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02 Scalars and Vectors

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22 views20 pages

02 Scalars and Vectors

Uploaded by

San Rafael San Esteban Ilocos Sur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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02

SCALARS VS. VECTORS


SCALARS VS. VECTORS
Scalar Quantity
• quantity with magnitude only
Magnitude is the numerical
value relative to the unit.

Examples:
Length Energy
Area Work
Volume Power
Mass Pressure
Density Temperature
Source: https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/t/time.htm

Pressure Distance Time


10 s
24 hr
SCALARS VS. VECTORS
Vector Quantity
• quantity with magnitude and direction
Examples:
Displacement
Velocity
Velocity
25 m/s East
Acceleration
Momentum
Force
Lift Force
Drag 10 N West
Thrust 5 N to the right
Weight
VECTOR PROJECTIONS

In physics, we
represent vectors
by using RAYS.

RAY – is a line segment


that has an endpoint in
one end and an
arrowhead in the other
end.
VECTOR PROJECTIONS

One-dimensional 5 m East
Projection (1D)
the quantity is
represented with an
arrow pointing to a
specific direction,
usually in one of the 5 m South
four cardinal directions:
North, East, West, and
South.
VECTOR PROJECTIONS

Two-dimensional Y

Projection (2D)
o
5m 45 N of E
Shows the vector value
represented by an
arrow pointing in a
direction specified by
two (2) components:
the x and y axes, which
is measured by an o
𝜽=45
angle.
X
VECTOR PROJECTIONS

Three-dimensional
Projection (3D)
Complex form of
projection represents
vector with an arrow
that uses the three
components:
x, y, and z axis.
NEGATIVE VECTORS

▪ The negative vector –V, is the same as the vector V


rotated by 180o.
▪ The components of –V have signs opposite that of V.
v = 12.0 m/s, 220o -v = 12.0 m/s 40o
▪ If using the primary directions, the direction simply
reverses while the angle remains.
F = 28 N 30o S of E -F = 28 N 30o N of W
▪ If using the i-j-k notation, the sign of each component
reverses.
VECTOR COMPONENTS
Component
• Projection of a vector along an axis
• Usually indicated with the subscripted vector variable

Vector: Force (F)

Axes shown: 2
Components: 2

Fx = Force along x-axis


Fy = Force along y-axis
VECTOR COMPONENTS

𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆
SOH 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 =
𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒔𝒆

𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕
CAH 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 =
𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒔𝒆

𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆
TOA 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 =
𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕
VECTOR COMPONENTS

opposite
adjacent
VECTOR COMPONENTS
Sample Problem #1
If a 30 N force has
been exerted 45°
above the positive x-
axis, what are its
Fy
components?
Fx = Fr cos 𝜽
= (30 N)cos(45°) 𝜽 = 45° Fx
Fx = 21.21 N
VECTOR COMPONENTS
Sample Problem #2
If a 30 N force has
been exerted 45°
above the positive x-
axis, what are its
Fy
components?
Fy = Fr sin 𝜽
= (30 N)sin(45°) 𝜽 = 45° Fx
Fy = 21.21 N
VECTOR COMPONENTS
Sample Problem #1
If a 320 N force has
been exerted 35°
above the positive x-
axis, what are its
Fy
components?
Fx = Fr cos 𝜽 𝜽 = 35° Fx
= (320 N)cos(35°)
Fx = 262.14 N
VECTOR COMPONENTS
Sample Problem #2
If a 320 N force has
been exerted 35°
above the positive x-
axis, what are its
Fy
components?
Fy = Fr sin 𝜽 𝜽 = 35° Fx
= (320 N)sin(35°)
Fy = 183.55 N
VECTOR COMPONENTS
Resultant Vector
• Sum of all vectors being added
• Same vector as the total vectors added
• Shows final direction of all vectors combined
Representation:
Mathematical Graphical
5 kg +3 kg = 8 kg
525 m/s – 341 m/s = 184 m/s
4.0 m/s + 3 kg = No value
VECTOR COMPONENTS
Practice
Find the resultant of the following vectors
through graphical/polygon method and
analytical/component method.
1. A = 5.0 m East, B = 4.0 m East
2. C = 10 N South, D = 3.0 N West
3. E = 8 m/s N, F = 1 m/s S, G = 6 m/s N
VECTOR COMPONENTS
Sample Problem #3
A man pushed a box container, moving at a
speed of 3 m/s. He then pulled the box,
moving at 2.4 m/s towards him. Finally he
pushed it back, moving at a speed of 1.8 m/s.
How fast did the box move?

R = 2.4 m/s to the positive direction


VECTOR COMPONENTS
Practice (Assignment)
Find the resultant of the following vectors
through graphical/polygon method and
analytical/component method.
1. A = 5.0 m E, B = 4.0 m 45o N of E
2. C = 10 N 30o S of W, D = 3.0 N West

Submit tomorrow, Sep. 26, 2023 at 11:30AM)


VECTOR COMPONENTS
Sample Problem #4
You decided to go for a run. You first ran for
200 m East, then made a sharp turn and ran
for 450 m North. Find the displacement you
have covered.

R = 492.44 m 66.04o N of E

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