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SSE Lecture Eurocode 0 and 1 For Handout 2023

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45 views40 pages

SSE Lecture Eurocode 0 and 1 For Handout 2023

Uploaded by

Stems Consultants
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Do we develop our own suite of Sri Lankan National codes


or adopt Eurocodes?

Developing a national code requires a great deal of time,


effort and resources which as a developing nation we can
ill afford.

Eurocodes
It was thus necessary to adopt Eurocodes with
relevant national annexes to design structures in
Sri Lanka.
What then are Eurocodes ?
……………and in SRI LANKA National Annexes are available for
EN 1990 – Basis of Structural Design
Published in 2002

Unique - World’s first ‘material independent’


design code.

Core document that establishes the principles


and requirements relating to
safety,
serviceability,
durability and
robustness

for designing

buildings, bridges and towers inclusive of


masts, silos, and chimneys.
CONTENTS

SECTION 1 – General

SECTION 2 – Requirements

SECTION 3 – Principles of Limit State Design

SECTION 4 – Basic Variables

SECTION 5 – Structural Analysis and Design Assisted by Testing

SECTION 6 – Verification by the Partial Factor Method

ANNEX A – (Normative) Application for Buildings

ANNEX B – (Informative) Management of Structural Reliability for Construction Works


ANNEX C – (Informative) Basis for Partial Factor Design and Reliability Analysis
ANNEX D – (Informative) Design assisted by testing
1.1 Scope SECTION 1
1.2 Normative References
1.3 Assumptions
1.4 Distinction between Principles and Application Rules
1.5 Terms and Definitions
1.6 Symbols
An Example

Principle
Rules

Application
Rules
Distinction
between
Principles
and
Application
Rules
Table NA.2.1 provides modified values for the design working life given in Table 2.1 of SLS EN 1990. NOTE: The values of
design working life in Table NA.2.1 are indicative. Alternative values of design working life may be determined for the individual
project, with the concurrence of the relevant authorities.

Table NA.2.1 — Indicative design working Life


Design Indicative
working life design
Examples
category working life
(years)
1 10 Temporary structuresa
2 10 to 30 Replaceable structural parts, e.g. gantry girders, bearings
3 15 to 30 Agricultural and similar structures
Building structures and other common structures, not listed elsewhere
4 50 in this table
Monumental building structures, highway and railway bridges, and other
5 100 to120 civil engineering structures
a Structures or parts of structures that can be dismantled with a view of being re‐used should not be considered as
temporary.
Classification of Actions
Variation in time: Permanent Variable or Accidental
Origin: Direct or Indirect
Spatial Variation: Fixed or Free
Nature and/or structural response: Static or Dynamic
EN 1990 – Direct and Indirect Actions
Indirect actions are caused Direct actions are
by loads applied directly to
temperature changes, the structure
moisture variation, – people and furniture
uneven settlements
or
earthquakes
Accidental design situations,
Persistent design situations,
exceptional conditions applicable to the
conditions of normal use
structure or to its exposure
e.g. fire, explosion, impact or the consequences
of local failure

Design
situations
are
classified
in EN 1990
as

Transient design situations, Seismic design situations,


temporary conditions applicable to the structure conditions applicable to the structure
e.g. during execution or repair when subject to seismic events
Verification of Static Equilibrium and Resistance
Concept of partial safety factors
for both resistance and actions
for different limit states

Design action = γf x Characteristic action


Design Resistance = Characteristic Resistance / γm

Design Actions < Design Resistance


Ed < Rd
Ψ0 introduced to the
leading variable

ξ introduced to
permanent action
γ and ψ Factors γG = 1.35
γQ = 1.5

Specified in National Annexe

γ Partial safety factor for Increases characteristic


actions load to allow for
uncertainties
ψ Combination factor Reduces loads when in
combination with other
variable loads
Live load as leading Wind load as leading
variable load variable load
Variable Actions have two possible values
an upper characteristic value – maximum
Lower value – usually zero

Uplift effects
Maximum snow load
snow load taken as zero
Ψ factors
Combination value ψ0
Irreversible limit state including functioning of
structure, damage to finishes or non structural
elements
Frequent value ψ1
Reversible limit state

Quasi Permanent value ψ2


Reversible limit state and long term effects such
as creep

Combination value ψ0 usually has a value of 0.7.


Exceptions are for
storage area where ψ0 = 1.0; and wind loads where ψ0 = 0.5

Frequent and quasi permanent combinations are not relevant to the design of steel structures
Nationally Determined Combination gamma factors
Parameters (NDP's)
(Eurocode)
Extracted from Tekla Structural
Designer 2020

The Eurocode has differing NDP’s for


the Eurocode (Base) and for each of
Eurocode (UK), Eurocode (Irish) etc.
These are defined in the relevant
country's National Annex.
Gamma (γ) factors and psi (Ψ)
factors for each National Annex are
listed below:
Psi
factors
Example – Floor Beam in an office building

Using familiar terminology, the design load at the ultimate limit state for a steel beam that is required
to carry a dead load of 10 kN/m and an imposed load 12 kN/m is determined. Using the terminology
of the Eurocode, the characteristic value of the permanent action is 10 kN/m and there is only a
single variable action, whose characteristic value is 12 kN/m. The determination of the design action
is.

Design action for floor beam at ultimate limit state


Extracted from:
Institution of Structural
Engineers(2010) Manual for the
design of steelwork building
structures to Eurocode 3
Serviceability
limit states
Example - Serviceability loads on a steel beam
supporting an office floor

Using the previous example of the floor beam subject to dead and
imposed loads and the terminology of the Eurocode, the characteristic
value of the permanent action is 10 kN/m and there is only a single
variable action, whose characteristic value is 12 kN/m. The
determination of the design action at the serviceability limit state is
shown in Table 5. The ψ factors are obtained assuming that the steel
beam supports an office floor.

Design action for floor beam at serviceability limit state

Design
Combination of
Ex: Action
actions
kN/m
6.14b 1.0x10 + 1.0x12 22.0
6.15b 1.0x10 + 0.5x12 16.0
6.16b 1.0x10 + 0.3x12 13.6
EN 1991‐1 General EN 1991‐1‐1
Actions

EN 1991‐1‐2

EN 1991‐1‐3

EN 1991‐2 Traffic
Loads on Bridges
EN 1991‐1‐4

EN 1991‐3 Actions
induced by cranes
and machinery
EN 1991
EN 1991‐1‐5

EN 1991 ‐4 Actions
in Silos and Tanks EN 1991‐1‐7

EN 1991‐1‐6
REDUCTION FACTORS
FOR IMPOSED LOADING

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