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Output: Conclusion

fgfdghjfdghufdihfh

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29 views5 pages

Output: Conclusion

fgfdghjfdghufdihfh

Uploaded by

patyogendra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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%macro dispmsg 2

mov Rax,1
mov Rdi,1
mov rsi,%1
mov rdx,%2
syscall
%endmacro

display:
mov rbx,rax ; store no in rbx
mov rdi,result ;point rdi to result variable
mov cx,16 ;load count of rotation in cl

up1:
rol rbx,04 ;rotate no of left by four bits
mov al,bl ; move lower byte in al
and al,0fh ;get only LSB
cmp al,09h ;compare with 39h
jg add_37 ;if greater than 39h skip add 37
add al,30h
jmp skip ;else add 30
add_37:
add al,37h
skip:
mov [rdi],al ;store ascii code in result variable
inc rdi ; point to next byte
dec cx ; decrement counter
jnz up1 ; if not zero jump to repeat
dispmsg result,16 ;call to macro
ret

OUTPUT:

CONCLUSION: In this practical session, we learnt how to display any number on monitor. (Convesion
of hex to ascii number in ALP program).

15
EXP NO: 03

AIM: Write an X86/64 ALP to find the largest of given Byte/Word/Dword/64-bit numbers

OBJECTIVES:

 To understand assembly language programming instruction set.


 To understand different assembler directives with example.
 To apply instruction set for implementing X86/64 bit assembly language programs

ENVIRONMENT:

 Operating System: 64-bit Open source Linux or its derivative.


 Programming Tools: Preferably using Linux equivalent or MASM/TASM/NASM/FASM.
 Text Editor: geditor

THEORY:

Datatype in 80386:

Datatypes of 80386:
The 80386 supports the following data types they are

 Bit
 Bit Field: A group of at the most 32 bits (4bytes)
 Bit String: A string of contiguous bits of maximum 4Gbytes in length.
 Signed Byte: Signed byte data
 Unsigned Byte: Unsigned byte data.
 Integer word: Signed 16-bit data.
 Long Integer: 32-bit signed data represented in 2's complement form.
 Unsigned Integer Word: Unsigned 16-bit data
 Unsigned Long Integer: Unsigned 32-bit data
 Signed Quad Word: A signed 64-bit data or four word data.
 Unsigned Quad Word: An unsigned 64-bit data.
 Offset: 16/32-bit displacement that points a memory location using any of the addressing modes.
 Pointer: This consists of a pair of 16-bit selector and 16/32-bit offset.
 Character: An ASCII equivalent to any of the alphanumeric or control characters.
 Strings: These are the sequences of bytes, words or double words. A string may contain minimum one byte and maximum 4
Gigabytes.
 BCD: Decimal digits from 0-9 represented by unpacked bytes.
 Packed BCD: This represents two packed BCD digits using a byte, i.e. from 00 to 99.

16
Registers in 80386:

 General Purpose Register: EAX, EBX, ECX, EDX


 Pointer register: ESP, EBP
 Index register: ESI, EDI
 Segment Register: CS, FS, DS, GS, ES, SS
 Eflags register: EFLAGS
 System Address/Memory management Registers : GDTR, LDTR, IDTR
 Control Register: Cr0, Cr1, Cr2, Cr3
 Debug Register : DR0, DR,1 DR2, DR3, DR4, DR5, DR6, DR7
 Test Register: TR0, TR,1 TR2, TR3, TR4, TR5, TR6, TR7

EAX AX AH,AL
EBX BX BH,BL
ECX CX CH,CL
EDX DX DH,DL
EBP BP
EDI DI
ESI SI
ESP

Size of operands in an Intel assembler instruction

 Specifying the size of an operand in Intel


 The size of the operand (byte, word, double word) is conveyed by the operand itself
 EAX means: a 32 bit operand
 AX means: a 16 bit operand
 AL means: a 8 bit operand The size of the source operand and the destination operand must be equal

Addressing modes in 80386:

The purpose of using addressing modes is as follows:

17
1. To give the programming versatility to the user.
2. To reduce the number of bits in addressing field of instruction.

1. Register addressing mode: MOV EAX, EDX


2. Immediate Addressing modes: MOV ECX, 20305060H
3. Direct Addressing mode: MOV AX, [1897 H]
4. Register Indirect Addressing mode MOV EBX, [ECX]
5. Based Mode MOV ESI, [EAX+23H]
6. Index Mode SUB COUNT [EDI], EAX
7. Scaled Index Mode MOV [ESI*8], ECX
8. Based Indexed Mode MOV ESI, [ECX][EBX]
9. Based Index Mode with displacement EA=EBX+EBP+1245678H
10. Based Scaled Index Mode with displacement MOV [EBX*8] [ECX+5678H], ECX
11. String Addressing modes:
12. Implied Addressing modes:

LIST OF INTERRRUPTS USED:

LIST OF ASSEMBLER DIRECTIVES USED:

LIST OF MACROS USED:

LIST OF PROCEDURES USED:

ALGORITHM:

FLOWCHART:

18
EXP NO: 04

AIM: Write a switch case driven X86/64 ALP to perform 64-bit hexadecimal arithmetic operations (+,-
,*, /) using suitable macros. Define procedure for each operation.
OBJECTIVES:

 To understand assembly language programming instruction set.


 To understand different assembler directives with example.
 To apply instruction set for implementing X86/64 bit assembly language programs

ENVIRONMENT:

 Operating System: 64-bit Open source Linux or its derivative.


 Programming Tools: Preferably using Linux equivalent or MASM/TASM/NASM/FASM.
 Text Editor: geditor

THEORY:

LIST OF INTERRRUPTS USED: 80h

LIST OF ASSEMBLER DIRECTIVES USED: equ, db

LIST OF MACROS USED: scall

LIST OF PROCEDURES USED: add_proc, sub_proc, mul_proc, div_proc, disp64num

ALGORITHM:

FLOWCHART:

PROGRAM:

section .data
menumsg db 10,'****** Menu ******',
db 10,'1: Addition'
db 10,'2: Subtraction'
db 10,'3: Multiplication'
db 10,'4: Division'
db 10,10,'Enter your choice:: '

menumsg_len: equ $-menumsg

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