International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES)

Vol. 14, No. 1, March 2025, pp. 69~78

ISSN: 2089-4864, DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v14.i1.pp69-78  69

Algorithm-driven development of a simulation tool for

industrial manipulator stability analysis

Shabnom Mustary1, Mohammod Abul Kashem1, Mohammad Asaduzzaman Chowdhury2, Jia Uddin3
1
Department of Computer and Software Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology (DUET), Gazipur, Bangladesh
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology (DUET), Gazipur, Bangladesh
3
Department of AI and Big Data, Endicott College, Woosong University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

Article Info ABSTRACT

Article history: Industrial manipulators are essential to many manufacturing processes
because they increase efficiency and productivity dramatically. However,
Received Jun 10, 2024 maintaining operational safety and averting potential risks in industrial
Revised Sep 10, 2024 environments requires that these manipulators be stable. The development and
Accepted Sep 28, 2024 implementation of an entirely algorithm-driven novel simulation tool intended
to assess industrial manipulators’ stability in-depth are presented in this
research. The suggested tool combines sophisticated mathematical models
Keywords: with the material properties of the manipulator, such as deflection, stiffness,
and damping. To analyses the dynamic behaviour of manipulators under
Algorithm various operating situations, a hypothetical simulation technique to assess the
Evaluation stability of robot manipulators combined with material properties is taken into
Manipulator consideration. The simulation tool offers vital insights into the stability
Material parameters characteristics of manipulators, allowing engineers and designers to enhance
Simulation their performance and guarantee operational safety. The simulation tool’s
Stability usefulness is showcased through case studies and comparative evaluations,
emphasizing its capacity to improve the design and implementation of
industrial manipulators in practical situations. In summary, this research
enhances the field of industrial automation by offering a strong framework for
assessing and upgrading the stability of manipulator systems. This, in turn,
improves productivity and safety in industrial settings.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.

Corresponding Author:
Jia Uddin
Department of AI and Big Data, Endicott College, Woosong University
Daejeon, South Korea, Republic of Korea
Email: [email protected]

1. INTRODUCTION
This study discusses a simulation tool for assessing industrial manipulator stability, highlighting its
applications in manufacturing. It provides case examples and validation evaluations, highlighting its efficacy
and dependability. The research aims to improve understanding of industrial manipulator stability, leading to
increased productivity, decreased downtime, and safety. The tool also shows potential for future manipulator
design. A considerable amount of research has evolved in response to this pressing requirement, delving into
different methodologies, strategies, and instruments to assess and improve the stability of industrial
manipulators [1], [2]. The review discusses the stability of manipulator systems, including mechanical design,
control techniques, and dynamic stability criteria. It explores factors affecting stability, including structural
dynamics, payload characteristics, and material parameters, and highlights scientific advancements in the field.
In this section, different contemporary research papers has been reviewed to find out the research gap of
respective research objects.

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70  ISSN: 2089-4864

The mechanical stiffness of a manipulator is regarded as a prominent criterion for evaluating robot
performance. The robot is utilized in several industrial sectors, including agriculture, healthcare, and various
forms of small and large-scale production systems [3], [4]. The compliance of reducers and the elasticity of
links contribute to the enhancement of the stiffness of industrial robots [5], [6]. Robot manipulator application
tools are essential for robotics engineers, researchers, and practitioners. Developers may speed up development,
improve robot performance, and enable automation and intelligent manipulation in new sectors and
applications by using these tools [7], [8]. Several simulation tools use different modeling methodologies and
algorithms to analyze industrial manipulator stability. These techniques range from simple kinematic
simulations to dynamic assessments of inertia, friction, and external forces.
In the research paper [9], [10] dynamic modeling is incorporated into advanced simulation tools to
capture the intricate interactions that occur between the manipulator and its surroundings. With the
consideration of variables including inertia, friction, joint compliance, and outside disturbances, dynamic
simulations provide more precise evaluations of stability. To effectively simulate real-world settings, these
tools often use techniques like finite element analysis, multi-body dynamics, and control algorithms [11]–[13].
As a result of the external forces acting on the end-effectors during machining, industrial robots are
prone to static and dynamic deformations, also known as chatter vibrations, because of their comparatively low
stiffness [14]. In the case of robots with variable stiffness require high stiffness for high performance, while low
stiffness is necessary for safety. Their damping capability is their ability to release elastic strain energy during
vibrations. High-damping materials should only be used in specific situations. Cantilever beam theory
characterizes robot deflection, with numerical analysis focusing on the deflection of a cantilever beam [15]–[18].
Robot stability is assessed by taking into consideration the straight or non-straight layouts [19], [20]. The text
discusses a method for computing critical force in serial planar manipulators, focusing on nonlinear phenomena
like quasi-buckling. Depending on the stiffness of the arm and the force delivered, the end-point of a robot
manipulator arm will deflect when a force is applied. The importance of simulation tools for industrial
manipulator guaranteeing the safety [21], [22]. A comprehensive investigation has been taken into account to
determine the necessity of algorithm-driven simulation tools and to understand the involvement of different
parameters of robot manipulators. This investigation is shown in Table 1 using the attributes of various types
of algorithm-driven simulation tools, used parameters of the algorithm, the output of the algorithm,
consideration of the level of stability, and the developed or used database.
This study evaluates and stabilizes manipulator systems to improve industrial automation. It creates
an algorithm-driven simulation tool to investigate manipulator dynamics under different operation situations.
The tool combines mathematical models with stiffness, deflection, and damping. The tool is useful in assessing
the manipulator’s level of stability, providing insights for optimizing performance and ensuring safety. It can
also create robotics research datasets. It is expected that this research work can be applied to real-life problems,
where robot stability is crucial. In this research work, we have reviewed different theoretical and review papers
focusing on material parameters and also taken into account the related research papers addressing on
algorithm-driven simulation tools. A comprehensive investigation has been also considered to identify the
research gap by the predefined objectives of the research. An explicit analysis of material parameters,
development of an algorithm-driven simulation tool using hypothesis rules, and verification of this tool by the
collected data are considered in this research method.
The paper is structured as follows. The second section of the article describes the analysis of material
parameters for stability. Section 3 presents the development of a simulation tool. Section 4 discusses the results
and discussion. Lastly, the conclusions of this work are presented in section 5.

2. ANALYSIS OF MATERIAL PARAMETERS FOR STABILITY

This section analysed different material parameters such as deflection, stiffness, and damping, which
are explored initially in the literature [9]. The goal of this research is to develop an algorithm-driven simulation
tool that considers material parameters to determine the level of stability of the robot manipulator. These
parameters have different multifaceted mathematical approaches. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of these
parameters is required to find insight into the interconnection of the stability of the robot manipulator. The
evolution of material parameters is dependent on respective quantifiable issues (mass, length, shape, diameter
of material, force of system, and young modulus of material). To find out these quantifiable issues, we have
completed different case studies on ABB [23] and FANUC [24] series of manipulators. Figure 1 illustrates the
selected robot manipulators model, in Figure 1(a) ABB and FANUC in Figure 1(b).
Deflection, stiffness, and average damping coefficient are three (03) key factors that are affected by
the qualities of the material. The stability of a robot manipulator is determined by the complicated relationship
that exists between these three parameters of the material.

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Int J Reconfigurable & Embedded Syst ISSN: 2089-4864  71

Table 1. A comprehensive investigation of related work to justify the algorithm-driven simulation tools for
the robot manipulator
Types of algorithm- Considered Database
Used parameters of the Output of the
Ref. driven simulation Level of
algorithm algorithm Stability Developed Used
tools stability
[8] Algorithm-driven Physical properties of Optimized control Yes No No No
simulation tools objects, environmental strategy
such as physics conditions, sensor inputs,
simulations and control strategies
[25] MATLAB, Kinematic and dynamic Optimized virtual Yes No No No
MSC.ADAMS parameters prototype
[26] Smoothly RRT (S- Maximum curvature Ensured efficient and Yes No No No
RRT) algorithm constraint, minimum safe navigation for the
path angle robotic manipulator
[27] Dynamic movement Task configuration Performing Yes No No No
primitives (DMPs) similarity, skill manipulation tasks
as a simulation tool coordinate frames, and
abstractions in the data
[28] PyBullet and V-Rep Metrics of Euclidean Set of metrics that Yes No Yes No
for benchmarking distance error, velocity assess the success of
simulated robotic max, average, and error the simulation
manipulation
[29] Algorithm-driven Euclidean distance error, Threshold values Yes No No No
simulation tool and the young’s modulus
using a continuum matrix (YMM)
manipulator
[30] Algorithm-driven Physical properties, A set of optimized Yes Yes No Yes
simulation tools and environmental robotic control
machine learning conditions, and task- strategies and actions
specific variables
[31] Virtual robot Physical properties, The output consists of Yes No No Yes
experimentation environmental performance metrics
platform (V-REP), conditions, sensor inputs, and data
Gazebo, and and task-specific
MATLAB/Simulink variables such as the
type of crops and field
conditions
[32] Neural network- State variables, actuator Severity of faults Yes No No No
based algorithms signals, fault indicators within the actuator
systems of the robot
manipulators
[33] PID and fuzzy logic Position and velocity Vibration control of a Yes No No No
controllers flexible manipulator
system
[34] Algorithm-driven Mechanical design Accelerate the Yes Yes No No
simulation tools in parameters, control engineering design
robotics policy design cycle by reducing the
parameters, and time associated with
specifications of the the design process
system

(a) (b)

Figure 1. Model of (a) ABB and (b) FANUC manipulators

Algorithm-driven development of a simulation tool for industrial manipulator stability … (Shabnom Mustary)
72  ISSN: 2089-4864

2.1. Deflection, stiffness, and damping

This study examines mechanical behaviors and geometrical structures in Figure 2, focusing on the
deflection characteristics of a cantilever beam, the geometric configuration of an open-end cylindrical tube,
and the amplitude reduction factor for different materials, providing insights into their damping properties and
dynamic response. Deflection is crucial for industrial manipulator stability, impacting accuracy, payload
capacity, dynamic behavior, and performance. The cantilever beam loaded at end mechanism is considered for
connection with simulation tools. Figure 2(a) shows the deflection of a cantilever beam, where moment of
inertia can be detect about neutral bending axis. Moreover it is also observe that the deflection is interconnected
with the stiffness of material or spring constant of material. The formulas used for material parameters of
deflection [35] is expressed as (1):

𝑃𝐿3 𝑃
𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝜕𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ;𝐾 = (1)
3𝐸𝐼 𝜕𝑚𝑎𝑥

where, 𝑃 is force, 𝐿 is length of robot link, 𝐸 is young modulus, 𝐼 is moment of inertia, and 𝐾 is spring constant.
This study investigates stiffness in cylindrical manipulators using young’s modulus as a case study.
Stiffness is correlated with the modulus of elasticity and moment of inertia, with the angular frequency being
closely related to natural frequency and the elastic constant. Figure 2(b) shows the involvement of the inner
radius and outer radius of the cylindrical shape of the manipulator, which is incorporated with a moment of
inertia. It has been also analysed that young modules of materials and the moment of inertia correlate with
different material shapes. A consequence evolution of stiffness for different applications has been established
differently. To interconnect the parameter of stiffness with the simulation tool, the following formula for the
material parameter of stiffness [36] is used as (2):

1 𝐾 1 𝐾
𝑆𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 𝑆𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓 = 𝐸𝐼 = 2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝐼 = 2𝜋 ( × √ ) × 𝐼𝑤𝑙 = 𝑚(𝑟12 + 𝑟22 ) × √ (2)
2𝜋 𝑚 2 𝑚

where, 𝐾 is spring constant; 𝑚 is manipulator link mass; 𝑟1 is inner radius; and 𝑟2 is outer radius.
Recent research links damping coefficient to stiffness and amplitude reduction factor. Damping
stabilizes manipulator motion, releasing energy and minimizing oscillations. Inadequate damping can cause
instability, while excessive damping hinders response and energy consumption. The amplitude reduction factor
is directly linked to a material’s capacity to dissipate vibrational energy, with steel having a higher capacity
than copper and copper having a higher capacity than aluminum. Figure 2(c) shows the amplitude reduction
factor for different materials (steel, copper, and aluminum). The simulation tool enables engineers to assess the
damping characteristics of the manipulator system and fine-tune damping coefficients for stable and efficient
performance in different operating situations. To interconnect the parameter of damping with the simulation
tool, the following [9] for material parameter of damping is used as (3):

𝜉 𝛿 𝑥 2𝜋𝛿𝑚
𝐷𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝐶𝑎𝑣𝑔 = ; 𝜉 = ; 𝐶𝑐 = √4𝑚𝑆𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓 ; 𝑙𝑛 ( 1 ) = (3)
𝑛 𝐶𝑐 𝑥2 √1−𝛿 2

where, 𝐶𝑎𝑣𝑔 is average damping coefficient, 𝜉 is damping ratio; 𝑛 is number of damping ratio, 𝛿 is logarithmic
𝑥
decrement. ln ( 1 )is amplitude reduction factor and 𝐶𝑐 is critical damping coefficient.
𝑥2

(a) (b) (c)

Figure 2. Focusing on (a) the deflection characteristics of a cantilever beam, (b) the geometric configuration of an open-
end cylindrical tube, and (c) the amplitude reduction factor for different materials

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The case study of manipulators reveals that the stability of robot manipulators is linked to material
parameters like stiffness, damping, and deflection. Stiffness increases stability, while deflection and damping
decrease it. The stability hypothesis can be validated using a simulation tool and different numerical values of
measurable issues.

3. DEVELOPMENT OF ALGORITHM-DRIVEN SIMULATION TOOL

In the field of robotics, maintaining the performance and stability of robot manipulators is critical to
their efficient use in a variety of applications. The material qualities that determine their construction, in
particular elements like deflection, stiffness, and damping, influence their behaviour. Creating simulation tools
specifically designed to evaluate these factors has become a vital undertaking, enabling thorough evaluations
to optimize robot manipulator designs. In this context, developing a simulation tool that utilizes a new
algorithm is seen as a symbol of innovation. This tool provides a methodical way to evaluate and improve the
stability of robot manipulators.
In the process of this investigation, we thoroughly examined the fundamental principles that form the
foundation of the suggested algorithm, thereby clarifying its effectiveness in simulating the intricate dynamics
of robot manipulators. This algorithm’s entire lifecycle will be elucidated, commencing with its theoretical
conception and culminating in its practical implementation. Furthermore, an analysis of its performance in
comparison to established benchmarks and real-world scenarios will be conducted to validate its efficacy as a
fundamental tool utilized by robotics engineers. The proposed algorithms for the development of simulation
are divided into the following:
Algorithm 1 can be applied to insert the input value including different query values to create a user-
defined database and the output value of all possible queries. The pseudo-code of this algorithm is shown in
Algorithm 1.

Algorithm 1. User define database

Input: Robot Type R
Output: Return parameters value
Step1: Query from the database based on R
Step2: Store query value on min, medium and max for Stiffness, Deflection, and Damping
Step3: Return all possible query value

Algorithm 2 can be applied to find the different level of stability as output, which is calculated from
the numerical values of deflection, stiffness, and damping as input. The pseudo code of this algorithm is shown
in Algorithm 2.

Algorithm 2. Check stability level

Input: DeflectionValue de, stiffnessValue st, and dampingValue da
Output: Return integer stability value such as 0, 1 or 2
Step1: Initial User Define Database All value and store in new variable to min, medium and
max Stiffness s, Deflection D, and Damping d
Step2: ans=0
Step3: Calculation stability value of based on relation of material parameters and store in
ans
Step4: Return ans value

Algorithm 3 can be applied to determine the status of stability using material parameters, where input
value considered from different factors of the robot manipulator (mass, length, diameter, force, and young
modulus of respective materials). The material parameter of deflection, stiffness, and damping are derivate
from (1) to (3). The pseudo-code of this algorithm is shown in Algorithm 3.

Algorithm 3. Derivation process of stability using material parameters

Input: mass, length, outerDiameter oD, innerDiameter iD, force, minYoungModulus
mYM, maxYoungModulus mYM, Number of input n
Output: Return stability message
Step1: Deflection, stiffness, and damping calculation
1: deflection= [], stiffness= [], damping= []
2: minSpringConstant = (force / deflectionMax[n])
3: dampingCoefficient = Math.Sqrt((8.967) / ((4 * PI * PI * mass * mass) + (8.967)))
4: while n not equal to zero do
5: areaMomentOfInertia = (π / 64.0) * ((4* oD) - (4 * iD))
6: deflectionTemp = (force * (3 * length)) / (3 * mYM * areaMomentOfInertia)
7: deflection.insert([deflectionTemp])
8: momentOfInertia = (1 / 8.0) * mass * ((2 * oD) + (2 * iD))
9: stiffnessTemp = (Math.Sqrt(minSpringConstant / mass)) * momentOfInertia

Algorithm-driven development of a simulation tool for industrial manipulator stability … (Shabnom Mustary)
74  ISSN: 2089-4864

10: stiffness.insert([stiffnessTemp])
11: minCriticalDampingCoefficient = Math.Sqrt(4 * mass * stiffness)
12: dampingTemp = dampingCoefficient / minCriticalDampingCoefficient
13: damping.insert([dampingTemp])
14: end while
15: deflection.sort(), stiffness.sort(), and damping.sort() sort by ascending order
16: minDeflection = deflection[0], minStiffness = stiffness[0], minDamping = damp-ing[0]
17: mediumDeflection = (deflection[0] + deflection[n-1]) / 2.0
18: mediumStiffness = (stiffness[0] + stiffness[n-1]) / 2.0
19: mediumDamping = (damping[0] + damping[n-1]) / 2.0
20: maxDeflection = deflection[n-1], maxStiffness = stiffness[n-1], maxDamping =
damping[n-1]
Step2: Calculation stability value
1: finalStiffness = [minStiffness, mediumStiffness, maxStiffness]
2: finalDeflection = [minDeflection, mediumDeflection, maxDeflection]
3: finalDamping = [minDamping, mediumDamping, maxDamping]
4: countLow = 0, countMedium = 0, countHigh = 0
5: for i, j, k less than 3 do
6: status = CheckStability(finalStiffness[i],finalDeflection[j],finalDamping[k])
7: if status equal to 0 then
8: countLow = countLow + 1
9: else if status equal to 1 then
10: countMedium = countMedium + 1
11: else if status equal to 2 then
12: countHigh = countHigh + 1
13: end if
14: i=i+1, j=j+1, k=k+1
15: end for
Step3: Return Math. Max (countLow, countMedium, countHigh)3

These simulation algorithms or methods can be used by computer programs to imitate the behaviour
of real-world systems or processes. This algorithm can generate data that reflects the possible outcomes of
different actions or events, based on certain assumptions and rules. An experimental activities has been
completed for the proposed algorithm where, the front-end of this algorithm is written in C#, and the back end
is written in SQL. In the process of developing an architecture for the database, the attributes of the database
are taken into consideration by the given specifications, as well as their related classification and target value
requirements.
The simulator can be used to ascertain the stability classifications of robot manipulators for
commercially accessible robots. The simulator consists of two panels: one designated for the Admin and the
other for the User. The respective numerical values of ABB and FANUC have been computed using the
proposed and updated formula, and the real value is inserted into the simulation interface shows in Figure 3.
The interface of input values for FANUC shows in Figures 3(a) and 3(b) shows the interface of input values
for ABB.These figures demonstrate how to input various numerical values for the respective factors of material
parameters. After entering the information, the backend database will be created. The simulator can modify
and remove existing data, which can then be utilized for additional study of different data sets. The overall
output and different dimensions of numerical values are discussed in the next section.

(a) (b)

Figure 3. Inserted real value for (a) FANUC and (b) ABB

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This study examines the stability of industrial manipulators using a simulation tool. Factors like
algorithm, manipulator stability, and material properties like deflection, stiffness, and damping are analyzed.
Manipulator geometry, material properties, and applied forces influence deflection patterns. Furthermore, the

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examination of how the stiffness of materials affects the stability of a manipulator yielded enlightening
discoveries. Manipulators made from materials with increased stiffness showed decreased deflection and
enhanced resistance to structural deformation, which can be further investigated using (1) and (2). Moreover,
the damping characteristics have been identified as a crucial component that influences the dynamic behaviour.
The logarithmic decrement, which can be obtained from the amplitude reduction factor of industrial
manipulators as described in (3), plays a key role in this analysis. The correlation between the stiffness of
materials and the stability of a manipulator highlights the need of choosing suitable materials during the design
stage to improve overall performance and dependability.
The simulation tool utilized a novel algorithm as its backend and various interfaces were designed to
input the necessary variables. This technique facilitated precise forecasting and assessment of manipulator
stability across a wide range of operating situations. The simulation program enabled a thorough evaluation of
manipulator stability using different performance indicators. The findings indicated that the stability levels
were affected by variables such as the bulk of the payload, velocity, and the intricacy of the trajectory. The
stability of manipulators was found to be influenced by diverse operating conditions, emphasizing the need to
take dynamic aspects into account when designing manipulators and developing control systems. This is crucial
to maintain the safe and dependable functioning of manipulators in industrial settings. Figure 4 shows the
screenshot of the output result for the FANUC manipulator’s stability level as in Figure 4(a) low, Figure 4(b)
medium, and Figure 4(c) high.

(a) (b)

(c)

Figure 4. Screenshot of interface for the output result as (a) low, (b) medium, and (c) high

The manipulator’s mass of arm, length of arm, and inner diameter-outer diameter are monitored and
assessed as effective factors for determining the varying levels of stability. The simulation tool also provides
various processed data that is saved in the cloud. Figure 5 shows the screenshot of the interface of saved data,
in Figure 5(a) user data and Figure 5(b) sample database.
The results of our study emphasise the crucial significance of the characteristics of materials, the
design of algorithms, and the operational factors in affecting the stability of industrial manipulators. Engineers
can utilize the developed simulation tool to obtain significant insights into the behaviour of manipulators and
make well-informed design choices to enhance stability and performance. By using sophisticated algorithms
and simulation approaches, the tool’s ability to make accurate predictions is improved. This allows for more
streamlined iterations in manipulator design and decreases the necessity for expensive experimental testing.

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76  ISSN: 2089-4864

(a) (b)

Figure 5. Screenshot of the interface of (a) user data and (b) of database

5. CONCLUSION
Our research conclusively shows that the created algorithm-driven simulation tool is highly effective
in assessing the stability of industrial manipulators. The tool offers useful insights for optimizing manipulator
performance and guaranteeing safe and reliable operation in industrial settings by taking into consideration
variables like as material features, algorithm design, and operating conditions. Additionally, the developed tool
can be used to build a specific dataset in the relevant area for additional research as needed. This work enhances
the progress of robotics technology and simplifies the development of more resilient and effective industrial
automation systems. However, it is crucial to acknowledge the constraints of simulation-based methodologies,
which encompass simplifications in modelling assumptions and uncertainty in real-world operating settings.
Future research should prioritize the improvement of simulation approaches, the verification of results through
experimental testing, and the expansion of the simulation tool’s usefulness to a broader range of manipulator
configurations and situations.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The corresponding authors are thankful to the Ministry of Posts, Telecommunication and Information
Technology, The People’s Republic of Bangladesh, under the Information and Communication Technology
(ICT) Division (G.O.56.00.0000.028.33.007.20-105). This research is funded by Woosong University
Academic Research 2024

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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS

Shabnom Mustary is currently a Ph.D. candidate at Dhaka University of

Engineering and Technology at the Department of Computer Science and Engineering. Her
research area includes robotics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. She can be
contacted at email: [email protected].

Algorithm-driven development of a simulation tool for industrial manipulator stability … (Shabnom Mustary)
78  ISSN: 2089-4864

Prof. Dr. Mohammod Abul Kashem is a Professor at the Department of

Computer Science and Engineering (CSE), Dhaka University of Engineering and
Technology (DUET). His research interest are national relevance domain with contemporary
technology (artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), Industry 4.0, cyber-physical
systems, and the internet of things (IoT). He can be contacted at email:
[email protected].

Prof. Dr. Mohammad Asaduzzaman Chowdhury is a Professor of mechanical

engineering at Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology (DUET), Gazipur,
Bangladesh. His research interests are advanced materials, nanotechnology, advanced
thermodynamics, energy storage materials, engineering tribology, surface engineering,
coating technology, and biomedical engineering. He can be contacted at email:
[email protected].

Dr. Jia Uddin is as a Professor, Department of AI and Big Data, Endicott

College, Woosong University, Daejeon, South Korea. He received Ph.D. in computer
engineering from University of Ulsan, South Korea. He was a visiting faculty at School of
Computing, Staffordshire University, United Kingdom. He is an Associate Professor (now
on leave), Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Brac University, Dhaka,
Bangladesh. His research interests are industrial fault diagnosis, machine learning/deep
learning based prediction, and detection using multimedia signals. He can be contacted at
email: [email protected].

Int J Reconfigurable & Embedded Syst, Vol. 14, No. 1, March 2025: 69-78