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Linear and Exponential Growth and Decay Models

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60 views11 pages

Linear and Exponential Growth and Decay Models

Uploaded by

explorelets63
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Linear and Exponential Growth

and Decay Models


By: Muhammad Luqman Qadir
Introduction
• If the change in Y can be represented by repeatedly adding the same
value, then the relationship is best modeled by a linear equation.
• If the change in Y can be represented by repeatedly multiplying by the
same value, then the relationship is best modeled by an exponential
equation.
Equations
Y = mx+b to represent a linear equation:

• m is the number repeatedly added, the rate of change, or the slope of


the line when the equation is graphed in the XY plane.
• b is the initial value, or the y-intercept of the line when the equation
is graphed in the xy plane.
Y = abx to represent an exponential equation:

• b is the number repeatedly multiplied, or the common


factor or common ratio.
• a is the initial value, or the y-intercept of the curve when the
equation is graphed in the xy-plane.
Example 1
Equation and Graph
In above table, we can find the next y value
by adding 2 to the previous value. In other
words, as x increases by 1, y increases by 2.
This means we're looking at a linear
relationship with a rate of change of 2.
For a slope of 2 and a y-intercept of (0,3):
• M=2
• B=3
The equation is y=2x+3
Example 2
Equation and Graph
In above table, we can find the next y value by
multiplying the previous value by 2. In other words,
as x increases by 1, y increases by a factor of 2. This
means we're looking at an exponential
relationship with a common factor of 2.

For a common factor of 2 and a y-intercept of (0,3):

• b=2

• a=3

The equation is y=3(2)x


Practice Questions
Practice Questions
1. A plant is growing at a constant rate. If it is 5 cm tall initially and grows 2
cm every week, write a function to represent its height over time t (in
weeks), and find its height after 10 weeks.
2. A car's value decreases by $500 per year. If the car is currently valued at
$20,000, write a function to represent its value over time t (in years), and
find its value after 5 years.
3. A water tank is being filled at a rate of 3 liters per minute. If it initially has
50 liters, write a function for the amount of water in the tank over time t (in
minutes), and determine the amount of water after 20 minutes.
Practice Questions
1. A population of bacteria doubles every 3 hours. If there are initially 200
bacteria, write a function to represent the population over time t (in hours), and
find the population after 12 hours.
2. A radioactive substance decays at a rate of 7% per hour. If there is initially
100 grams of the substance, write a function to represent the amount over
time t (in hours), and determine how much of the substance remains after 10
hours.
3. An investment grows at an annual rate of 5%. If an initial investment is
$1,000, write a function for the amount over time t (in years), and calculate the
amount after 15 years
Key Differences Between Linear and Exponential
Models
• Rate of Change: Linear growth has a constant rate of change,
while exponential growth has a rate of change proportional to the
current amount.
• Graph Shape: Linear models produce a straight line when
graphed, while exponential models produce a curve (increasing
rapidly for growth or declining quickly for decay).
• Applications: Linear models suit scenarios with fixed increases
or decreases, like a salary increase by a fixed amount.
Exponential models are better for situations involving proportional
change, such as population growth, radioactive decay, or
compound interest

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