde to acetone
(b) Formaldehyde to urotropine
Answer:
(a) Cannizzaro’s reaction:
Aldehydes which do not contain alpha hydrogen when treated with a concentrated solution of an alkali
undergoes self oxidation-reduction. As a result, one molecule of aldehyde is reduced to the corresponding
alcohol while the other molecule is oxidized to the corresponding acid.

(b) HVZ reaction:

Carboxylic acids having an α-hydrogen are halogenated at the α-position on treatment with chlorine or
bromine in the presence of small amount of red phosphorus to give α-halocarboxylic acids. The reaction
is known as Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction.
 (c) Aldol condensation:
Aldehydes and ketones having at least one α-hydrogen undergo a reaction in the presence of dilute
alkali as catalyst to form β-hydroxy aldehydes (aldol) or β-hydroxy ketones (ketol), respectively, and then
followed by dehydration to give α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compound.

(ii)
(a) Acetaldehyde to acetone:

(b) Formaldehyde to urotropine:

When formaldehyde reacts with ammonia, a well known urinary antiseptic urotropine (also called
hexamethylenetetramine) is obtained.

Question 20

(i) Name the type of isomerism exhibited by the following pairs of compounds.
(a) [Co(NH3)5(ONO)]Cl2 and [Co(NH3)5(NO2)]Cl2
(b) [Cr(H2O)5Cl]Cl2. H2O and [Cr(H2O)4Cl2]Cl.2H2O
(c) [Pt(NH3)4Cl2]Br2 and [Pt(NH3)4Br2]Cl2

(ii) Write the IUPAC names of the following complexes:

(a) [Co(NH3)4(H2O)2]Cl3
(b) K2[Ni(CN)4]
Answer:
(i)
(a) [Co(NH3)5(ONO)]Cl2 and [Co(NH3)5(NO2)]Cl2: Linkage Isomers
(b) [Cr(H2O)5Cl]Cl2.H2O and [Cr(H2O)4Cl2]Cl.2H2O: Hydrate Isomers
(c) [Pt(NH3)4Cl2]Br2 and Pt(NH3)4Br2]Cl2: Ionization Isomers

(ii) IUPAC Name:

(a) [Co(NH3)4(H2O)2]Cl3 : Tetraamminediaquacobalt (III) chloride
(b) K2[Ni(CN)4] : Potassium tetracyanonickelate (II)
Question 21

(i) The specific conductance of 2.5 × 10−4 𝑀 formic acid is 5.25 × 10−5 𝑜ℎ𝑚−1 𝑐𝑚−1 .
Calculate its molar conductivity and degree of dissociation.
Given 𝜆0(𝐻)+ = 349.5 𝑜ℎ𝑚−1 𝑐𝑚2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 and
𝜆0(𝐻𝑐𝑜𝑜)− = 50.5 𝑜ℎ𝑚−1 𝑐𝑚2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1

(ii) Calculate the time taken to deposit 1.27 g of copper at cathode when a current of 2 amp. is passed
through the solution of CuSO4.
(Atomic weight of Cu = 63.5 g mol-1)

OR

(i) The resistance of a conductivity cell with 0.1M KCl solution is 200 ohm. When the same cell is filled with
0.02 M NaCl solution, the resistance is 1100 ohm. If the conductivity of 0.1 M KCl solution is 0.0129
ohm1cm-1. Calculate the cell constant and molar conductivity of 0.02 M NaCl solution.
0
(ii) The emf (𝐸𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 ) of the following reaction is 0.89 V.
3𝑆𝑛4+ + 2𝐶𝑟 ⟶ 3𝑆𝑛2+ + 2𝐶𝑟 3+
Calculate the value of ∆𝐺 0 for the reaction. Predict whether the above reaction will be spontaneous or not.

Answer:
i).
1000×𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑘)
We know molar conductivity, (𝜆𝑚 ) =
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑐)
1000×5.25×10−5 2 −1
𝜆𝑚 = = 210 𝑆𝑐𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑙
2.5×10−4

𝜆0𝐻𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 = 𝜆0𝐻 + + 𝜆0(𝐻𝐶𝑂𝑂 −) = (349.5 + 50.5) = 400 𝑆𝑐𝑚2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1

𝜆𝑚 210
∴𝛼= = = 0.525
𝜆0 400
𝑂𝑟, 𝛼 = 52.5%

ii)
Given, mass of Cu deposited (z) = 1.27 g
Current, I = 2 A
Molar mass of Cu = 63.5 g mol-1, 1F = 96500 C mol-1
Reaction taking place: 𝐶𝑢2+ + 2𝑒 − ⟶ 𝐶𝑢
By Faraday’s first law,

𝑊 = 𝑧𝑄(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑄 = 𝐼𝑡)
𝑊 = 𝑧𝐼𝑡 …..(1)

Where W, amount of substance deposited = 1.27g

I, current = 2 A and t = time
𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 63.5
𝑍= =
𝑛𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛×𝐹 2×96500

Substituting all values in equation (1)

63.5×2×𝑡
1.27 =
2×96500
𝑡 = 1930 𝑠

OR

i)
For 0.1 M KCl:
Resistance = 200 Ω
𝑘 = 0.0129 Ω−1 𝑐𝑚−1
𝑥 𝑥
As, 𝑘 = 𝐺𝑥 = =
𝑅 200
⇒ 0.0129 × 200 = 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
⇒ 𝑥 = 2.58 𝑐𝑚−1

For 0.02 M NaCl: R = 1100 Ω

And cell constant = x = 2.58 cm-1
𝑥 2.58 −1
So, 𝑘 = = Ω 𝑐𝑚−1
𝑅 1100
𝑘 2.58
And, 𝜆𝑚 = × 1000 = × 1000 = 117.27 Ω−1 𝑐𝑚2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1
𝑐 1100×0.02

ii)
Δ𝐺 0 = −𝑛𝐹𝐸 0
Given, 𝐸 0 = 0.89 𝑉
𝑆𝑛4+ + 2𝑒 − ⟶ 𝑆𝑛2+ (𝐴𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑𝑒)

𝐶𝑟 ⟶ 𝐶𝑟 3+ + 3𝑒 − (𝐴𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒)

3𝑆𝑛4+ + 2𝐶𝑟 ⟶ 3𝑆𝑛2+ + 2𝐶𝑟 3+

Here n = 6
So,
∆𝐺 0 = −6 × 96500 × 0.89 = −515310 𝐽 = −515.3 𝑘𝐽

Hence, as the value of standard Gibbs free energy is negative i.e., reaction will be spontaneous in nature .