Jan. 6, o Define hazard (e.g.

, a
2025 potential source of harm or
danger).
LESSON PLAN IN DRRR
o Differentiate between
Understanding Disasters and Hazards
natural hazards (e.g.,
I. Learning Objectives: earthquakes, typhoons) and
human-made hazards (e.g.,
By the end of the lesson, students will be
fires, chemical spills).
able to:
o Provide real-life examples
1. Define disaster and hazard.
and impacts.
2. Differentiate between natural and
3. Group Activity (20 minutes):
human-made hazards.
o Divide students into groups.
3. Explain the impact of hazards on
communities. o Each group identifies
examples of natural and
human-made hazards from
II. Materials: their local community.
 PowerPoint presentation o Groups present their
answers.
 Videos or images of disasters
4. Synthesis and Wrap-Up (10
Lesson Flow:
minutes):
1. Motivation (5 minutes):
o Recap key points: disaster,
o Show a short video or images hazard, and types of hazards.
of disasters (e.g., typhoons,
o Ask: “Why is it important to
earthquakes, fires).
identify hazards in our
o Ask: “What do you think community?”
caused these events? How
5. Assignment:
do they affect people and
communities?” o Research a recent disaster in
the Philippines and identify
2. Lecture and Discussion (20
its causes and effects.
minutes):
o Define disaster (e.g., a
serious disruption to a Jan. 7, 2025
community).
Risk and Vulnerability
I. Learning Objectives:
By the end of the lesson, students will be location, lack of
able to: preparedness).
1. Define risk and vulnerability. 3. Case Study Analysis (20 minutes):
2. Explain the relationship between o Provide students with a short
hazard, risk, and vulnerability. case study (e.g., Typhoon
Yolanda).
3. Identify factors that contribute to a
community’s vulnerability. o Students identify the
hazards, risks, and
vulnerabilities in the
Materials: scenario.
 PowerPoint presentation 4. Class Discussion (10 minutes):
 Case study handouts o Ask: “What makes some
communities more
 Visual aids (e.g., diagrams)
vulnerable than others?”
5. Assignment:
Lesson Flow:
o Interview a family member
1. Review (5 minutes): or neighbor about hazards
o Ask students to share their and risks in your local area.
research on recent disasters.
2. Lecture and Discussion (20
minutes):
Jan. 8, 2024
o Define risk (e.g., the
Disaster Preparedness and Management
likelihood of harm or loss
due to a hazard). Learning Objectives:
o Define vulnerability (e.g., the By the end of the lesson, students will be
conditions that make a able to:
community susceptible to
1. Define disaster preparedness and
damage).
disaster management.
o Discuss the relationship:
2. Explain the importance of
Hazard + Vulnerability =
preparedness in reducing risks.
Risk.
3. List steps individuals and
o Explain factors contributing
communities can take to prepare for
to vulnerability (e.g., poverty,
disasters.
 o Divide students into groups.
Materials: o Each group creates a simple
family disaster preparedness
 PowerPoint presentation
plan:
 Preparedness checklist handouts
 Emergency contacts
 Videos on disaster preparedness
 Safe evacuation
routes
Lesson Flow:  Emergency kit
1. Motivation (5 minutes): checklist

o Show a short video on 4. Presentation and Discussion (10

disaster preparedness (e.g., minutes):
emergency kits, evacuation o Groups present their plans.
drills).
o Discuss: “How can
o Ask: “How prepared are we preparedness reduce risks
for disasters?” and save lives?”
2. Lecture and Discussion (20 5. Assignment:
minutes):
o Create a family emergency
o Define disaster kit checklist and share it with
preparedness (e.g., actions your family.
taken to reduce the impact
of disasters).
o Define disaster management
(e.g., organizing resources to
respond to and recover from
disasters).
o Discuss preparedness
measures:
 Emergency kits
 Family evacuation
plans
 Community drills
3. Group Activity: Preparedness Plan
(20 minutes):
Basic Concept of Disaster
A disaster is a sudden, catastrophic event
that disrupts the normal functioning of a
community or society, causing significant
human, material, economic, or
environmental losses. Disasters can
overwhelm the capacity of affected people
to cope using their own resources.

Types of Disasters
1. Natural Disasters
o Caused by natural forces or
phenomena.
o Examples: Earthquakes,
floods, typhoons, volcanic
eruptions, droughts,
tsunamis.
2. Man-Made Disasters
o Result from human activities
or negligence.
o Examples: Industrial
accidents, oil spills, war,
pollution, deforestation.
3. Complex Disasters
o A combination of natural and
man-made causes.
o Example: Famine caused by
drought and poor
governance.

Key Concepts in Disasters

 1. Hazard proactive steps to minimize risks and
respond effectively to disasters.
o A potential danger or threat
(e.g., typhoon, earthquake).
2. Vulnerability
o The degree to which a
community or system is
exposed to hazards and
unable to cope.
o Example: Poor housing near
flood-prone areas.
A natural event becomes a disaster when it
3. Exposure causes significant harm to people, property,
and the environment, overwhelming the
o The presence of people,
capacity of a community to cope with its
infrastructure, or assets in
effects.
areas affected by hazards.
Key Factors that Turn a Natural Event into a
4. Risk
Disaster
o The probability of harm or
1. Presence of Hazards
loss due to a hazard.
o A natural event such as an
o Formula: Risk = Hazard ×
earthquake, typhoon, or
Vulnerability × Exposure
flood is a hazard — a
5. Disaster Resilience potential source of harm.
o The ability of a community to o Example: A strong typhoon
prepare for, respond to, and with heavy rains and winds.
recover from disasters.
2. Vulnerability
o Vulnerability refers to the
Importance of Disaster Preparedness weaknesses or lack of
capacity of a community to
 Reduces loss of life and property.
withstand or recover from
 Ensures quick recovery after a the hazard.
disaster.
o Example: Poorly built houses
 Strengthens community resilience. in flood-prone areas are
more likely to be destroyed.
By understanding these basic concepts,
individuals and communities can take 3. Exposure
 o Exposure is the presence of vulnerable communities, causing significant
people, infrastructure, and damage and exceeding their ability to
assets in areas where recover. Reducing vulnerability and
hazards occur. increasing preparedness are key to
minimizing the impact of natural events.
o Example: A densely
populated city located near
an active fault line is highly
exposed to earthquakes.
4. Lack of Preparedness
o If communities are not
prepared (e.g., no early
warning systems, evacuation
plans, or disaster response
measures), the impact of a
natural event can be much
worse.
o Example: No warning for an
approaching tsunami leads to
greater loss of life.
5. Severity of Impact
o A natural event becomes a
when does a disaster becomes hazard
disaster when it results in:
ChatGPT said:
 Loss of lives
ChatGPT
 Widespread injuries
A disaster does not become a hazard
 Destruction of homes
because they are two distinct concepts in
and infrastructure
disaster management. However,
 Disruption of understanding the relationship between the
livelihoods and two is important:
essential services
1. Hazard refers to a potential threat or
event that can cause harm or
damage.
Conclusion
o Examples: Earthquakes,
A natural event (like a typhoon or
floods, typhoons, volcanic
earthquake) is not inherently a disaster. It
eruptions, or even man-
becomes a disaster when it interacts with
 made events like industrial
accidents.
2. Disaster occurs when a hazard
causes significant harm to people,
property, and the environment,
overwhelming the ability of a
community to cope.

Clarifying the Relationship

 A hazard is the potential for harm.
 A disaster is the result of a hazard
when it interacts with vulnerability
and exposure.
For example:
 A typhoon (hazard) passing over an
unprepared and vulnerable
community causes flooding, loss of
life, and property damage. This turns
the hazard into a disaster.

Key Points
 A hazard exists before a disaster
happens.
 A disaster is the outcome of a
hazard combined with vulnerability
and exposure.
 A disaster cannot "become" a
hazard, but hazards can lead to
disasters if risks are not managed
properly.
By reducing vulnerability (e.g., improving
infrastructure, preparedness), hazards are
less likely to result in disasters.