Attendance System Using Facial Recognition

SYNOPSIS ON MAJOR PROJECT

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Submitted

To

Dr. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

LUCKNOW
Submitted By-
Sudhanshu Patel (2100100130118)
Sumaiya Riyaz (2100100130119)
Swati Dwivedi (2100100130124)
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF
Mr. Shashi Mauli Tripathi
Professor/Associate Professor /Assistant Professor

UNITED COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & RESEARCH

PRAYAGRAJ
2023-24
 INTRODUCTION

Project Objective:
Attendances of every student are being maintained by every school, college and university. Empirical
evidences have shown that there is a significant correlation between students’ attendances and their
academic performances. There was also a claim stated that students who have poor attendance records will
generally link to poor retention. Therefore, faculty has to maintain proper record for the attendance. Manual
attendance record system is not efficient and requires more time to arrange record and maintain the
attendance of every student. Hence there is a requirement of a system that will solve the problem of student
record arrangement. In many colleges the process of taking attendance is done by the faculty members by
asking them to respond according to their roll numbers which was the time taken process. So for time saving
purpose we can adopt methods like biometrics such as fingerprint scanning, face recognition. But when it
comes to a class with a greater number of students fingerprint scanning won’t be a suitable method. So
another way of identify the student’s presence is by face recognition by considering this we got an idea that
we can use this method for purpose of marking attendance without wasting time for the faculty by writing a
MATLAB code for face recognition and compare with the database of the class and mark the attendance
according to the time table. The main objective of this project is to develop face recognition based automated
student attendance system. In order to achieve better performance, the test images and training images of
this proposed approach are limited to frontal and upright facial images that consist of a single face only. The
test images and training images have to be captured by using the same device to ensure no quality difference.
In addition, the students have to register in the database to be recognized. The enrolment can be done on the
spot through the user-friendly interface.

Problem Statement:
Traditional student attendance marking technique is often facing a lot of trouble. The face recognition
student attendance system emphasizes its simplicity by eliminating classical student attendance marking
technique such as calling student names or checking respective identification cards. There are not only
disturbing the teaching process but also causes distraction for students during exam sessions. Apart from
calling names, attendance sheet is passed around the classroom during the lecture sessions. The lecture class
especially the class with a large number of students might find it difficult to have the attendance sheet being
passed around the class. Thus, face recognition student attendance system is proposed in order to replace
the manual signing of the presence of students which are burdensome and causes students get distracted in
order to sign for their attendance. Furthermore, the face recognition based automated student attendance
system able to overcome the problem of fraudulent approach and lecturers does not have to count the number
of students several times to ensure the presence of the students. There is a need to develop a real time
operating student attendance system which means the identification process must be done within defined
time constraints to prevent omission. The extracted features from facial images which represent the identity
of the students have to be consistent towards a change in background, illumination, pose and expression.
High accuracy and fast computation time will be the evaluation points of the performance
 FEASIBILITY STUDY

A feasibility study evaluates the project's potential for success; therefore, perceived objectivity is an important
factor in the credibility of the study for potential investors and lending institutions. . It must therefore, be
conducted with an objective, unbiased approach to provide information upon which decisions can be based.
Here, we discuss 3 major feasibility studies required for our project.

1. Operational Feasibility
Operational feasibility is the measure of how well a proposed system solves the problems with the users.
Operational feasibility is dependent on human resources available for the project and involves projecting
whether the system will be used if it is developed and implemented. The project is operationally feasible
for the users as nowadays almost all the teachers/staffs are familiar with digital technology

2. Economic Feasibility

Economic feasibility defines whether the expected benefit equals or exceeds the expected
costs. It is also commonly referred to as cost/benefit analysis. The procedure is to determine
the benefits and the savings expected from the system and compare them with the costs. A
proposed system is expected to outweigh the costs. This is a small project with no cost for
development. The system is easy to understand and use. Therefore, there is no need to spend
on training to use the system. This system has the potential to grow by adding functionalities
for students as well as teachers. This can Hence, the project could have economic benefits in
the future.

3. Technical Feasibility

Technical feasibility is carried out to determine whether the project is feasible in terms of
software, hardware, personnel, and expertise, to handle the completion of the project. It
considers determining resources for the proposed system. As the system is developed using
python, it is platform independent. Therefore, the users of the system can have average
processing capabilities, running on any platform. The technology is one of the latest hence the
system is also technically feasible.
 PROJECT METHODOLOGY

The system has to follow some particular methodologies which need to be processed in following steps :
a. Creating Database
b. Image Capture
c. Face detection
d. Pre-processing
e. Face recognition
f. Registering attendance

a. Creating face database:

The database is the training set of our system and is created in such a way that it contains images of enrolled
students. These images are cropped to get the region of interest which is the face of the student. In this paper,
to test the working of the system it is trained with the training set which consists of 5 images per student and
here, the number of students is 10. So, overall the system is trained with 50 images
b. Image capturing:
We must have a very good quality camera to get the efficient detection and recognition. It should be
connected to the PC and its drivers have to be properly installed and should be compatible with
MATLAB. As we start the camera, the images will be captured for few seconds and then will be
processed further for face detection.
c. Face Detection:
After getting the images, the system reads the images. Once the reading stops, it sends the images for
face detection. In this paper, to detect the faces, “vision Cascade Object Detector” command is used
which is an inbuilt function in MATLAB for face detection based on the Viola-Jones algorithm.
d. Pre-Processing Grayscale conversion of image:
The image which is captured from the camera device sometimes may have the brightness in it which
needs to be removed for the appropriate result. Therefore, the Captured image is converted to gray-
scale image for the enhancement
Bi-Histogram Normalization:
Bi-Histogram Normalization is a technique used for contrast enhancement. After this the
image will be equalized for removing the contrast so that the students sitting on the back rows
can be clearly seen and it will be easy to recognize them. Then it generates the histogram of
the equalized image.
Noise Removal:
When the input image is captured by camera, it may contain the salt and pepper noise which has
to be filtered from image. The bilateral filtering is one of efficient techniques for removing the
salt and pepper noise.
e. Face Recognition:
This is the most important module of our system which is used to perform the comparison between
the test images and the training images. To execute the recognition operation, there are various
algorithms but here, the algorithm used is PCA.
f. Attendance Marking:
After the completion of the face recognition module, next comes the module to register the
attendance. If the detected face has been recognized, then it marks the attendance in the excel
sheet
 ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM

Database is absolutely an integral part of software systems. To fully utilize ER Diagram in database
engineering guarantees you to produce high-quality database design to use in database creation,
management, and maintenance. An ER model also provides a means for communication.
 0 LEVEL DFD/ CONTEXT DIAGRAM

Context Diagrams are high-level visual representations that show the interactions between a system
being developed and its external entities, such as users, other systems, or processes. They provide a big-
picture view of how the system fits into its environment without diving into the internal details of the
system itself.

Fig 1. 0 level Facial attendence System

 LEVEL 1 DFD

DFD is the abbreviation for Data Flow Diagram. The flow of data of a system or a process is represented
by DFD. It also gives insight into the inputs and outputs of each entity and the process itself. DFD does not
have control flow and no loops or decision rules are present. Specific operations depending on the type of
data can be explained by a flowchart. It is a graphical tool, useful for communicating with users , managers
and other personnel. it is useful for analyzing existing as well as proposed systems.

Fig 2. DFD of Facial attendance System

 REFERENCES
[1] K. Okokpujie, E. Noma-Osaghae, S. John, K. A. Grace and I. Okokpujie, "A face recognition attendance system with
GSM notification," 2017 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Electro-Technology for National Development
(NIGERCON), Owerri, 2017, pp. 239-244

[2] V. Kurniawan, A. Wicaksana and M. I. Prasetiyowati, "The implementation of eigenface algorithm for face recognition
in attendance system," 2017 4th International Conference on New Media Studies (CONMEDIA), Yogyakarta, 2017, pp.
118-124.

[3]V. Soniya, R. S. Sri, K. S. Titty, R. Ramakrishnan and S. Sivakumar, "Attendance automation using face recognition biometric
authentication," 2017 International Conference on Power and Embedded Drive Control (ICPEDC), Chennai, 2017, pp. 122- 127.
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

SUDHANSHU PATEL (Group Leader)

Pursuing B,Tech (IT)

10th - 76.4%
12th - 83%
2nd Year - 80.46%
E-mail [email protected] Mobile No. 9151208966

SUMAIYA RIYAZ

Pursuing B,Tech (IT)

10th -79.8 %
12th - 82%
2nd Year – 64.43%
E-mail [email protected] Mobile No. 9026208953

SWATI DWIVEDI

Pursuing B.Tech(IT)
10th - 78.2%
12th – 72.8%
2nd Year - 71.46%
E-mail [email protected] Mobile No. 9219036375