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Numrical Integration: Applications Using Newton-Cotes Integration Formulas

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24 views5 pages

Numrical Integration: Applications Using Newton-Cotes Integration Formulas

Uploaded by

benclick19
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Numrical Integration: applications

using Newton-Cotes Integration


Formulas

Dr Jalil Kwad
University of Anbar
Department of civil Engineering

The Newton-Cotes formulas are the most common numerical integration schemes.
They are based on the strategy of replacing a complicated function or tabulated
data with an approximating function that is easy to integrate.
Closed and open forms of the Newton-Cotes formulas are available. The closed
forms are those where the data points at the beginning and end of the limits of
integration are known. The open forms have integration limits that extend beyond
the range of the data.

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The difference between (a) closed and (b) open integration formulas.

Closed forum:

1- Trapezium Rule

2- SIMPSON’S RULES

Aside from applying the trapezoidal rule with finer segmentation,


another way to obtain a more accurate estimate of an integral is to use
higher-order polynomials to connect the points. For example, if there
is an extra point midway between f(a) and f(b), the three points can be
connected with a parabola (Fig.a). If there are two points equally
spaced between f(a) and f(b), the four points can be connected with a
third-order polynomial (Fig.b). The formulas that result from taking the
integrals under these polynomials are called Simpson’s rules.

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(a)Graphical depiction of Simpson’s 1/3 rule: It consists of taking the area
under a parabola connecting three points. (b) Graphical depiction of
Simpson’s 3/8 rule: It consists of taking the area under a cubic equation
connecting four points.

a- Simpson’s 1/3 Rule

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As was done for the trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s 1y3 rule can be derived by
integrating the forward Newton-Gregory interpolating polynomial:

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Ex:

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