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Relevant Range
Nonlinear Behavior of Variable and Fixed Costs
In the previous two slides, the assumption was made that the total variable costs and total costs were linear, and straight lines were used to represent both types of costs. A straight- lien relationship does not usually exist for variable costs throughout the entire range of activity. In the real world, the relationship between variable cost behavior and changes in the activity level is often curvilinear, as shown in part (a). The behavior of total fixed costs through all levels of activity is shown in part (b).
Linear Behavior Within Relevant Range
Operating at zero or at 100% capacity is the exception for most companies. Companies usually operate over a narrower range – such as 40-80% of capacity. The relevant range of the activity is the range over which a company expects to operate during a year. Within this range, as shown in the diagrams, a straight-line relationship normally exists for both fixed and variable costs.