SWAYAM NPTEL ONLINE COURSE

NUMERICAL METHODS
ASSIGNMENT - 6 SOLUTIONS

1. The difference table is

x f ∆f ∆2 f ∆3 f ∆4 f ∆5 f ∆6 f
1.0 7.989 0.414 -0.036 0.006 -0.002 0.001 0.002
1.1 8.403 0.378 -0.030 0.004 -0.001 0.003
1.2 8.781 0.348 -0.026 0.003 0.002
1.3 9.129 0.322 -0.023 0.005
1.4 9.451 0.299 -0.018
1.5 9.750 0.281
1.6 10.031

Here h = 0.1, x1 = 1.1, p = 0.

Using Newton’s forward difference formula,
   
df 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6
= ∆f0 − ∆ f1 + ∆ f1 − ∆ f1 + ∆ f1 − ∆ f1
dx x=x1 =1.1 h 2 3 4 5 6
 
1 1 1 1 1
= 0.378 − (−0.03) + (0.004) − (−0.001) + (0.003)
0.1 2 3 4 5
= 3.9518
and
d2 f
   
1 2 3 11 4 5 5 137 6
= 2 ∆ f1 − ∆ f1 + ∆ f1 − ∆ f1 + ∆ f1
dx2 x=x1 =1.1 h 12 6 180
 
1 11 5
= −0.03 − (0.004) + (−0.001) − (0.003)
(0.1)2 12 6
= −3.7417
Hence, the correct option is (D).
2. The divided difference table is :
x f (x) 1st DD 2nd DD 3rd DD 4th DD
3 -13 18 16 1 0
5 23 146 40 1
11 899 1026 69
27 17315 2613
34 35606

Here x0 = 3, x1 = 5, x2 = 11, x3 = 27 and x = 10.

By using Newton’s divided difference formula, we get

f (x) = x3 − 3x2 − 7x + 8
Hence, f ′ (10) = 233
Hence, the correct option is(C).
3. We have the difference table as follows :
x f (x) ∇f ∇2 f ∇3 f ∇4 f
1961 19.96
1971 36.65 16.69
1981 58.81 22.16 5.47
1991 77.21 18.40 -3.76 -9.23
2001 94.61 17.40 -1.00 2.76 11.99
 To find the growth in the year 2001, we use Newton’s backward difference formula for differentiation,
   
dy 1 1 2 1 3 1 4
= ∇yn + ∇ yn + ∇ yn + ∇ yn = 2.08175
dx x=xn h 2 3 4

Hence, the correct option is (D).

4. The difference table is:

t x ∆x ∆2 x ∆3 x ∆4 x
0 30.13 1.49 -0.24 -0.24 0.26
0.1 31.62 1.25 -0.48 -0.02
0.2 32.87 0.77 -0.46
0.3 33.64 0.31
0.4 33.95

Here h = 0.1 and t = t0 = 0.2.

Using, Stirling’s formula,
   
dx 1 1 1 3 3
∴ = (∆x0 + ∆x−1 ) − (∆ x−1 + ∆ x−2 )
dt t=t0 =0.2 h 2 12
1
= [1.01 + 0.0183]
0.1
= 10.2833

and
d2 x
   
1 2 1 4 1 6
∴ = ∆ x −1 − ∆ x −2 + ∆ x −3
dt2 t=t0 =0.2 h2 12 90
 
1 1
= −0.48 − (0.26)
0.01 12
= −50.17

Hence correct option is (A).

5. The difference table is :

x y ∆y ∆2 y ∆3 y ∆4 y ∆5 y ∆6 y
0 135 14 -6 24 -50 70 -86
300 149 8 18 -26 20 -16
600 157 26 -8 -6 4
900 183 18 -14 -2
1200 201 4 -16
1500 205 -12
1800 193

Using Stirling’s formula,

   
dy 1 1 1 1
= (18 + 26) − (−6 − 26) + (−16 + 70)
dx x=900 300 2 12 60
1
= (22 + 2.666 + 0.9)
300
= 0.085

Hence, the correct option is (B).

6. Solve as discussed in week 6, lecture slide no. 26.
The correct option is (C).
7. Let f (x) = sin x. Then f ′ (x) = cos x The difference table is :

2
 x y ∆y ∆2 y ∆3 y
1.74 0.9857 -0.0076 -0.0014 -0.0003
1.78 0.9781 -0.0090 -0.0017
1.82 0.9691 -0.0107
1.84 0.9584

We use Newton’s forward difference formula to calculate f ′ (1.74).

Here x0 = 1.74, h = 0.04 and p = 0.
   
dy 1 1 1 1
= ∆y0 − ∆2 y0 + ∆3 y0 − ∆4 y0
dx at x=1.74 h 2 3 4
 
1 1 1
= 0.0076 − (−0.0014) + (−0.0003)
0.04 2 3
= −0.175
Hence, the correct Option is (B).
du
8. We required to compute the point where dt = 0.
The difference table is:
t u ∆u ∆2 u ∆3 u
0.00 1.000 -0.216 0.081 0.022
0.25 0.784 -0.135 0.103 0.030
0.50 0.649 0.032 0.133 0.038
0.75 0.617 0.101 0.171 0.049
1.00 0.718 0.272 0.220
1.25 0.990 0.492
1.50 1.482

Note: It is clear from the 1st difference that the point du

dt = 0, should be near t = 0.75. Using
Newton’s forward difference formula, taking t0 = 0.75, we have
3p2 − 6p + 2 3
 
du 1 2p − 1 2
= ∆u0 + ∆ u0 + ∆ u0
dt h 2 6
4
0.606 + 0.513(2p − 1) + (3p2 − 6p + 2)(0.049)

=
6
4
0.191 + 0.732p + 0.147p2

=
6
Now,
du
=0
dx
4
0.191 + 0.732p + 0.147p2 = 0

=⇒
6
=⇒ p = −0.2763 or − −4.7033
We take p = −0.2763, since the other value is too large (in modulus).
So the required time is,
t = t0 + ph = 0.75 + (−0.2763) × (0.25) = 0.6809
Correct answer is not mentioned in the given options. This question is undergoing
re-evaluation due to missing correct answer in the options. An announcement will be
made once the re-evaluation is complete.
9. The difference table is :
x y ∆y ∆2 y ∆3 y
0.60 0.6221 -0.0066 0.0049 0
0.65 0.6155 -0.0017 0.0049
0.70 0.6138 0.0032
0.75 0.6170

3
 Here x0 = 0.60 and h = 0.05.
Using Newton’s forward difference formula for differentiation,
dy 2p − 1
= −0.0066 + (0.0049)
dx 2
For y to be minimum,
dy
= 0 =⇒ p = 1.8469
dx
x − x0
∴p= = 1.8469 =⇒ x = 0.6923
h
Hence, the correct option is (C).
10. The difference table is :

x y ∆y ∆2 y ∆3 y ∆4 y ∆5 y ∆6 y
7.48 0.173 0.009 -0.005 -0.015 0.028 -0.047 0.076
7.49 0.182 0.014 -0.01 0.013 -0.019 0.029
7.50 0.196 0.004 0.003 -0.006 0.01
7.51 0.2 0.007 -0.003 0.004
7.52 0.207 0.004 -0.001
7.52 0.211 0.005
7.53 0.216

Using Bessel’s interpolation formula,

   
dy 1 1 2 2
 1 3 1  4 4
 1 5 1  6 6
= ∆y0 − ∆ y0 + ∆ y−1 + ∆ y−1 + ∆ y−1 + ∆ y−2 − ∆ y−2 − ∆ y−2 + ∆ y−3
dx x=7.51 h 4 12 24 120 120
= 0.525

Hence, the correct option is (A).