Set 2:
1. What is the purpose of Angular's dependency injection?
_Answer:_ Dependency injection (DI) in Angular allows the injection of services or
dependencies into components, making the code modular and reusable.
2. How does Angular routing work?
_Answer:_ Angular routing allows navigation between different views or pages in a
single-page application (SPA) using the router module to map URLs to components.
3. Explain how two-way data binding works in Angular.
_Answer:_ Two-way data binding allows automatic synchronization between the
data model and the UI. `[(ngModel)]` is used to bind the data.
4. What are Angular lifecycle hooks? Name a few.
_Answer:_ Angular lifecycle hooks are methods that get called during the different
phases of a component’s lifecycle. Examples: `ngOnInit()`, `ngOnDestroy()`,
`ngAfterViewInit()`.
5. How do you create a service in Angular?
_Answer:_ You can create a service using the Angular CLI with `ng generate service
serviceName` and inject it into components via dependency injection.
6. What is an Angular Module?
_Answer:_ An Angular Module (`@NgModule`) is a class decorated with metadata
that defines a collection of components, directives, services, and pipes that can be
used together.
7. Explain what `ngIf` and `ngFor` do in Angular.
_Answer:_ `ngIf` conditionally adds or removes elements based on a Boolean
condition. `ngFor` is used to loop through an array and render its elements in the
template.
8. What are Promises in JavaScript?
_Answer:_ Promises represent the eventual completion (or failure) of an
asynchronous operation and its resulting value.
9. Explain how you would implement authentication in Node.js.
_Answer:_ Authentication can be implemented using JSON Web Tokens (JWT). The
server generates a token upon successful login, and the token is sent with each
request for validation.
10. What are the common HTTP methods used in REST APIs?
_Answer:_ GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH are commonly used HTTP methods.
11. How do you handle errors in Node.js?
_Answer:_ Errors are handled using `try-catch` blocks for synchronous code and
promise rejections or `async/await` with error handling for asynchronous code.
12. What is the purpose of middleware in Express.js?
_Answer:_ Middleware functions in Express.js are used to handle HTTP requests,
modify the request/response, and manage routing logic.
13. How does event-driven architecture work in Node.js?
_Answer:_ Node.js uses event-driven architecture where an event loop listens for
events, and callbacks are triggered when an event occurs.
14. What is the difference between `res.send()` and `res.json()` in Express?
_Answer:_ `res.send()` sends a response of any type, while `res.json()` specifically
sends a JSON response and sets the correct content type header.
15. Explain the purpose of `mongoose.Schema`.
_Answer:_ `mongoose.Schema` defines the structure of documents within a
MongoDB collection, specifying field types, validations, and default values.
16. What is MongoDB?
_Answer:_ MongoDB is a NoSQL database that stores data in flexible, JSON-like
documents, allowing for schema-less design and high scalability.
17. How do you use the `find()` method in MongoDB?
_Answer:_ `find()` is used to query the database and retrieve documents that match
the query criteria.
18. How would you implement pagination in MongoDB?
_Answer:_ Pagination in MongoDB is done using the `limit()` and `skip()` methods to
control the number of documents returned and the starting point of the result set.
19. What is CORS, and how is it handled in Node.js?
_Answer:_ CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) is a mechanism that allows
restricted resources on a web page to be requested from another domain. It is
handled in Node.js using the `cors` package.
20. What is the purpose of `res.status()` in Express.js?
_Answer:_ `res.status()` sets the HTTP status code for the response, indicating the
outcome of the request (e.g., 200 for success, 404 for not found).
21. What is a RESTful API?
_Answer:_ A RESTful API adheres to the principles of REST, using HTTP methods,
stateless communication, and resource representation through URIs.
22. How do you handle file uploads in Node.js?
_Answer:_ File uploads can be handled in Node.js using middleware such as `multer`
to parse form data and store files on the server.
23. Explain how to establish a MongoDB connection using Mongoose in Node.js.
_Answer:_ Use `mongoose.connect('mongodb://localhost:27017/dbname')` to
establish a connection to a MongoDB database from Node.js.
24. What is a schema-less database?
_Answer:_ A schema-less database, like MongoDB, does not enforce a strict data
structure, allowing flexible document storage without predefined schemas.
25. What are the differences between SQL and NoSQL databases?
_Answer:_ SQL databases use structured schemas and relations, while NoSQL
databases are schema-less, supporting unstructured or semi-structured data.
26. Explain how the aggregation pipeline works in MongoDB.
_Answer:_ The aggregation pipeline in MongoDB processes data through multiple
stages, such as filtering, grouping, and transforming, to perform complex queries.
27. How can you protect routes in an Angular application?
_Answer:_ Use `AuthGuard` in Angular to protect routes and ensure only
authenticated users can access certain pages.
28. What is Lazy Loading in Angular?
_Answer:_ Lazy loading in Angular loads feature modules only when the route
associated with that module is activated, reducing initial load time.
29. How can you debug a Node.js application?
_Answer:_ You can debug a Node.js application using the built-in `node --inspect`
command, Chrome DevTools, or Visual Studio Code’s debugging tools.
30. What is `nodemon` used for in Node.js development?
_Answer:_ `nodemon` is a utility that automatically restarts a Node.js application
when it detects file changes, speeding up the development process.
