OBJECT ORIENTED 1

PROGRAMMING
CS 1032
Chapter – 02
Inheritance

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 Principles of OOP

Pillars of OOP
All object-oriented programming
languages provide mechanisms that
helps you implement the object

Encapsulation

Polymorphism
Abstraction

Inheritance
oriented model.

Class 3
Object
 Inheritance
• Inheritance is a key feature in OOP that provides a
mechanism to inherit property of one class by another
class.
• Create new classes that are built upon existing classes.
Methods and fields of parent class, can be reuse by
inherit from an existing class, and new methods and
fields also can be add.
• Inheritance represents the IS-A relationship, also
known as parent-child relationship.

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Inheritance

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 Super-classes and Sub-classes
• A class that is derived from another class is called a subclass (also a derived class,
extended class, or child class).
• The class from which the subclass is derived is called a super class (also a base class
or a parent class).
• A class which is a subtype of a more general class is said to be inherited from it.
• The sub-class inherits the base class’ data members and member functions.
Syntax:
class Subclass-name extends Superclass-name {
//methods and fields
}
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 Terminologies
subclass super-class
or or
extends
derived class base class

sub-interface extends super-interface

class implements interface 7

 Example
class Employee{
float salary=40000;
}
class Programmer extends Employee{
int bonus=10000;
public static void main(String args[]){
Programmer p=new Programmer();
System.out.println("Programmer salary is:"+p.salary);
System.out.println("Bonus of Programmer is:"+p.bonus);
}
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}
 Note:
• As all fields and methods of the super-class are inherited, they can be used by
the sub-class.
• Private members of the super-class cannot be accessed directly from the sub-
class.
• Constructors are not members, thus they are not inherited by sub-classes, but
the constructor of the super-class can be invoked from the sub-class.
Constructor of the super-class can call, using the keyword super.

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 Types of inheritance in java
On the basis of class, there can be three types of inheritance in java: single, multilevel
and hierarchical.

1.Single 2.Multilevel 3.Hierarchical

Class A Class A Class A

Class B Class B
Class B Class C

Class C
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 super keyword
• The keyword super refers to the super class and can be used to invoke the
super class's methods and constructors.

• Usage of java super Keyword

– To call a super class constructor.
– To call a super class members.

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//example without super keyword
class Vehicle{ //example of super keyword
Example
int speed=50; class Vehicle{
} int speed=50;
class Bike3 extends Vehicle{ }
int speed=100; class Bike4 extends Vehicle{
void display(){ int speed=100;
System.out.println(speed); void display(){
//will print speed of Bike System.out.println(super.speed);
} //will print speed of Vehicle now
public static void main(String args[]){ }
Bike3 b=new Bike3(); public static void main(String args[]){
b.display(); Bike4 b=new Bike4();
} b.display();
} 12
}
Output: 100
} Output: 50
class Vehicle{ Example:
Vehicle(){System.out.println("Vehicle is created");}
}
class Bike5 extends Vehicle{
Bike5(){ Output:
super();//will invoke parent class constructor Vehicle is created
System.out.println("Bike is created"); Bike is created
}
public static void main(String args[]){
Bike5 b=new Bike5();
}
} 13
class Person{
void message(){System.out.println("welcome");}
Example
}
class Student extends Person{
Output:
void message(){System.out.println("welcome to java");}
welcome to java
void display(){ welcome
message(); //current class message() method
super.message();
//parent class message() method
}
public static void main(String args[]){
Student s=new Student();
s.display();
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}
}
Exercise

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Chapter 03

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