Scribd
Upload
43 views17 pages

L5 Additional Notes of Power Flow Analysis

Uploaded by

Zherui Zhong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
43 views17 pages

L5 Additional Notes of Power Flow Analysis

Uploaded by

Zherui Zhong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

ADDITIONAL NOTES ON

POWER FLOW ANALYSIS


Power System Analysis Software

o There are many power system software available currently

o They are usually developed for transmission and/or distribution system.

o Most of the software are for single phase analysis

o Available for commercial and open source

o Many of these software have ‘academic’, ‘student’ or ‘free trial’ version.

2
PSS/Siemens PTI (USA)

o More info: https://pss-store.siemens.com/


o Educational version PSS/E University – free
o Used by transmission and distribution companies

3
DIgSilent – DIgSILENT GmbH (Germany)

o More info: Power System Solutions - DIgSILENT


o Educational version at a reduced price
o Superb functionality
o Used by transmission companies

4
PowerWorld – PowerWorld Corporation (USA)

o More info: https://www.powerworld.com/


o Free educational version

5
Example 6.9 (pg: 327, J.D. Glover’s Book)

6
PowerWorld Software (refer to J.D. Glover’s Book)

o See also Example 6.11 for the NR method.

7
IPSA Power – IPSA Power Group/TNEI (UK)

o More info: https://www.ipsa-power.com/


o Educational version at a reduced price
o Used by distribution companies in the UK and Middle East

8
DINIS (UK/Ireland)

o Old package: developed around mid of 1980


o Used for distribution network – 11kV system planning
o Background graphics in the form of bitmaps

9
OpenDSS – EPRI (USA)

o More info: https://sourceforge.net/projects/electricdss/


o Open source – entirely free

10
InterPSS (USA)

o More info: http://interpss.com/


o Open source – entirely free

11
Power Flow Applications in Planning

o Calculate bus voltage magnitude and angle


o Calculate line flows
o Check voltages and flows for all probable situations
o Initialise other calculations
- For dynamic studies
- For short circuit studies
- Etc.
o Forecast the load at all buses (or some of them)
o Forecast construction of generation plants
o In general, calculation of power flows for various generation and load scenarios
- Peak and light loads
- N-1, N-2 (i.e., outages of lines or generating plants)
o Key question: are all voltages and flows within limits?
12
What if power/current flows are too high?

o Build more lines


o Build lines with higher nominal voltage
o Build plants closer to the load centre

13
What if voltage are too low?

o Build more lines


o Build lines with higher nominal voltage
o Build plants closer to the load centre
o Add sources of reactive power (injection) closer to load

What if voltage are too high?

o Add sinks of reactive power (absorption)

14
Applications in Operation

o Goal: operate at minimum cost while maintaining system security


- For normal conditions
▪ All equipment available
- For contingency conditions
▪ Some equipment suddenly unavailable
▪ ‘N-1’ and ‘N-2’ security

15
Power Flow & Control

o Active power control


- Remedy flow problems
o Means :
- Generation re-dispatch
▪ Very effective but costly
- Quad boosters (aka phase shifters)
▪ Transformers that act as “MW pumps”
- Load shedding
▪ Used only as a last resort to avoid a system collapse

16
Power Flow & Control

o Reactive power control


- Remedy voltage problems
o Means :
- Voltage set-point of generators
- Tap-changing transformers
▪ Operate like “var pumps”
- Reactive compensation
▪ SVC (Static var compensator), MSC (mechanically switched capacitor),
MSR (mechanically switched reactor), synchronous condenser.
- Switch lines out of service (to lower voltage)
- Load shedding
▪ Used only as a last resort to avoid a system collapse

17

You might also like