Higher Mathematics I

Class – XI-XII (National)

Worksheet
Chapter 1: Matrices and Determinants
2-marks questions
(1) What are the conditions for two matrices to be equal? 12
(18) If 𝐵 = [ ] then find 𝐵 ∙ 𝐵𝑡 .
20
(2) What are the conditions that two matrices can be
2 3
(19) Justify if the matrix [ ] is involutory or not.
added and multiplied? −1 −2
𝑎 𝑎+1
(3) What is a skew-symmetric matrix? (20) Show that 𝐴 = [ ] is an involutory
−𝑎 + 1 −𝑎
(4) What are the conditions for a matrix to be invertible? matrix, when 𝑎 = 5.
(5) Write down two differences between a matrix and a 0 7 10
determinant. (21) Justify if the matrix [ −7 0 15] is skew-
−10 −15 0
𝑥−5 8 𝑦−1 8
(6) If [ ]=[ ], then find (𝑥, 𝑦). symmetric.
−1 𝑦+3 −1 7
0 2 𝑚
(7) If 𝐴 + 𝐵 = 𝐶, find the values of 𝑎 and 𝑏, where 𝐴 = (22) If the matrix [−2 0 3 ] is skew symmetric, find
3 2 3 2 10 3 𝑎 12 6 4 −3 0
[4 2 1 ] , 𝐵 = [3 8 2] and 𝐶 = [𝑏 10 3 ]. the value of 𝑚.
2 1 −2 1 8 1 3 9 −1
3 −1 𝑐 −5 −6
(8) If 𝐴 = ( ) then find 𝐴 + 𝐴𝑇 . (23) Find the value of 𝑐 + 𝑎, if [5 2𝑐 3 ] is a skew-
2 −4
𝑎 −3 𝑐
4 3
(9) If 𝐵 + 2𝐼 = ( ), then find 𝐵. symmetric matrix.
2 5
1 −1 2 0 −4
(10) If 3 ( ) + 𝐸 = 𝐼2 , then find 𝐸.
2 4 (24) If 𝑃 = [3 0 0 ], then show that, 𝑃 is a nilpotent
1 −2 2 3 0 2 1 0 −2
(11) If 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐵 = [ ] determine
3 4 5 −7 1 8 matrix and find the index of nilpotent.
2𝐴 + 3𝐵. 5 2
(25) Show that 𝐵 = ( ) is an idempotent matrix.
3 −1 2 −1 −10 −4
(12) If 𝑃 = [ ],𝑄 = [ ], what is the name of the
2 −2 2 −3 (26) Determine the (1, 3)-th cofactor of |𝐴|, where 𝐴 =
matrix 𝑃 − 𝑄? Justify your answer. 12 3 0
4 1 (1 2 1).
(13) What is the value of 𝑚, if trace of 𝐴 = [ ] is 5? 6 1 0
3 𝑚
(14) Find the trace of the matrix 𝑃 + 𝑄 where 𝑃 = 1 𝑥
(27) If 2 | | = 𝑥 2 then find 𝑥.
2 3
4 −1 3 0 4 3 𝑎−5 2
[0 7 5] and 𝑄 = [−3 −4 −5]. (28) If 𝑀 = [ ] is a singular matrix then 𝑎 =?
2 𝑎−2
6 −2 2 −2 1 2
𝑘+3 −1
0 2 (29) For which value of 𝑘, [ ] will be singular?
1 2 3 𝑘 𝑘+2
(15) If 𝐴 = ( ) and 𝐵 = (1 2 ) then prove that
4 5 6 𝑥 2
0 −1 (30) If ( ) is a singular matrix, find the value of 𝑥.
𝑥 2
𝐴𝐵 ≠ 𝐵𝐴.
𝑥 1 0
4 8 4 2 −4 1 (31) For which value of 𝑥, [1 2 1] is singular?
(16) If 𝐴 = [0 4 4] and 𝐵 = [ 2 0 −1], then show 1 2 𝑥
8 0 8 −2 4 1
(32) Prove without expansion,
that 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐴 = 𝐼.
𝑎 −𝑥 𝑎+𝑥
3 (a) |𝑏 −𝑦 𝑏 + 𝑦 | = 0.
(17) If 𝐴 = (1 2 3) and 𝐵 = (2) then find (𝐴𝐵)𝑡 and 𝑐 −𝑧 𝑐+𝑧
1
(𝐵𝐴)𝑡 .

Sharmin Sharfuddin, Assistant Teacher, Baridhara Scholars’ International School and College (BSISC)
 1 1 1 1 1 1
(b) |1 𝑝 𝑝2 | = 𝑝(𝑝 − 1)2 (𝑝2 − 1). (h) | 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 |=0
1 𝑝2 𝑝4 𝑎2 − 𝑏𝑐 𝑏 2 − 𝑐𝑎 𝑐 2 − 𝑎𝑏
log 𝑥 log 𝑦 log 𝑧
𝑦+𝑧 𝑥 3
(i) |log 2𝑥 log 2𝑦 log 2𝑧| = 0.
(c) | 𝑧 + 𝑥 𝑦 3| = 0
𝑥+𝑦 𝑧 3 log 3𝑥 log 3𝑦 log 3𝑧

𝑥+𝑦 3(𝑦 + 𝑧) 𝑧+𝑥 𝑎2 𝑎𝑏 𝑏2

(d) | 1 3 1 | = 0. (j) |2𝑎 𝑎 + 𝑏 2𝑏| = (𝑎 − 𝑏)3
𝑧 3𝑥 𝑦 1 1 1
𝑥𝑦(𝑥 + 𝑦) 𝑦𝑧(𝑦 + 𝑧) 𝑧𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑧) 𝑥+𝑦 𝑦+𝑧 𝑧+𝑥 1 2 3
(e) | 𝑥𝑦 𝑦𝑧 𝑧𝑥 | = 𝑥𝑦𝑧 | 1 1 1 | (k) |4 5 6| = 0
1 1 1 𝑧 𝑥 𝑦
7 8 9
2 𝑎 6−𝑎
(f) |3 𝑏 9 − 𝑏 | = 0. 1 𝑏𝑐 𝑏𝑐(𝑏 + 𝑐)
9 𝑐 27 − 𝑐 (l) |1 𝑐𝑎 𝑐𝑎(𝑐 + 𝑎) | = 0
1 𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑏(𝑎 + 𝑏)
1 𝑎 𝑎2
(g) |1 𝑏 𝑏 2 | = (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑏 − 𝑐)(𝑐 − 𝑎).
1 𝑐 𝑐2

4-marks questions
(1) Matrix operations 2 −1 1
(d) Find 𝐴, if 𝐴−1 = [3 0 2].
1 3 3
1 −4 1
(a) 𝐴 = (3 1 3). Prove that 𝐴2 − 5𝐴 − 14𝐼 is a zero
3 3 1 1 2 4
(e) 𝐴 = [2 2 3 ]. Prove that 𝐴−1 𝐴 = 𝐼3 .
matrix. 4 3 −5
−3 2 1 2 1
(b) 𝑃 = [ ] , 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 2 − 11𝑥. Find 𝑓(𝑃) + 6𝐼2 .
3 −1 (f) 𝐴 = [0 1 −1]. Using, 𝐴3 − 3𝐴2 − 𝐴 + 9𝐼 =
2 0 1 3 −1 1
(c) 𝐴 = [3 4 2] , 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 5. Evaluate 𝑓(𝐴). 0, determine 𝐴−1 .
2 1 3
1 4 1 𝑚 (g) Solve the system of equations using inverse matrix:
(d) 𝐴 = [ ],𝐵 = [ ]. If 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐼, find the value of 𝑚
0 1 0 𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 6; 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 3; 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 1
and 𝑛. (3) Cramer’s rule (Determinant method)
4 −1 3 0 4 3 𝑝−𝑞−𝑟 2𝑞 2𝑟 −3
(e) 𝑃 = [0 7 5] and 𝑄 = [−3 −4 −5]. Prove that, (a) M = [ 2𝑝 𝑞−𝑟−𝑝 2𝑟 ] , 𝑁 = [ 0 ],
6 −2 2 −2 1 2 2𝑝 2𝑞 𝑟−𝑝−𝑞 3
(𝑃𝑄)𝑡 = 𝑄𝑡 𝑃𝑡 . 𝑥
𝑋 = [𝑦]. If 𝑝 = 𝑞 = 𝑟 = 1, solve 𝑀𝑋 = 𝑁.
(f) Determine (𝐴 + 𝐼3 ) ∙ (𝐴𝑇 − 𝐼3 ), if 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ]3×3 ; where
𝑧
𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 2𝑖 − 𝑗. 1 5 3 6 𝑥
(b) 𝑃 = [1 −1 6 ] , 𝑄 = [9] , 𝑅 = [𝑦]. Solve the system
(2) Matrix inverse 1 2 −5 0 𝑧
𝑥−1 1 2 of linear equations obtained from the equation
(a) 𝐴 = [ −2 𝑥+1 3]. Determine (𝐴𝑇 )−1 where 𝑥 =
2 0 𝑥 𝑃𝑇 𝑅 = 𝑄 with the help of determinant.
0. 3 2 3 𝑥 5
−1 1 3 −5
(c) 𝐴 = [4 2 1 ] , 𝑋 = [𝑦] , 𝐷 = [10]. Solve 𝐴𝑋 = 𝐷
(b) 𝑆 = ( ), 𝑇 = ( ). Show that (𝑆𝑇)−1 − 2 1 −2 𝑧 15
2 −3 −1 2
𝑇 −1 𝑆 −1 is a null matrix. with the help of determinant.

1 −2 2 3 −4 2 𝑥 2 −2
(c) 𝑁 = [ 2 1 2 ]. If 𝑀𝑁 = 𝑁𝑀 = 𝐼3 , then find 𝑀. (d) 𝐴 = [−2 1 0] , 𝐵 = [𝑦 5 −4]. Determine
−2 2 −1 −1 −1 1 𝑧 7 −5
(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) from 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐼3 , using Cramer’s rule.

Sharmin Sharfuddin, Assistant Teacher, Baridhara Scholars’ International School and College (BSISC)
(e) Solve using Cramer’s rule: 𝑝−𝑞−𝑟 2𝑞 2𝑟
𝑥 2𝑦 𝑦 3𝑧 𝑥 2𝑧
ii) | 2𝑝 𝑞−𝑟−𝑝 2𝑟 | = (𝑝 + 𝑞 + 𝑟)3
i) − + 𝑧 = 1; 𝑥 + + = 1; − 𝑦 + =1 2𝑝 2𝑞 𝑟−𝑝−𝑞
5 5 4 4 3 3
𝑥 3𝑦 𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 3𝑦 4𝑧 2+𝑥 𝑏+𝑥 𝑐+𝑥
ii) + 10 + 10 = 4 + 4 = + =1 iii) |2 + 𝑦 𝑏+𝑦 𝑐 + 𝑦| = (2 − 𝑏)(𝑏 − 𝑐)(𝑐 − 2)(𝑥 − 𝑦)
5 7 7
4 𝑏2 𝑐2
(4) Determinant properties
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝑥−1 1 2 iv) |2𝑎3 + 1 2𝑏 3 + 1 2𝑐 3 + 1| = −(2𝑎𝑏𝑐 + 1)(𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑏 −
(a) 𝐴 = [ −2 𝑥+1 3]. If |𝐴| = 0, find the value of 𝑥. 𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
2 0 𝑥 𝑐)(𝑐 − 𝑎)
3+𝑥 4 1
(b) 𝐴 = [ 4 1+𝑥 3 ]. Find the trace of 𝐴 taking 𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
v) | 𝑎3 𝑏3 𝑐 3 | = 𝑎𝑏𝑐(𝑎𝑏𝑐 − 2)(𝑎 −
1 3 4+𝑥
𝑎4 − 2𝑎 4
𝑏 − 2𝑏 4
𝑐 − 2𝑐
real root of the equation det(𝐴) = 0.
𝑏)(𝑏 − 𝑐)(𝑐 − 𝑎)
3+𝑥 4 2
(c) 𝐴 = [ 4 2+𝑥 3 ]. If |𝐴| = 0, find the solution 𝑎2 𝑏𝑐 𝑐𝑎 + 𝑐 2
vi) |𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏
2
𝑏 2
𝑐𝑎 | = 4𝑎2 𝑏 2 𝑐 2
2 3 4+𝑥 2
𝑎𝑏 𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 𝑐2
set.
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 2𝑐
(d) If the cofactors of the elements of second row of 𝐵 = vii) | 𝑏 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 2𝑎 𝑐 |=
𝑐 + 𝑎 + 2𝑏 𝑎 𝑐
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
3
|𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2 | are 𝐴2 , 𝐵2 and 𝐶2 respectively, then 2(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)
𝑎3 𝑏3 𝑐3 𝑝 𝑞 𝑟
2 2 2
viii) | 𝑝 𝑞 𝑟 | = (𝑝𝑞𝑟 − 1)(𝑝 − 𝑞)(𝑞 −
determine the value of 𝑎3 𝐴2 + 𝑏3 𝐵2 + 𝑐3 𝐶2.
𝑝3 − 1 𝑞 3 − 1 𝑟 3 − 1
1 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑦2 2𝑥𝑦 2𝑦
𝑟)(𝑟 − 𝑝)
(e) 𝑃=[ 2𝑥𝑦 1−𝑥 +𝑦2 2
−2𝑥 ]. If
−2𝑦 2𝑥 1 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑦2 (𝑚 + 𝑛)2 𝑙2 𝑙2
ix) | 𝑚 2 (𝑛 + 𝑙) 2
𝑚2 | = 2𝑙𝑚𝑛(𝑙 + 𝑚 + 𝑛)3
det(𝑃) = 0, prove that 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = −1. 2 2
𝑛 𝑛 (𝑙 + 𝑚)2
(f) Given the system of equations 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3; 𝑥 + 𝑎𝑦 + −2 𝑎 + 𝑏 −𝑐
𝑎 = 𝑙; 𝑥 + 𝑎 𝑦 + 𝑎 𝑧 = 𝑚. Turn the equations into
𝑧 2 4 x) | −2 𝑏 + 𝑐 −𝑎 | = (𝑐 − 𝑎)(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 )
𝑎+𝑏−𝑐 𝑐2 𝑎𝑏
𝐴𝑋 = 𝐵 and show that det(𝐴) = 𝑎(𝑎 − 1) (𝑎 − 1).
2 2
2
𝑝 𝑞𝑟 2𝑝
(g) Given the system of equations xi) |𝑞 2 𝑟𝑝 2𝑞 | = −2(𝑝 − 𝑞)(𝑞 − 𝑟)(𝑟 − 𝑝)(𝑝𝑞 + 𝑞𝑟 + 𝑟𝑝)
𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞𝑦 + 𝑟𝑧 = 1; 𝑝2 𝑥 + 𝑞 2 𝑦 + 𝑟 𝑧 = 𝑎; (𝑝3 − 1)𝑥 + 𝑟 2 𝑝𝑞 2𝑟

(𝑞 3 − 1)𝑦 + (𝑟 3 − 1)𝑧 = 𝑎2 . Expressing the system in (𝑏 + 𝑐)2 𝑎2 𝑏𝑐

xii) | (𝑐 + 𝑎)2 𝑏2 𝑐𝑎 | = (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 )(𝑎 + 𝑏 +
the form of 𝐴𝑋 = 𝐵, show that 𝑝𝑞𝑟 = 1, when (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 𝑐2 𝑎𝑏
𝐷𝑒𝑡(𝐴) = 0 and 𝑝 ≠ 𝑞 ≠ 𝑟. 𝑐)(𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑏 − 𝑐)(𝑐 − 𝑎)
2 1 1 1
1 𝑥 𝑥 (k) If 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 𝑠, prove the following:
(h) Δ = |1 𝑦 𝑦 2 | and Δ1 = |𝑦𝑧 𝑧𝑥 𝑥𝑦|. Prove that,
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 2𝑥 − 𝑠 2𝑥 2𝑥
1 𝑧 𝑧2 i) | 2𝑦 2𝑦 − 𝑠 2𝑦 | = 𝑠 3
Δ + Δ1 = 0. 2𝑧 2𝑧 2𝑧 − 𝑠
𝑥−1 2 3 (𝑠 − 𝑥)2 𝑥2 𝑦2
(i) Δ = | 1 𝑥−1 1 |. Solve the equation ii) | 𝑦 2 (𝑠 − 𝑦)2 𝑦 2 | = 2𝑥𝑦𝑧𝑠 3
3 2 𝑥−1 𝑧2 𝑧2 (𝑠 − 𝑧)2
|Δ + 𝐼| = 0, where 𝐼 is the identity matrix. 𝑥−𝑦−𝑧
𝑥 𝑥
2
(j) Prove the following: iii) || 𝑦
𝑦−𝑧−𝑥
𝑦 || = 𝑆 3
2
𝑝 𝑞 𝑟 𝑧−𝑥−𝑦
2
𝑧 𝑧
i) |𝑝 𝑞2 𝑟 2 | = 𝑝𝑞𝑟(𝑝 − 𝑞)(𝑞 − 𝑟)(𝑟 − 𝑝) 2

𝑝3 𝑞3 𝑟3

Sharmin Sharfuddin, Assistant Teacher, Baridhara Scholars’ International School and College (BSISC)