Girls’ High School and College, Prayagraj

Session: 2020-21

Class 8 (A,B,C,D,E)

Subject – Mathematics

Worksheet 6

Instructions : Parents kindly ensure that the child understands the given examples to solve the
questions that follow. Students can also refer to class 8 Maths book or internet

Chapter – Rational Numbers (part 1)

𝒑
Rational Number – If p and q are both integers and q ≠ 0, then 𝒒 is called a rational number.

𝟑
Example − 𝟕 is a rational number as − 3 and 7 both are integers and 7 ≠ 0

Remember
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
1. Zero can be written as 𝟏 , 𝟐 , −𝟏𝟎 , −𝟏𝟑 , etc. in each of these cases denominator ≠ 0.

So 0 can be expressed as a fraction with a non − zero denominator therefore zero is a rational
number.

2. Every natural number, every whole number, every integer and every fraction is a rational
number .
𝑝
3. In the rational number 𝑞 , where p and q are integers and q ≠ zero, integer p is called
numerator and integer q is called the denominator.
8
Example: In − , numerator=-8 and denominator =15.
15
4. A rational number is positive if it’s numerator and denominator have same signs.
Thus
𝟓 −𝟓
(i) , , etc Is positive
𝟖 −𝟖
−𝟓 𝟓
(ii) , is negative
𝟖 −𝟖
𝑝
5. A rational number 𝑞 is said to be in standard form, if :
(i) p and q have no common divisor (factor) other than one (1) and
(ii) q is positive
3
Example : Is a rational number in standard form
5

Pg1/8

PROPERTIES OF ADDITION OF RATIONAL NUMBERS.

1. Closure property
If two rational numbers are added together, the result is always a rational number
For example
3 5
Addition of rational numbers 4 and 6
3 5 9 10 9+10 19
= 4 + 6 = 12 + 12 = = 12, which is a rational number.
12
𝑎 𝑐
Thus according to the closure property, if 𝑏 and 𝑑 are two rational numbers, then their
𝑎 𝑐
addition 𝑏 + 𝑑 Is also a rational number.
We say, set of rational numbers is closed for addition.
2. Commutativity
The addition of two rational numbers is commutative.
𝑎 𝑐
According to commutative property of addition,if 𝑏 and 𝑑 ,
𝑎 𝑐 𝑐 𝑎
are any two rational numbers then 𝑏 + 𝑑 = 𝑑 + 𝑏 .
For Example
7 5
Consider the rational numbers − 12 and 8.
−7 5 −14 + 15 1
+ = =
12 8 24 24
5 −7 15 − 14 1
𝑎𝑛𝑑 + = =
8 12 24 24
−7 5 5 −7
+ = +
12 8 8 12
3. Associativity
The addition of rational numbers is associative.
𝑎 𝑐 e
According to this property, if 𝑏 , 𝑑 and f are any three rational numbers, then
𝑎 𝑐 𝑒 𝑎 𝑐 𝑒
+[ + ] = [ + ]+
𝑏 𝑑 𝑓 𝑏 𝑑 𝑓
For Example
2 −5 7
Consider the rational numbers 3 , 6 and 12.
2 −5 7 2 −10 7
+[ + ]= +[ + ]
3 6 12 3 12 12
𝟐 −𝟑 𝟖−𝟑 𝟓
= 𝟑 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐
And,
2 −5 7 4 −5 7
[ + ]+ =[ + ]+
3 6 12 6 6 12
−1 7 −2+7 5
= 6 + 12 = 12 = 12
2 −5 7 2 −5 7
= 3 + [ 6 + 12] = [ 3 + ] + 12
6
4. Existence of additive identity of rational numbers
Additive identity for rational numbers is zero(0)
0+ a rational number = The same rational number +0. Pg2/8
= The rational number itself
 For example

−3 3 3
0+ = − +0=−
5 5 5
5. Existence of additive inverse of a rational number
The negative of a rational number is called an additive inverse
3 3
The additive inverse of 5 = − 5.
The sum of a rational number and is additive inverse = Additive identity.
Any rational number+ it’s additive inverse = 0, the additive identity
For Example
3 3
+ [− ] = 0
5 5

Example 1
Add each pair of rational numbers, given below, and show that their addition is also a
rational number:
7 3
(i) and 5
15
3 −5
(ii) and
8 12

Solution:
7 3 7 3𝑥3
(i) +5 = 15 + 5𝑥3
15
7 9
= 15 + 15
7+9 16
= = 15 which is a rational number.
15

3 −5 3𝑥3 −5𝑥2
(ii) + 12 = 8𝑥3 +
8 12𝑥2
9 −10 9−10 −1
= 24 + = 24 = which is a rational number
24 24

Question 1 :Add each pair of rational numbers, given below, and show that their
addition(sum) is also a rational number
−5 3
(i) and 8
8
5 8
(ii) −26
and 39
5 2
(iii) and 3
−6
7 8
(iv) and 27
−18

Pg3/8

Example 2
 3 5 −1 −7
Evaluate 4 + 6 + + 6
4

Solution

3 5 −1 −7 3 −1 5 −7
+ + + =[ + ]+[ + ]
4 6 4 6 4 4 6 6
3−1 5−7
= +
4 6
2 −2
= 4+ 6
1 1
= 2−3
3−2 1
= =6
6

Question 2 : Evaluate
3 −4 −11 7
(i) + 9 + +9
7 7

2 −4 1 2
(ii) + 5 +3+5
3

Example 3
4 −7
Use rational numbers 9 and 12 to verify the commutative property for the addition of rational
numbers.

Solution

4 −7 16 − 21 −5
+ = =
9 12 36 36
−7 4 −21+16 −5
And +9 = =
12 36 36
4 −7 −7 4
Therefore, + 12 = +9
9 12

This verifies the commutative property for the addition of rational numbers.

Question 3: For each pair of rational numbers, verify commutative property of

addition of rational numbers.
−8 5
(i) and 14
7
2 11
(ii) and −15 Pg4/8
−5
−2
(iii) 3 and 7
Example 4
−4 7 11
Use rational numbers , and −20 to verify the associative property of the addition of rational
5 10
numbers.

Solution
−4 7 11 −4 7 11
Show that + [10 + −20] = [ 5 + 10] + −20
5

−4 7 11 −4 7 −11
+[ + ]= +[ + ]
5 10 −20 5 10 20
−4 14−11
= + [ 20 ]
5

−4 3
= 5 + 20
−16+3 −13
= =
20 20

−4 7 11 −4𝑥2 7 11
And [ 5 + 10] + −20 = [ 5𝑥2 + 10] + −20

−8+7 −11
= + 20
10
−1 −11
= +
10 20

−2−11 −13
= =
20 20

−4 7 11 −4 7 −11
Therefore, + [10 + −20] = [ 5 + 10] +
5 20

Question 4 : For each set of rational numbers, given below, verify the associative
property of addition of rational numbers:
1 2 1
(i) , and
2 3
−6

−7 2 −5
(ii) , and 18
9 −3

Example 5

Write the additive inverse of:

3
(i) 8
Pg5/8
−8
(ii) 15
Solution:
3 3
(i) The additive inverse of 8 is − 8

−8 8
(ii) The additive inverse of is 15
15

QUESTION 5: Write the additive inverse of

−3
(i) 8

4
(ii)
−9

−4
(iii) −13

PROPERTIES OF SUBTRACTION OF RATIONAL NUMBERS

1. Closure property
a c 𝑎 𝑐
According to the closure property, ifb and d are two rational numbers then 𝑏 − 𝑑 is
c 𝑎
also a rational number. And so is d − 𝑏 .
For Example
3 5 3𝑥2 5
− = −
5 10 5𝑥2 10
6−5 1
= 10 = 10 , which is a rational number.
2. Commutativity
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎 𝑐 𝑐 𝑎
If 𝑏 and 𝑑 are any two rational numbers then 𝑏 − 𝑑 ≠ 𝑑 − 𝑏 .Hence, the subtraction
of rational numbers is not commutative.
For Example
−7 5
Consider the rational numbers and 8
12
−7 5 −14−15 −29
12
−8 = 24
= 24
And,
5 −7 5 7 15 + 14 29
−[ ] = + = =
8 12 8 12 24 24
−7 5 5 −7
Hence, 12 − 8 ≠ 8 — ( 12 )
3. Associativity. Pg6/8
𝑎 𝑐 𝑒
The subtraction of rational numbers is not associative .i.e. if𝑏 , 𝑑 and 𝑓 are three
rational numbers, then
 𝑎 𝑐 𝑒 𝑎 𝑐 𝑒
−[ − ] ≠ [ − ]−
𝑏 𝑑 𝑓 𝑏 𝑑 𝑓
For Example
2 −5 7
Consider the rational numbers 3 , and 12.
6
2 −5 7 2 −10 7
−[ − ]= −[ − ]
3 6 12 3 12 12
2 −17
= 3 — [ 12 ]
2 17
= +
3 12
8+17 25
= = 12
12

2 −5 7 4 5 7
And, (3 — ) − 12 = (6 + 6) − 12
6

9 7
= −
6 12
18 7 11
= 12 − 12 = 12

2 −5 7 2 −5 7
Therefore, 3 — ( 6 − 12) ≠ (3 — ) − 12
6

Question 6: Evaluate
2 4
(i) −5
3
−4 2
(ii) − −3
9
5 −13
(iii) − 42
21

Question 7: Subtract
5 −3
(i) from 8
8
8 4
(ii) from 11
11
−9 5
(iii) from 33
22
9 2
Question 8: The sum of two rational numbers is 20. If one of them is 5, find the other.
−7 5
Question 9: Which rational number should be added to to get ?
8 9

Pg7/8
3
Question 10: What should be subtracted from -2 to get 8 ?
Question 11: Evaluate
3 −4 −11 7
(i) + − −
7 9 7 9
4 −8 −13 17
(ii) − − 7 +
7 9 9

END. Pg8/8