1.

The purpose is to limit the incidence of disease by controlling causes and risk
factors
A. Primordial prevention
B. Primary prevention
C. Secondary prevention
D. Tertiary prevention
Answer: B
2. The property of a test to identify the proportion of truly ill persons in a population
who are identified as ill by a screening test
A. Sensitivity
B. Specificity
C. Positive predictive value
D. Negative predictive value
Answer: A
3. The probability of a persons having the disease when the test is positive
A. Sensitivity
B. Specificity
C. Positive predictive value
D. Negative predictive value
Answer: C
4. The extent to which a test is measuring what it is intended to measure
A. Reliability
B. ValidityC. Sensitivity
D. Specificity
Answer: B
5. A study that measures the number of persons with influenza in a calendar year
A. Cohort study
B. Case control
C. Cross sectional
D. Case report
Answer: C
6. Stage by which the presence of factors favorsthe occurrence of disease
A. Stage of susceptibility
B. Stage of presymptomatic disease
C. Stage of clinical disease
D. Stage of disability
Answer: A
7. Modes of horizontal transmission of disease,except
A. Contact
B. Vector
C. Common Vehicle
D. Genetic
Answer: D
8. An infected person is less likely to encountera susceptible person when a large
proportion ofthe members of the group are immune
A. Active immunity
B. Passive immunity
C. Herd immunity
D. Specific immunity
Answer: C
9. Occurrence in the community of a number ofcases of disease that is unusually
large orunexpected
A. Endemic
B. Epidemic
C. Pandemic
D. Infection
Answer: B
10. Measures of central tendency, except
A. Mean
B. Median
C. Mode
D. Variance
Answer: D
11. Range of values surrounding the estimatewhich has a specified probability
of includingthe true population values
A. Standard deviation
B. Standard error
C. Confidence interval
D. Correlation coefficient
Answer: C
12. The probability of rejecting the nullhypothesis when it is true
A. Type 1 error
B. Type 2 error
C. Power of a statistical test
D. Level of significance
Answer: A
13. The following are measures of diseasefrequency, except
A. Incidence rate
B. Prevalence
C. Cumulative incidence
D. Relative risk
Answer: D
14. The proportion of cases of a specifieddisease or condition which are fatal within
aspecified time
A. Morbidity rate
B. Case fatality rate
C. Proportionate mortality
D. Death rate
Answer: B
15. The relation between exposure and diseaseis considered to be causal or
etiological in thefollowing, except
A. Dose response relation
B. Cessation of exposure
C. Temporal relation
D. No confounding
Answer: D
16. A study that measures the incidence of adisease
A. Case report
B. Cross sectional
C. Case control
D. Cohort
Answer: D
17. A study wherein bias is less likely to occur
A. Case report
B. Cross sectional
C. Case control
D. Cohort
Answer: D
18. The proportion of disease incidence that can be attributed to a specific exposure
A. Relative risk
B. Odds ratio
C. Attributable risk
D. Potential risk
Answer: C
19. All of the following are potential benefits of a randomized clinical trial, except
A. The likelihood that the study groups will be comparable is increased
B. Self-selection for a particular treatment is eliminated
C. External validity of the study is increased
D. Assignment of the next subject cannot be predicted
Answer: C
20. Recall is an example of what type of bias
A. Selection bias
B. Information bias
C. Confounding
D. Systematic
Answer: B
21. Type of design where both exposure anddisease are determined simultaneously
for eachsubject
A. Case study
B. Cross sectional study
C. Case control study
D. Cohort study
Answer: B
22. A study is conducted to determine the proportion of persons in the population
withPTB using AFB sputum for diagnosis
A. Case study
B. Cross sectional study
C. Case control study
D. Cohort study
Answer: B
23. Randomization is the best approach indesigning a clinical trial in order to
A. Achieve predictability
B. Achieve unpredictability
C. Achieve blinding
D. Limit confounding
Answer: B
24. Type of sampling whereby subjects are assigned according to a factor that would
influence the outcome of a study
A. Simple random sampling
B. Systematic sampling
C. Stratified random sampling
D. Cluster sampling
Answer: C
25. The extent to which a specific health care treatment, service, procedure,
program, or other intervention produces a beneficial result under ideal controlled
conditions is its
A. Effectiveness
B. Efficacy
C. Efficiency
D. Effect modification
Answer: B
26. Leading cause of Diarrheal disease
A. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
B. Salmonella (non-typhoid)
C. Rotavirus
D. Campylobacter jejune
Answer: C
37. Mammography should be done annually in women of what age?
A. 50 years old. and above
B. 60 years old and above
C. 45 years old and above
D. 30 years old and above
Answer: A
28. APGAR family assessment is interpreted by means of
A. Scoring
B. Comparing with a standard table
C. Using a scale of wellness
D. Consultation with a family psychologist
Answer: A