International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.2, No.

2, February 2014
E-ISSN: 2321-9637

Dynamic Analysis of Elevated RCC Circular Liquid

Storage Tank
Shraddha Mandar, Joshi, Dr.S.K.Deshmukh
PG Student, Principal
COET, Akola

Abstract- It is well recognized that liquid tanks possess low ductility and energy absorbing capacity as compared to the
conventional buildings. Seismic safety of liquid storage tanks is of considerable importance. As known from very upsetting
experiences, elevated water tanks were heavily damages or collapsed during earthquake Due to the fluid-structure interactions,
the seismic behaviour of elevated tanks has the characteristics of complex phenomena. Water storage tanks should remain
functional in the post earthquake period to ensure potable water supply to earthquake affected regions. The main aim of this
study is to analyze the Elevated Circular RCC Liquid Storage Tank by using Response spectrum method (IS 1893 method).

1. INTRODUCTION
Water is human basic needs for daily life.
Sufficient water distribution depends on design of a guide for analysis of industrial risk; such an
water tank in certain area. An elevated water tank is a assessment may include the seismic threat if ground
large water storage container constructed for the motion related malfunctioning (i.e. failure) rates are
purpose of holding water supply at certain height to available for components [2]. From the structural
pressurization the water distribution system. Many perspective, steel tanks for oil storage are
new ideas and innovation has been made for the standardized structures both in terms of design and
storage of water and other liquid materials in construction [3], [4], [5]. Review of international
different forms and fashions. There are many standards for the construction points out that design
different ways for the storage of liquid such as evolved slowly; therefore, a large number of post-
underground, ground supported, elevated etc. Liquid earthquake damage observations [6] are available and
storage tanks are used extensively by municipalities empirical vulnerability functions have been
and industries for storing water, inflammable liquids developed [7]. Liquid containing structures (LCS) as
and other chemicals. Thus Water tanks are very part of environmental engineering facilities are
important for public utility and for industrial primarily used for water and sewage treatment plants
structure. Elevated water tanks consist of huge water and other industrial wastes. Normally, they are
mass at the top of a slender staging which are most constructed of reinforced concrete in the form of
critical consideration for the failure of the tank during rectangular or circular configurations. Currently there
earthquakes. Elevated water tanks are critical and are few codes and standards available for seismic
strategic structures and damage of these structures design of LCS in North America. In almost all of
during earthquakes may endanger drinking water codes and standards, the Housner’s model (Housner,
supply, cause to fail in preventing large fires and 1963) has been adopted for dynamic analysis of LCS.
substantial economical loss. Since, the elevated tanks The hydrodynamic pressures induced by earthquakes
are frequently used in seismic active regions also are separated into two parts of impulsive and
hence; seismic behavior of them has to be convective components which are approximated by
investigated in detail. Due to the lack of knowledge the lumped added masses. The added mass in terms
of supporting system some of the water tank were of impulsive pressure is assumed rigidly connected to
collapsed or heavily damages. So there is need to the tank wall and the added mass in terms of
focus on seismic safety of lifeline structure using convective pressure is assumed connected to the tank
with respect to alternate supporting system which are wall using flexible springs to simulate the effect of
safe during earthquake and also take more design sloshing motion. In this model, the boundary
forces. condition in the calculation of hydrodynamic
pressures is treated as rigid. Although the
2. LITERATURE REVIEW Housner’s model has been applied in the seismic
Earthquakes represent an external hazard for design of LCS in the past, recent studies show that
industrial plants and may trigger accidents, i.e. fire due to the assumption of the lumped added mass and
and explosions resulting in injury to people and to the rigid tank wall, this method leads to overly
near field equipments or constructions, if structural conservative results. Chen and Kianoush (2005)
failures result in release of hazardous material. developed a procedure referred to as the sequential
Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA) [1] provides a method for computing hydrodynamic pressures based
on a two-dimensional model for rectangular tanks in
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 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.2, No.2, February 2014
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
which the effect of flexibility of tank wall was taken ( 0.110 x 25)]/ 4
into consideration. Later Kianoush et al. (2006) and [π x ( 0.45 )2 x 11.7 x 4 x 25 ]
Columns 186.1
/4
Ghaemian et al. (2005) applied the staggered method Braces 3.43 x 0.30 x 0.45 x 4 x 4 x25 185.2
to solve the coupled liquid storage tank problems in
Water [π x 4.652 x 3.0 x 9.81] / 4 499.8
three-dimensional space. Compared to the Housner’s
model, these results show that in most cases the Table 1.2 Weight of various components
lumped mass approach overestimates the base shear From Table 4.2,
and base moment significantly. Chen and Kinaoush Weight of staging = 186.1 + 185.2 = 371.3 kN.
(2007) proposed a generalized single degree of Weight of empty container = 60.1 + 251.4 + 100.2 +
freedom (SDF) system for dynamic analysis of LCS. 38.1 + 52.3 = 502.1 kN.
The consistent mass approach and the effect of Hence, weight of container + one third weight of
flexibility of tank wall on hydrodynamic pressures staging = 502.1 + 371.3 / 3 = 626 kN.
were considered. The prescribed vibration shape Time Period
functions representing the mode shapes for the Time period of impulsive mode,
cantilever wall boundary condition were validated.

Dynamic analysis of liquid storage tanks

Problem description
A RCC circular water tank of 50 m3
capacities having following properties is selected for
this study. Time period of convective mode,
Internal diameter = 4.65 m
Height of circular water tank = 3.3 m (including
freeboard of 0.3 m) For h / D = 0.65, Cc = 3.28.
Lowest water level = 12 m above ground level Thus
Density of concrete = 25 kN/m3
Grade of concrete = M20
Grade of steel = Fe 415
It is supported on RC staging consisting of 4 Design Horizontal Seismic Coefficient
columns of 450 mm dia with horizontal bracings of Design horizontal seismic coefficient for impulsive
300 x 450 mm at four levels. Staging conforms to mode,
ductile detailing as per IS13920. Staging columns
have isolated rectangular footings at a depth of 2m
from ground level. Tank is located on soft soil in
seismic zone II. Where,
Solution Z = 0.1 (IS 1893(Part 1): Table 2; Zone II)
Tank must be analysed for tank full and empty I = 1.5 (Table 1)
conditions. Since staging has special moment resisting frames
Preliminary Data (SMRF), R is taken as 2.5 (Table 2)
Details of sizes of various components and geometry Here, Ti = 0.80 sec, Site has soft soil,
are shown in Table 1.1 Damping = 5%, (Section 4.4)
Component Size (mm) Hence, (Sa /g) i = 2.09 (IS 1893(Part 1): Figure 2)
Roof Slab 120 thick
Wall 200 thick
Floor Slab 200 thick
Design horizontal seismic coefficient for convective
Gallery 110 thick
Floor Beams 250 x 600 mode,
Braces 300 x 450
Columns 450 dia
Table 1.1 Sizes of various components
Component Calculations Weight (kN) Where,
Z = 0.1 (IS 1893(Part 1): Table 2; Zone II)
[π x (5.05 )2 x ( 0.12 x 25 ) ]/ I = 1.5 (Table 1)
Roof Slab 60.1
4
R = 2.5
Wall π x 4.85 x 0.20 x 3.30 x 25 251.4 For convective mode, value of R is taken same as that
Floor Slab [π x (5.05 )2 x 0.20 x 25 ] / 4 100.2 for impulsive mode as per Section 4.5.1.
π x 4.85 x 0.25 x ( 0.60 – 0.20
Floor Beam
) x 25
38.1 Here, Tc = 2.26 sec, Site has soft soil,
Gallery [π x ( ( 7.05 )2 – ( 5.05 )2 ) x 52.3 Damping = 0.5%, (Section 4.4)

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 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.2, No.2, February 2014
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Hence, (Sa /g)c = 1.75 x 0.74 = 1.3 (IS 1893(Part 1): [4]. API 620, “Welded Steel Tanks for Oil
Figure 2) Storage”, American Petroleum Institute,
Multiplying factor of 1.75 is used to obtain Sa /g Washington D.C., USA, 1998.
values for 0.5% damping from that for 5% damping. [5]. API 650, “Design and Construction of
Large, Welded, Low-Pressure Storage
Tanks”, American Petroleum Institute,
Washington D.C., USA, 1998.
Base Shear [6]. NIST GCR 97-720, “Reliability and
Base shear at the bottom of staging, in impulsive restoration of water supply systems for fire
mode, suppression and drinking following
earthquakes”, National Institute of
Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg,
= 0.06 x (33,116 + 63,799) x 9.81 = 59.9 kN. MD, USA 1997
Similarly, base shear in convective mode, [7]. Salzano E., Iervolino I., Fabbrocino G.,
“Seismic Risk of Atmospheric Storage
0.04 x 17,832 x 9.81 = 7.0 kN. Tanks in the Framework of Quantitative
Total base shear at the bottom of staging, Risk Analysis”, J. Loss Prevent. Proc.,16,
403–409, 2003.
[8]. American Concrete Institute, ACI 350.3.
(2006). Seismic design of Liquid Containing
Concrete structures, Farmington Hills, MI,
Total lateral base shear is about 5 % of total seismic
U.S.
weight (1,126 kN). It may be noted that this tank is
[9]. American Society of Civil Engineers
located in seismic zone II.
(ASCE). (2005). Minimum Design Loads
Base Moment
for Buildings and Other Structures, ASCE 7,
Overturning moment at the base of staging, in
ASCE Standard, SEI/ASCE 7-02, Reston,
impulsive mode,
VA, U.S.
[10]. Chen, J. Z. and Kianoush, M. R. (2007).
= 0.06 x [33.116 x (1.92 + 14) + (63.799 x 15.18)] Generalized SDF System for Analysis of
x9.81 = 924 kNm. Concrete Rectangular Liquid Storage Tanks.
Similarly, overturning moment in convective mode, Proceedings of the 9th Canadian Conference
on Earthquake Engineering, Ottawa, Ontario
[11]. Chen, J. Z. and Kianoush, M. R. (2005).
= 0.04 x 17,832 x (2.19 +14) x 9.81 Seismic Response of Concrete Rectangular
= 113 kN-m. Tanks for Liquid Containing Structures.
Total overturning moment at the base of staging, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 32,
739-752.
[12]. Ghaemian, M., Kianoush, M. R. and
= 931 kN-m. Mirzabozorg, H. (2005). Time Domain
Since total base shear (60 kN) and base moment (931 Dynamic
kN-m) in tank full condition are more than that total [13]. Analysis of Rectangular Liquid Containers
base shear (50 kN) and base moment (760 kN-m) in in Three-Dimensional Space. Journal of
tank empty condition, design will be governed by European Earthquake Engineering XIX:2, 3-
tank full condition. 9.
[14]. Housner, G. W. (1963). The Dynamic
REFERENCES Behavior of Water Tanks. Bulletin of the
[1]. F.P. Lees, Loss Prevention in the Process Seismological Society of American 53:2.
Industries, second ed., Butterworth [15]. Kianoush, M. R., Mirzabozorg, H. and
Heinemann, Oxford, 1996. Ghaemian, M. (2006). Dynamic Analysis of
[2]. Fabbrocino G., Iervolino I., Orlando F., Rectangular Liquid Containers in Three-
Salzano E., “Quantitative Risk Analysis of Dimension Space. Canadian Journal of Civil
Oil storage facilities in seismic areas”. Engineering 33, 501-507.
Journal of Hazardous Materials, in press,
2005.
[3]. AWWA D100-96, “Welded Steel Tanks for
Water Storage”, American Water Works
Association, Denver, Colorado, USA, 1996.