Catholic Association of Schools in the Prelature of Infanta (CASPI)
FATHER JOHN KARASH MEMORIAL HIGH SCHOOL OF DIPACULAO, INC.
North Poblacion, Dipaculao, Aurora, 3203
2
1. x –9=0
LEARNING MODULE 2. 2
x – 5x + 6 = 0
MATHEMATICS 10 3. 2
x – 4x – 45 = 0
Quarter 2: POLYNOMIALS AND POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS 2
4. x + 8x – 20 = 0
2
5. x + 12x + 32 = 0
CONTENT STANDARD
The Learner demonstrates knowledge and understanding of;
1. key concept of polynomials and polynomial equations TOPIC: Roots of Polynomial Equations and Zeros of
Polynomial Functions
Day 3 Lesson:
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The Learner is able to conduct systematically a mathematical investigation It was Saturday. Myrna spent her time in cleaning her bedroom
involving polynomial functions in different fields. with a floor area of 15m2. Its length is one more than twice its width. What
are the dimensions of the bedroom’s floor?
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES (MELCs)
Factor polynomials. To find the dimensions of the bedroom’s floor, we must first represent the
Illustrate a polynomial functions. width and the length.
Solve polynomial equations and polynomial
Let x = the width of the floor
functions.
Solve word problems involving polynomial equations 2x + 1 = the length of the floor
and polynomial functions. Since the bedroom floor is rectangular in form, then we can use the formula
A= LxW.
TESTING PRIOR KNOWLEDGE: Find the roots of the given A=LxW
polynomial below. 15 = (2x + 1) (x) Substitute the values in the formula.
Catholic Association of Schools in the Prelature of Infanta (CASPI)
FATHER JOHN KARASH MEMORIAL HIGH SCHOOL OF DIPACULAO, INC.
North Poblacion, Dipaculao, Aurora, 3203
15 = 2 x 2 + x Apply the distributive property of
multiplication.
2
2 x + x – 15 = 0 Transpose 15 together with the other terms
on one side of the
equal sign. Then equate them to 0. Now, a
quadratic equation is
formed.
(1x – 5) (x + 3) = 0 Factor the quadratic equation.
2x – 5 = 0 x+3=0 Equate each factor to zero to solve the
equation.
2x = 5 x=-3
5 5
Therefore, and –3 are the roots of the polynomial equation 2 x 2 + x – 15 =
x= 2
2
0.
Let us use the remainder theorem to prove whether the two values are the 5
solutions of the polynomial equations. The roots and –3 are also called the zeros of the polynomial
2
function defined by f(x) = 2 x 2 + x – 15. Thus, the solutions to the
f(x) = 2 x 2 + x – 15 equation f(x) = 0 are the zeros of the polynomial function f(x). A
5 2
5 polynomial function is also denoted by y. If the polynomial function is
5 f(x) = 2 x 2 + x – 15
f( 2 ) = 2( ) + ( 2) – 15 quadratic, its zeros can be obtained by either factoring, by completing the
2
square, or by using the quadratic formula.
f(x) = 2 x 2 + x – 15
5 25 5
f( 2 ) = 2( 4 ) + 2 – 15 How can we find the zeros orf(–3)
root=of2 the
( – 3polynomial functions in
)2 + (–3) – 15
higher degrees? The degree of the polynomial function is the number of the
5 25 5 f(–3) = 2(9)
solutions or number of zeros of the polynomial + (–3) – 15
function.
f( 2 ) = 2 + 2 – 15
f(–3) = 18 –3 – 15
5 30
f( 2 ) = 2 – 15 f(–3) = 15 – 15
f(–3) = 0
5
f( ) = 15– 15
Catholic Association of Schools in the Prelature of Infanta (CASPI)
FATHER JOHN KARASH MEMORIAL HIGH SCHOOL OF DIPACULAO, INC.
North Poblacion, Dipaculao, Aurora, 3203
(Look at the example on the table in your book “Enfolding Mathematics Step 2: Use one of the factors in step 1 as a divisor in doing the synthetic
Life”, page 85.) division.
What do you notice with the solutions or zeros of the polynomial Step 3: Do step 1 again. If the quotient is already a quadratic equation, find
functions? They are rational numbers in simplest form formed by the factors the other roots using
of the last term and the first term. If the factor of the last term is represented factoring, completing the square, or by using the quadratic formula.
by p, while a factor of the first term is represented by q, then the quotient is
(Study the examples given in your book “Enfolding Mathematics Life”, page
p
denoted by . 88)
q
These are the possible rational zeros stated in the rational zero
n n−1 Remember:
theorem. It states that if f(x) = a n x + a n−1 x + … + a 1x + a 0 has integer
p A polynomial function is a function that involves non-negative
and coefficients and is a rational zero, then p is a factor of the constant
q integer powers or positive integer exponents. It follows the form f(x)
n n−1
term 0 and q is the factor of the leading coefficient a n. This theorem lists
a = a n x + a n−1 x + … + a 1x + a 0.
down all the possible rational zeros of the given polynomial function or The rational zero theorem is a theorem used to find all rational
gives all the possible rational roots of a polynomial equation. But not all roots of a polynomial. It provides the finite number of possible
rational numbers are zeroes of the given polynomial functions or roots of fractions which can be checked if they are the roots or not.
the given polynomial equation. The zeros of a polynomial function are the solutions to the given
polynomial functions.
(Study the examples given in your book “Enfolding Mathematics Life”, page The highest power tells the number of zeros in a polynomial
85 – 87) function.
Use factoring method, quadratic formula, or completing the square
to find the zeros of a polynomial function.
How can we find the roots of a polynomial equation in higher degree? To find the zeros of a polynomial function in higher degree,
p
Step 1: Think of the factors of the constant term and the first term. determine first its possible rational zeros, in the form , and then
q
Catholic Association of Schools in the Prelature of Infanta (CASPI)
FATHER JOHN KARASH MEMORIAL HIGH SCHOOL OF DIPACULAO, INC.
North Poblacion, Dipaculao, Aurora, 3203
use these possible rational zeros to obtain the zeros of the
polynomial function.
(DAY 3) ACTIVITY 1.
Directions: Find the rational zeros of each polynomial function. Show your
solution. 3. f(x) = x 3 + 4 x 2 – x – 10 Rational zeros:
2
1. f(x) = x – 2x – 8 Rational zeros: ___________________________
Solution:
___________________________
Solution:
2. f(x) = 2 x 2 + x – 5 Rational zeros:
___________________________
Solution:
4. f(x) = 3 x 3 – x 2 +5 x + 9? Rational zeros:
___________________________
Solution:
Catholic Association of Schools in the Prelature of Infanta (CASPI)
FATHER JOHN KARASH MEMORIAL HIGH SCHOOL OF DIPACULAO, INC.
North Poblacion, Dipaculao, Aurora, 3203
Length = (2x + 3) dm
Width = (x + 1) dm
Height = x
So the volume of the wooden box is (2
3 2 2
x +5 x +3 x ¿ dm .
5. f(x) = x 4 – 4 x 3 + 5 x 2 – x – 6 Rational zeros:
___________________________ Problem 2.Find the number if the sum of this number and its square is equal
Solution: to 72.
Given:
Let x = be the number
2
x = be the square of the number
Solutions: The number is 8.
2
Day 4 Lesson: x + x = 72
2
x + x– 72 = 0 Checking: x 2 + x = 72
2
Let us solve word problems involving polynomial function and polynomial (x + 9) (x – 8) = 0 (8) + (8) = 72
equation. x+9=0 x–8=0 64 + 8 = 72
x = –9 x=8 72 = 72
Problem 1. A wooden box is (2x + 3) dm long, (x + 1) dm wide, and x dm
high. Find its volume. Important note in answering a word problem involving a polynomial
Given: equation and polynomial function:
Solutions:
f(x) = x (x + 1) (2x + 3)
f(x) = ( x 2+ x ¿ (2x + 3)
f(x) = (2 x 3 +3 x 2 +2 x 2+3 x ¿
Catholic Association of Schools in the Prelature of Infanta (CASPI)
FATHER JOHN KARASH MEMORIAL HIGH SCHOOL OF DIPACULAO, INC.
North Poblacion, Dipaculao, Aurora, 3203
Carefully define your variables and understand the context of the 1. The height of a triangle is 3 dm longer than its base. Find the length
problem. of the base of the triangle if its area is 9 square dm.
Here are some steps to keep in mind:
Given:
1. Identify the Key Quantities: Determine what the problem is
asking for and identify the relevant quantities. Define your
variables clearly. Solution:
2. Translate Words into Equations: Convert the problem statement
into a mathematical expression or equation. Look for keywords
that indicate mathematical operations (e.g., "sum," "product,"
"difference").
3. Check for Constraints: Make sure to note any restrictions on the
variables, such as non-negativity or specific ranges.
4. Solve Systematically: Once you have your polynomial equation,
solve it step-by-step. Consider factoring, using the quadratic
formula, or synthetic division as appropriate.
5. Verify Your Solution: After finding a solution, always check it
against the original problem to ensure it makes sense in the
context.
2. The tree at the back of our house is tied by a cord which is attached
By following these steps, you'll be better equipped to handle polynomial-
related word problems effectively! to the ground floor,8 feet from its base. The cord is 1 foot longer
than the height it reaches on the tree. What is the length of the cord?
Given:
(DAY 4) ACTIVITY 2.
Directions: Solve the following word problems. Show your solution.
Solution:
Catholic Association of Schools in the Prelature of Infanta (CASPI)
FATHER JOHN KARASH MEMORIAL HIGH SCHOOL OF DIPACULAO, INC.
North Poblacion, Dipaculao, Aurora, 3203
Prepared by:
Sarah Jane O. Lachica, LPT
Marielle R. Marayag, LPT
Date of Submission: October 18, 2024
