A MINI PROJECT (BEE 554) PRESENTATION

ON
“THREE PHASE INVERTER USING MICROCONTROLLER”

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGG.

SHAMBHUNATH INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
JHALWA PRYAGRAJ

GUIDED BY PRESENTED BY
HARSH PANDEY-23016
KANISHK -2301
CONTENT
a. Problems in present time
b. What is microgrid
c. Introduction
d. Block diagram
e. Circuit Diagram
f. Real model
g. Components
h. Microcontroller
i. MOSFET
j. BJT
k. Methodology
l. Conclusion
m. Future Scope
PROBLEMS IN PRESENT TIME
v In this era of booming technology and electrification, demand for electric power has put the power
generation and management system in a challenging situation.

v Escalated regulation on CO2 emission worldwide, the traditional power generation and management
system will not be able to withstand the challenge.

v The energy demand has been increasing which creates complications for the power distribution system,
like instability of the grid and power outages.

v Power distribution systems involving renewable energy, and the microgrid system is a promising
outcome of it.
WHAT IS MICROGRID?
v A Microgrid is defined as a low-voltage (LV) distribution network that includes

I. Distributed generators (DGs)

II. Energy storage devices
III. Controllable loads (operated either interconnected or isolated from the main power grid)
WHAT IS MICROGRID?
v Microgrids hold the potential of being very reliable and economically sustainable power systems
that can significantly improve the ecofriendliness, efficiency, and resiliency of a system.

Reduced
Reliable grid
power congestion

MICRO-
GRID

Support Improved
during sustainability
crises

Clean
energy
INTRODUCTION
v Since storage devices store energy in the form of DC electrical power, an inversion system is required to run the AC appliances,
power tools in households or industrial facilities.

v Microcontroller based three-phase inverter is designed to convert DC into three-phase AC power.

v The designed system generates 223V square signals at each phase from a 12V battery through switching of three stages of
MOSFETs using PWM signals at their gates from a microcontroller.
BLOCK DIAGRAM

Push-Pull
12V DC Source 3-∅
MOSFET 3-∅
(Battery) Bank
stage Load
Transformer

Atmega - 328P
(Microcontroller)
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
REAL MODEL
COMPONENTS USED
I. Atmega 328P Microncontroller(Arduino UNO).

II. MOSFET (IRF 540N).

III. MOSFET (IRF9540N).

IV. 4.7K Resistor.

V. BJT (BC548N).

VI. BJT (BC558N).

VII. 9V Battery.
Atmega 328P Microncontroller
(Arduino UNO)
v The Arduino Uno is one of the series of Arduino, which is based on the ATmega328 microcontroller, developed to formulate and
execute processes based on electronics to make interdisciplinary research work more accessible.

v The Arduino Uno board can operate on a DC supply of 6 to 20 volts.

v It comprises 14 digital input/output pins (among which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, an ICSP header, a 16 MHz
crystal oscillator, a power jack, a USB connection, and a reset button
MOSFET
v The Power MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) is
built on the original field-effect transistor introduced in the 1970s.

v Power MOSFETs are the most widely used power devices because of
1. fast switching speed
2. low gate-drive power
3. superior paralleling capability.

v There are two types of MOSFET’s used in this project IRF540N & IRF9540N
which are N channel and P channel Respectively

IRF540N and IRF9540N power MOSFETs have a maximum voltage capacity of

100V:

IRF540N:
An N-channel MOSFET that can drive loads up to 33A. It has a min. and max.
threshold voltage of 2V and 4V respectively.

IRF9540N:
A P-channel MOSFET with a continuous drain current of 23A. It has a gate-source
threshold voltage of 2.4V
 BJT
v A bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is a semiconductor device that amplifies or filters
signals. BJTs are made of three layers of silicon and have three terminals: the base, the
collector, and the emitter.

v For further conduction in the circuit Arduino is boosted by BJT. BJT in the circuit boost
up the low level input signal into high level output signal.

v In this circuit we have used BC548N and BC558N which are of NPN and PNP type
respectively.

v In the circuit, all power devices such as MOSFET & BJT are configured in push-pull,
those stages are utilized by three individual phases.
METHODOLOGY
The system operates by converting a DC input into a three-phase AC output using an Arduino UNO and a
combination of BJTs and MOSFETs. The Arduino board is powered by either a 12V DC supply or a USB
connection, and it generates control signals from pins 9, 10, and 11. These signals, passing through 4.7 kΩ
resistors, regulate the operation of BJTs (BC-558 and BC-548) and MOSFETs (IRF540 and IRF9540)
arranged in a push-pull configuration. This configuration ensures alternating switching of the
semiconductors, creating a three-phase AC signal with a 120° phase shift between phases.
CONCLUSION
v we conclude here that Arduino based inverter differs from the conventional inverter as Arduino is easy to
use for beginner.

v we require 12V dc supply which we can get either from a battery or by converting sun energy to
electrical energy and then use it so we can name it as a hybrid inverter.

v One can keep it as a backup supply in case of a power cut as well as can use it to share the load in the
industry by installing near to the industry and can drive a various load.
FUTURE SCOPES
1. Designing a filter to convert the square output signal into
sinusoidal

2. Changing the Arduino programming to generate sinusoidal output

without adding a filter

3. Designing the Grid Control Unit