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Field Engineering Sciences: Solar Energy & Voltaic (MEC451)

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22 views13 pages

Field Engineering Sciences: Solar Energy & Voltaic (MEC451)

Uploaded by

mohamed orif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Field Engineering Sciences

Solar Energy & Voltaic (MEC451)


Lecture 7

Dr : Aly Soliman Date : 5/11/2024


F Chart
Fraction of the total heating load that can be supplied by the solar
energy system called the solar contribution.
For a solar thermal system, if the energy required is denoted by 𝑄𝑄𝐿𝐿 ,
auxiliary energy is 𝑄𝑄𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 , and the solar energy delivered is 𝑄𝑄𝑆𝑆 ,then :

For a month i , the fractional reduction of energy when a solar energy


system is used , called the solar fraction or solar contribution, F , is
given by the ratio:

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• The f-chart method was originally developed by Klein and
Beckman. The method is in fact a correlation of the output of
hundreds of thermal performance simulations of solar heating
systems.

• In the f-chart method, the primary design variable is the collector


area. Secondary variables can be the storage capacity, collector type,
thermal load, collector heat exchanger size and fluid flow rate.

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the fraction of the monthly load supplied by solar energy, F, as a function
of two dimensionless parameters, namely: The ratio of collector losses to
heating load, and the ratio of absorbed solar radiation to heating load.

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Example
A solar water heating system is to be designed for a family of six
members in CALICUT (Latitude of 11.573°N, Longitude 76.051°E and
altitude 471 m) with one cover collector facing south. Water heating
collector characteristics for the available collectors are:

FRUL= 4.00W/m2, FR(τα)n = 0.74 and (τα)/(τα)n = 0.94 as determined


from standard collector tests. Assume the collector-heat exchanger
correction factor, F’R /FR is 0.97. 10
Example
From this it is clear that, a collector area of 6
m2 provides a total load of 11.18944 GJ and
our maximum annual demand is 11.50745 GJ.
The fraction of energy provided by the solar
system with collector area 6 m2 is
0.972365(≈1). So , collector area which is
capable to provide almost 100% required
thermal energy is of 6m2 area.

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Calculating Payback Period

The payback period is the length of time needed before annual savings
recoup the initial investment. It considers the initial investment
(capital cost) and the resulting annual cash flow (annual savings), in
this case, the amount of money saved annually over a conventional
natural gas system through the installation of a SWH system

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