PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA PITAMPURA SHIFT-1

CHAPTER-3 & 4 MATRICES & DETERMINANT

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1 If A is a square matrix of order 3, |A’| = – 3, then |AA'| =?
|AA'| =|A||A'|=|A||A|=(– 3)( – 3)=9
2 For what value of 𝑥, the matrix : [
5−𝑥 𝑥+1
] is singular?
2 4
5−𝑥 𝑥+1
For singular matrix, |A|=0 ∴| |=0
2 4
4(5 − 𝑥) − 2(𝑥 + 1) = 0, so 𝑥 = 3
3 If A is a square matrix of order 3 such that | adj A | = 64, find
|3A|
| 𝒂𝒅𝒋 𝑨 |=| 𝐀 | 𝒏−𝟏
∴ 64 = | A | 3−1 ⇒ | A | = ±8
Now, |𝒌𝑨| = 𝐤 𝒏 | 𝐀 |
|3A| = 3 3 | A |=27(±8) = ±216
4 If A is a square matrix of order 3 and |3 A| = K|A|, then write the
value of K
|𝒌𝑨| = 𝐤 𝒏 | 𝐀 |
|3A| = K|A|
3 3 | A |=K|A| ⇒ K = 27
5 If A is a square matrix of order 3 such that |adj A| = 225, find |A′ |
| 𝒂𝒅𝒋 𝑨 |=| 𝐀 | 𝒏−𝟏
∴ 225 = | A | 3−1 ⇒ | A | = ±15 ⇒ | A′ | = ±15
6 1 −2 3
2 3
If A= [ ] and B = [4 5] and BA= (bij ), find b21 + b32 .
−4 2 5
2 1
2 3 −10 2 21
1 −2 3
[4 5] [ ] = [ −16 2 27]
−4 2 5
2 1 −2 −2 11
b21 + b32 = −16 − 2 = −18
7 0 2b −2
If Matrix 𝐴 = [ 3 0 −3 ] is skew-symmetric, find the values of
3𝑎 3 0
𝑎 and 𝑏
2b= negative(3)=-3⇒ 𝑏 = −3/2
3a= negative(-2)=2⇒ 𝑎 = 2/3
8 2 3 1
Express A=[ 4 2 1 ] as sum of symmetric and skew
5 −4 −2
symmetric matrices.
 2 3 1 2 4 5
A=[ 4 2 1 ], A’=[ 3 2 −4]
5 −4 −2 1 1 −2
1 1
Now, A= [𝐴 + 𝐴′] + [𝐴 − 𝐴′]
2 2
4 7 6 0 −1 −4
1 1
= [7 4 −3] + 2 [ 1 0 5]
2
6 −3 4 4 5 0
=Symmetric Matrix +Skew Symmetric Matrix
9 If [
9 −1 4
]=A+ [
1 2 −1
], then find the matrix A.
−2 1 3 0 4 9
9 −1 4 1 2 −1
[ ]=A+ [ ],
−2 1 3 0 4 9
9 −1 4 1 2 −1 8 −3 5
A=[ ]- [ ] =[ ]
−2 1 3 0 4 9 −2 −3 −6
10 If A =[
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼
], then for what value of 𝛼, A is an identity
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼
matrix.
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 1 0
[ ]=[ ]
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 0 1
𝛼 = 00
11 If [
1 2 3 1
][ ] = [
7 11
], then find the value of k.
3 4 2 5 𝑘 23
1 2 3 1 7 11
[ ][ ] = [ ]
3 4 2 5 𝑘 23
3 + 4 1 + 10 7 11
[ ] = [ ]
9 + 8 3 + 20 𝑘 23
On comparing elements k=17
12 From the following matrix equation , find the value of x :
𝑥+𝑦 4 3 4
[ ]= [ ]
−5 3𝑦 −5 6
On comparing elements x+y=3 and 3y=6
⇒ 𝑦 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 1
13 If A and B are symmetric matrices , such that AB and BA are both
defined , then prove that AB-BA is a skew symmetric matrix.
To prove:AB-BA is a skew symmetric matrix.
i.e. (𝐴𝐵 − 𝐵𝐴)′ = −(𝐴𝐵 − 𝐵𝐴)
Given: 𝐴′ = 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵′ = 𝐵
Proff: (𝐴𝐵 − 𝐵𝐴)′ = (𝐴𝐵)′ − (𝐵𝐴)′
= 𝐵′𝐴′ − 𝐴′ 𝐵′
= 𝐵𝐴 − 𝐴𝐵
= −(𝐴𝐵 − 𝐵𝐴)
Hence, 𝐴𝐵 − 𝐵𝐴 is a skew symmetric matrix.
14 Show that the matrix 𝐵′𝐴𝐵 is symmetric or skew symmetric
according as 𝐴 is symmetric or skew symmetric.
(𝐵′ 𝐴𝐵)′ = (𝐴𝐵)′ (𝐵′ )′ = 𝐵′𝐴′𝐵 -------(1)
Now if 𝐴 is symmetric 𝐴′ = 𝐴
Then, (𝐵′ 𝐴𝐵)′ = 𝐵′𝐴𝐵 ⇒ 𝐵′𝐴𝐵 is symmetric
Now if 𝐴 is skew symmetric 𝐴′ = −𝐴
Then, (𝐵′ 𝐴𝐵)′ = −𝐵′ 𝐴𝐵 ⇒ 𝐵′𝐴𝐵 is skew symmetric
15 Using determinates find the equation of the line joining the points
(3,1) and (9,3)
Equation of the line joining two points,
x y 1
| x1 y1 1| = 0
x 2 y2 1
x y 1
| 3 1 1| = 0
9 3 1
−2𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 0 = 0
𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 0
16 Using determinants find k so that the points (k,2-2k), (-k+1,2k)
and (-4-k, 6-2k) may be collinear .
Area of Triangle =0
1 k 2 − 2𝑘 1
|−𝑘 + 1 2k 1| = 0
2
−4 − k 6 − 2𝑘 1
𝑘(2𝑘 − 6 + 2𝑘) − (2 − 2𝑘)(−𝑘 + 1 + 4 + 𝑘) + 1(2𝑘 2 − 8𝑘 + 6 + 8𝑘 + 2𝑘 2 )
=0
𝑘(4𝑘 − 6) − (2 − 2𝑘)(5) + 1(4𝑘 2 + 6) = 0
8𝑘 2 + 4𝑘 − 4 = 0
(𝑘 + 1)(2𝑘 − 1) = 0
1
So, 𝑘 = −1 𝑜𝑟 𝑘 =
2
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1 1 −1 0 2 2 −4
Find AB, where A = [ 2 3 4 ] ,B = [−4 2 −4] and use it to
0 1 2 2 −1 5
solve the equations: 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3, 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 17, 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 7
1 −1 0 2 2 −4 6 0 0
AB== [ 2 3 4 ] [−4 2 −4] = [ 0 6 0 ] =6I
0 1 2 2 −1 5 0 0 6
Now,𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3, 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 17, 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 7
1 −1 0 𝑥 3
In Matrix Form, [ 2 3 4 ] [ 𝑦 ] = [ 17]
0 1 2 𝑧 7
 ⟹ 𝑃𝑋 = 𝑄 ⟹ 𝑋 = 𝑃−1 𝑄
2 2 −4
−1 1
By (i) 𝑃 = [−4 2 −4]
6
2 −1 5
𝑥 2 2 −4 3 12 2
1 1
So,[𝑦] = [−4 2 −4] [17] = 6 [−6] = [−1]
6
𝑧 2 −1 5 7 24 4
⟹ 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = −1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 4
2 2 3 1
If A= [−3 2 1 ] , find A−1 and hence solve the given
5 −4 −2
equations: 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 11, 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 4𝑧 = −5, 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑧 = −3
2 3 1
A= [−3 2 1]
5 −4 −2
|𝐴| = +2(0) − 3(1) + 1(2) = −1
1
We know that, 𝐴−1 = |𝐴| 𝐴𝑑𝑗𝐴
+(0) −(1) +(2)
Cofactor Matrix C=[−(−2) +(−9) −(−23)]
+(1) −(5) +(13)
0 2 1
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝐴 = 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐶 = [−1 −9 −5)]
2 23 13
0 2 1
1 1
So, 𝐴−1 = |𝐴| 𝐴𝑑𝑗𝐴 = 𝐴−1 = [−1 −9 −5)]
−1
2 23 15
0 −2 −1
=[ 1 9 5 ]
−2 −23 −13
Equations: 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 11, 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 4𝑧 = −5, 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑧 = −3
2 −3 5 𝑥 11
In Matrix form, [ 3 𝑦
2 −4] [ ] = [−5]
1 1 −2 𝑧 −3
−1
⟹ 𝑃𝑋 = 𝑄 ⟹ 𝑋 = 𝑃 𝑄
0 −2 −1
𝑃 = Transpose of Inverse of [ 1
−1
9 5 ]
−2 −23 −13
0 1 −2
=[−2 9 −19]
−1 5 −13
𝑥 0 1 −2 11 1
So,[𝑦] = [−2 9 −23] [−5] = [2]
𝑧 −1 5 −13 −3 3
⟹ 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 3
3 2 −3 5
If A= [ 3 2 −4] , find A−1 and hence solve the given
1 1 −2
equations:2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 11, 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 4𝑧 = −5, 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑧 = −3
𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 3
5 2 0 1
If A=[2 1 3] ,then find the value of 𝐴2 – 3𝐴 + 2𝐼.
1 −1 0
6 2 2 −4 1 −1 0
Given 𝐴 = [−4 2 −4] ,and 𝐵 = [2 3 4], find BA and use this
2 −1 5 0 1 2
product to solve the system of equations
𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 7 , 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3 and 2x + 3y + 4z = 17
7 1 0 −2
If𝐴 = [−2 −1 2 ], then verify that 𝐴3 − 𝐴2 − 3𝐴 − 𝐼 = 0 and using
3 4 1
it find 𝐴−1 .
1 0 −2 1 0 −2 −5 −8 −4
2
𝐴 = 𝐴. 𝐴 = [−2 −1 2 ] [−2 −1 2 ] = [ 6 9 4]
3 4 1 3 4 1 −2 0 3
−5 −8 −4 1 0 −2 −1 −8 −10
𝐴3 = 𝐴2 . 𝐴 = [ 6 9 4 ] [−2 −1 2 ] = [ 0 7 10 ]
−2 0 3 3 4 1 7 12 7
3 0 −6 1 0 0
3𝐴 = [−6 −3 6 ], 𝐼 = [0 1 0],
9 12 3 0 0 1
So, 𝐴3 – 𝐴2 − 3𝐴 − 𝐼
−1 −8 −10 −5 −8 −4 3 0 −6 1 0 0
=[ 0 7 10 ] − [ 6 9 4 ] − [−6 −3 6 ] − [0 1 0]
7 12 7 −2 0 3 9 12 3 0 0 1
0 0 0
= [ 0 0 0]
0 0 0
Proved
We have, 𝐴3 − 𝐴2 − 3𝐴 − 𝐼 = 0
Multiply by 𝐴−1 both the sides, 𝐴2 − 𝐴 − 3I − 𝐴−1 = 0
So, 𝐴−1 = 𝐴2 − 𝐴 − 3I
−5 −8 −4 1 0 −2 3 0 0
=[ 6 9 4 ] − [−2 −1 2 ] − [0 3 0]
−2 0 3 3 4 1 0 0 3
−9 −8 −2
𝐴−1 = [ 8 7 2]
−5 −4 −1