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17 views4 pages

Max Mini

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promita0769
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Jnt.

Also,
thr ) s a Natimarv
2, (0,0))
a0), (a0)

(0,0)-D'(0, 0) =4-4=0
a0)
)has nitter maxima nor minima at the origin,
Hnx,
Find the extrema of the following function:
Evane $O
flr. y)= '+3 3y-3r+4
|MARAUT-2004, 2007, 2009) M
Solutioa: Here.

fu. )= +3y*-3-3r +4
Then

f.= 3r+3y²-6x, f, = 6xy -6y

f=6r-6, f, = 6x -6, f =6y


Now,

f.=0+3r' +3* -6x=0’r+y'-2e0 ()

and

f=0+ 6y-6y=0’y-y#0
8: Calculus of
Functions of Several Variables 365
Solvingequations (i) and (i) the
critical points are (2, 0), (1, 1), (0, 0). Now,
ffy
Atthepoint(2,
0) -U'=(6x-6)- (6y) =36{(x-1° - y'

and f(2,f(2,0)
0)f,(2,0)-{,(2,0)-36>0
=6>0, f(2,0) =6>0
Therefore, f,y) is minimum at (2, 0). At the point (1, 1)
f4,) f,4,1)-{,4,} =-36<0
Therefore,fi, y)has noextreme value at (1, 1). At the point (0, 0)
J0.0) f,(0,0){S, (0,0) =36>
and

f(0,0) =-6<0, f (0,0) = -6<0


Therefore,fx,y) is maximum at (0, 0).
Example 8.51 Find the maximum and minimum of the
function
f(x, y) =x+y-3axy
[MAKAUT-2002, 2008,2014] D
Solution: Here,
f(x, y)= x +y'-3ary
Then,
f=3x-3ay, f, =3y' -3ax
s=6x, S,=6y, f =-3a
Now,
s.=0’ 3x-3ay=0’*-ay =0 ()
and

S, =0’ 3y-3ax =0’y - ar=0 (ii)

Solving equations (i) and (ii), the critical points are (0, 0) and (a, a). Now.
Ssy-'=36xy-9a
EngineeringMathematics - I
366

At the point (a, a)


la, a)f,(a, a) -{f,(a,a)}'= 27a' >0
f
and
6a >0if a> 0]
f(a, a) =6gc0if
|6a a<0
[6a>0if a>0
f(a,a)=16a<0if a<0)
Hence f(, y) is maximum at (a, a) if a<0and minimum at (a, a) ifaso
Atthe point (0, 0)
S0.0)f,(0, 0) -{,(0.0)} =-9a <0
Hence fx, y) is neither maximum nor minimum at (0, 0).
Example 8.52 Find the maxima and minima of the function
f(x, y)=+y'-63(x +y) +12xy
Find also the saddle points. [MAKAUT 2011,2016] D
Solution: Here,

fa, y) =*+y'-63(x +y)+ 12xy


Then

fx, y)= 3x'-63+12ry, f, (x, y)=3y'-63+12x,


s , y)=6x, f,(x, y)=6y and s, x, y)=12
Nowto find the critical points we solve
f(x, y)=3r-63+12y =0’-21+4y=0 ()
and

f.(x, y) =3y - 63+12x=0’ ()


y'-21+4x=0
Subtarcting (i) from (ii) we obtain,
(x- y\x+y-4)=0
Oj Several Varables
367
implies either (x- y)
t
of eçations =0or, (x y- 4) = 0. So from
above we hve
(I-y)=0 and*y-4 =0
r-21+4y~of 4)
4y=0 x-21+ 4y =0|
Shing above we obtain the
-l) and(
l(-1,5). (stationary points) critical points as (-7. -T.
Now,
f,(r. y) f, (x. y)-f(x.y) =36ry -144
be point (-7, -7)

f-1,-7)-f,1,-1)--1,-7) =1620>
f-1,-7)=-42<0and f,(-7,-)=-42 <0
0.
Threfore. fx. v) has maximum at (-7. -7) and the maximum value is
11.2)=2. At the point (3, 3)

f(3,3)-f,(3.3)-6.3) =180 >0


S(3,3) =18>0 and f(3,3) =18>0
Therefore. fx, v)has minimum at (3. 3) and the minimum value is f3. 3) =
-216. At both the the points (5, -1)and (-1, 5)

S5,-)J, (6,)-,6,-1) =-324<0


and f.(-1, 5)f,(-1,5)--15) =-324<0
Iherefore. fx. v) has neither maximum nor minimum at both the the points
D.-l)and (-1.5). So. these are the saddle points.
tample 8.53 Find the optimum value of fx, y) = x subject to the
tondition x+y=1 using Lagrangian multiplier method. D
Solution: Let
ox,v) X+y-1=0 (i)
L.y)= f(x, v) +A-olx,y), where is the Lagrangian multiplier. So,
Lx,y)= f(x,y) + -o(x,y) =xy +À-(x+y-1)

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