Experiment No.

1
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT:
To study personal computer layout system.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Sl. no. Name of Equipment

1 Personal Computer

Aim of the experiment -

To study personal computer layout system.
Equipment required -
Personal computer
Theory -
Computer :
A computer in simple terms can be defined as an electronic device that is designed
to accept data, perform the required mathematical or logical operational at high
speed and output the result.
Basic computer organization -
A computer is an electronic device that basically perform
Accepting data or (information) / instructions (input)
Storing data
Processing data
Displaying result (output)
Controlling and co-ordinating all operation inside a computer.

Input device
This is the process of entering data & instruction into the computer system. This data
or instruction can be entered into the computer system by using different input
devices such as keyboard, mouse, scanner, joystick, MICR, OMR, BCR, camera etc.

Keyboard
It is the standard or main input device for computer. It contains various keys in a
board such as alphabet key(a-z), number key(0-9),function key(f1 f12) Escape key,
control key, tab key, shift key, caps lock key, enter key, num lock pad, page up &
down etc.

Type of keyboard
Standard keyboard (108keys)
Multimedia keyboard (115 keys)

Connection of keyboard
Keyboard can be connected with different ports like serial port, PS/2 port,USB port
etc.
Advantage -
The keyboard is easy to use and cheap.
Disadvantage
The keyboard cannot be used to draw figure.
Mouse
The mouse is an input device that use for graphical user interface (GUI).
Basically mouse is having 2 types-

1. Scroll mouse
2. Wireless/ Cordless mouse
3. Optical mouse

Now days the optical mouse is very much popular. It is used to create graphics
such as lines, curves and freehand shapes on the screen.
Mouse can be connected with different ports like serial port, PS/2 port, USB port.
It is having left button, right button and scroll button.

Scanner -
It is an input device which scan/ convert the physical images, photograph, written
document into a system / computer flies.
Camera -
Video input signal device are used to captures video from the outside world into
the computer. The term video means moving pictures along with sound. We are
having sound card to convert analog audio signal to digital data and vice versa. Like
such a manner video card isto convert analogue signal to digital data and vice versa.

Example of video signal device -

1. Digital camera
2. Web camera

Output device

It is the device that gives information from a computer can be called an output
device. Basically output device are electromechanical device that accepts signal
digital data(in this form of 0 1 and 1 1) from the computer and convert them into
human understandable language.

Output device
------------------------------------
Soft copy Hard copy
Monitor Printer
Projector Plotter
Speaker

Soft copy
Soft copy device produce an electronic version of an output.

Monitor (visual display unit/ VDU)

The monitor is a soft copy device generated by the computer through the video card.
Different types of VDU/Monitor

1. CRT (Cathode Ray tube)

2. LCD (Liquid Crystal display)
3. TFT (Thin Film Transistor)
4. LED (Light Emitting Diodes)

Hardcopy Device-
Hardcopy device produce a physical form of output.
For e.g.:-The content of a file printed on a paper is a form of hardcopy output.

Printer-
A printer is a device that accept the text and graphcs information obtained from a
computers and print it on to a paper. printers are available in various size, speeds,
resolution and memory card.

Printer
------------------------------------
Impact printer non-impact printer
Dotmatrix Inkjet
Daily wheel Laser
Line

Conclusion

devices .

Experiment-2
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT:
To study the computer memory and processer.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Sl. no. Name of Equipment

1 Personal Computer

Aim of the experiment

To study the computer memory and processer.
Equipment required
Personal computer

Theory.

Memory is an external storage area in a computer which is used to store the data
and program either temporary or permanently.

Memory is divided in two groups.

Primary memory
Secondary memory
RAM - Random access memory
FPM - Fast Page mode
DRAM - Dynamic random access memory
SRAM - Static ram
EDORAM - Extend Data Output ram
SDRAM - Synchronous Data ram
RDRAM - Rambus Dynamic ram
DDRRAM - Dual data rate ram
ROM - Read only memory
PROM - Programmable rom
EPRPM - Erasable programmable rom
EEPROM - Electrically Erasable programmable rom
EAPROM - Electrically alterable programmable rom
FD - Floppy disk
FDD - Floppy disk drive
HD - Hard disk

Primary memory
Primary memory is the main memory i.e internal memory. It is directly accessed by
the CPU. The CPU continuously read the instructions stored in primary memory and
execute them.

RAM- Ram is a volatile memory, which is used to store data temporarily.

ROM- Rom is a non-volatile memory, where the system configuration data are stored
by the manufacturer.
Secondary memory -

Magnetic tape-
Magnetic tape is a medium for magnetic recording, made of a thin, magnetizable
coating on a long, narrow strip of plastic film.

Floppy disk-
It has the storage capacity 1.44mb and size is 3.5inch.

Hard disk-
Storage capacity 1 GB, 10GB, 1tb, 2tb.

A processor, or "microprocessor," is a small chip that resides in computers and

other electronic devices. Its basic job is to receive input and provide the appropriate
output. Most desktop computers contain a CPU developed by either Intel or AMD.

Control unit -
It is main unit where instruction should be obeyed and performed time by time.

Alu -
In this unit all arithmetically tasked are performed.

Conclusion