Fundamentals of Nursing-II

Credits: 04 (Theory 2, Clinical 1, Skill Lab 1)

Day and Time: Thursday (08.00 am-10.00 am)
Wednesday (08.00 am-3.30
pm)
Faculty: Mr. Sardar Ali
Prerequisites: Fundamental of Nursing-I

Description:

This course introduces learners to different concepts of nursing practice with emphasis on
identifying the patient needs, developing communication skills and use of the nursing
process. Learners will gain knowledge related to theoretical concepts, values, and norms of
the profession, while learning skills for providing basic nursing care to patients in hospital
settings. Gordon’s Functional Health Pattern (FHPs) will be used to assess patient needs.

Objectives:

By the completion of this course, learners will be able to:

1. Identify the prescribed standards of nursing care set by the institution.

2. Begin to identify the importance of evaluation in his/her nursing practice.
3. Identify relevant sources, which contribute to personal and professionals growth.
4. Begin to use the nursing process to deliver safe nursing care to individuals.
5. Begin to understand the knowledge derived from Humanities, Natural and Behavioral
Sciences, when providing nursing care to clients.
6. Identify basic principle that protection against
7. Use critical thinking skills in selecting nursing intervention and outcomes for the
planning of care setting.
8. Perform all basic nursing skills safely and accurately at clinical settings

Teaching/Learning Strategies:

Lecture, discussion, role play, group work, group presentation, demonstration video and
return demonstration

Evaluation Criteria:

Quiz (s)/ Skills Performance Test (s) 15%

Mid Term Exam 15 %
Final Exam 70%
Total 100%
 COURSE OUTLINES

S.No Topics
Unit-I Nursing Process
Unit-II Concept of Value Belief
Unit-III Self-Concept and Self Perception
Unit-IV Cognitive Conceptual (Pain Management Nursing & Non-Nursing)
Unit-V Concept of Nutrition and Dietary
Unit-VI Concept of Elimination
Unit-VII Concept of Sleep
Unit-VIII Human Reponses To Illness
Unit-IX Concept of Sexuality
Unit-X Concept of Loss & Grieving and Death and Dying
Unit-XI Concepts of Stress & Coping

List of Skills Labs

1. Application of hot water bag

2. Application of Cold Compression
3. Applying bandages including wound dressing
4. Performing nebulization/steam therapy
5. Apply suction therapy.
6. Care of drainage bags (catheter)
7. Sitz bath
8. Elimination: Suppositories, Enema, Flatus Tube, Manual extraction
9. Specimen Collection
10. Urine Testing through dipstick

Unit I: Nursing Process

In this unit learners will be introduced to the application of the nursing process in
professional nursing practice. At the completion of this unit learners will be able to:

1. Define nursing process.

2. Describe the purposes of nursing process.
3. Identify the components of the nursing process
4. Discuss the requirements for effective use of the nursing process
5. Describe the functional health approach to the nursing process

Nursing Assessment

1. Describe the assessment phase of the nursing process

2. Discuss the purpose of assessment in nursing practice
3. Identify the skills required for nursing assessment.
4. Differentiate the three major activities involved in nursing assessment.
5. Describe the process of data collection.
6. Perform a nursing assessment using a functional health approach.
Nursing Diagnosis

1. Define diagnosis in relation to the nursing process.

2. State the meaning of nursing diagnosis
3. Describe the components of a nursing diagnosis
4. Differentiate between a nursing diagnosis and medical diagnosis.
5. Identify the clinical skills needed to make nursing diagnoses.
6. Formulate nursing diagnoses according to NANDA list.

Outcome Identification and Planning

1. Define outcome identification and planning

2. Explain the purposes of outcome identification and planning.
3. Describe the components of the nursing plan of care.
4. Use a functional health approach to plan client care.

Implementation and evaluation

1. Define implementation and evaluation

2. Discuss the purposes of implementation and evaluation
3. Describe clinical skills needed to implement the nursing plan of care.
4. Describe activities the nurse carries out during the evaluation phase of the nursing process.
5. Use a functional approach to implement and evaluate client care.

Communication of the Nursing Process: Documenting and Reporting

1. Describe the purposes of the client record

2. List the principles of charting
3. Discuss the guidelines of documentation.
4. Discuss the importance of confidentiality in the documenting and reporting.

Critical Thinking

1. Explain the importance of critical thinking in nursing.

2. Discuss definitions of, characteristics of, and skills used in critical thinking.
3. Identify the three major factors that affect thinking.
4. Explore ways to enhance and develop critical thinking skills especially as applied to nursing.
5. Set personal goals for developing critical thinking skills.

UNIT II: Concept of Value Belief

At the end of this unit, learners will be able to:

1. Define value/belief pattern

2. Explain how behaviors related to values
3. Identify sources of professional nursing values
4. Apply cultural and developmental perspective when identifying values
5. Examine values conflict and resolution in nursing care situations
UNIT III: Self Concept and Self Perception
At the end of this unit, learners will be able
to: 1. Define self-perception/ self-concept pattern.
2. Describe the functions of self and self-concept
3. Discuss how self-concept develops throughout the life span
4. Discuss factors that can affect self-concept
5. Identify possible manifestation of altered self-concept
6. Apply nursing process for a person with an altered self-concept

UNIT IV: Concept of Pain (Different Therapies)

At the end of the session learners will be able to:
1. Define the process of pain (physiological changes)
2. Describe the different theories of pain theory.
3. Differentiate between acute and chronic pain
4. Discuss the non-pharmacologic interventions pain management.
5. Identify pharmacologic interventions for pain management

UNIT V: Concept of Nutrition and Dietary

At the end of this unit, learners will be able

to:
1. Define nutrition/metabolic pattern.
2. Review essential nutrients and examples of good dietary sources for each
3. Review normal digestion, absorption, and metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, & proteins.
4. Discuss nutritional considerations across the life span
5. List factors that can affect dietary pattern
6. Describe manifestations of altered nutrition
7. Explain nursing interventions to promote optimal nutrition and health
8. Apply nursing process for client with altered nutritional status

UNIT VI: Concept of Elimination

At the end of this unit, learners will be able to:
1. Define elimination pattern
2. Discuss common problems of elimination.
3. Identify nursing interventions for common problems of fecal elimination.
4. Discuss common problem of Urinary Elimination
5. Identify nursing intervention for common urinary problems
6. Describe factors that can alter urinary function
7. Discuss nursing process for a patient with altered elimination pattern.

UNIT VII: Concept of Sleep

At the end of this unit, learners will be able to:
1. Define rest and sleep pattern
2. Define terms related to rest and sleep.
3. Compare the characteristics of sleep and rest.
4. Discuss the characteristics of two kinds of sleep.
5. Enumerate the functions of sleep.
6. Discuss factors affecting sleep.
7. Identify common sleep disorders.
8. Identify conditions necessary to promote sleep.
9. Discuss nursing process for a patient to promote sleep.
UNIT VIII: Human Reponses to Illness
At the end of this unit, learners will be able to:
1. Define coping stress tolerance pattern.
2. Differentiate the concepts of stress as a stimulus, response, and transaction.
3. Identify physiological and psychological manifestations of stress.
4. Discuss Factors affecting coping pattern during hospitalization.
5. Describe various types of coping pattern.
6. Discuss the nursing process related to coping stress pattern.

UNIT IX: Concept of Sexuality

At the end of this unit, learners will be able to:
1. Review the Anatomy and physiology of the male and female reproductive system
2. Describe normal sexual pattern
3. Relate sexuality to all stages of life cycle
4. Identify factors that effects sexual functioning
5. Describe common risks and alteration in sexuality
6. Understand the nursing process as it relate to sexual functioning

UNIT X: Concept of Loss & Grieving and Death and Dying

At the end of this unit, learners will be able to:
1. Assess the physiologic signs of death.
2. Identify beliefs and attitude about death in relation to age.
3. Discuss the various ways of helping the dying patient meet his/her
physiological, spiritual and emotional needs.
4. Discuss care of the body after death.
5. Discuss the legal implications of death.
6. Describe how a nurse meets a dying patient’s needs of comfort.
7. Discuss important factors in caring for the body after death.
8. List changes that occur in the body after death.
9. Define terms related to loss and grieving.
10. Discuss Kubler-Ross’ theory to assess grieving behaviors.
11. Identify common manifestations of grief
12. Discuss the effects of multiple losses on the grief process
13. Apply the nursing process to grieving clients

UNIT XI: Concept of Stress &

Coping UNIT XII: Oral Medication

UNIT XII: Parental Medication

Year 1 Semester II Skills:

1. Medication (Oral and Topical)
2. Medication (Parental)
3. Sitz bath
4. Care of catheter
5. Mouth care of unconscious Patient
6. Elimination: Suppositories, Enema, Flatus Tube,
7. Manual extraction.
8. Urine testing/ Specimen collection.
Clinical Objectives of Fundamental of Nursing

1. Identify the roles and functions of health care team members.

2. Describe the functions of the various departments in a hospital.
3. Describe the physical setup of a ward
4. Utilize techniques of therapeutic communication skills with patient and health team
members.
5. Collect patients’ data through interview.
6. Observe the coordination of patients’ care between the health team members.
7. Identify different forms used for documentation in patients’ care.
8. Utilize appropriate hospital forms for documentation.
9. Assess, document and identify variations in Vital Signs
10. Discuss the observations for different Vital Signs pattern.
11. Develop problem list based on patients’ assessments and rationalize each problem
12. Document assessment of patients’ problems/needs by using Maslow’s Hierarchy
13. Develop Nursing care plan based on priority patients’ problem (6 components)
14. Observe the process of admission of a patient in hospital.
15. Orient a patient to hospital environment.
16. Assist in transfer of patients from one unit to another unit and department.
17. Assist in preparing patients and family for discharge.
18. Document the discharge of patients from the hospital.
19. Observe various legal forms/documents used in the admission process
20. Observe patients’ reactions to hospitalization and give assistance as needed.
21. Demonstrate occupied and unoccupied bed making.
22. Assess the need of personal hygiene care for selected patients and provide care
23. Document patients’ assessment and care provided.
24. Utilize skills to maintain healthy nails and feet
25. Demonstrate use of following safety measures for patients:
26. Side rails
27. Restraints
28. Hand washing
29. Demonstrate application of body mechanics when moving and lifting patient.
30. Demonstrate range of motion exercises on a patient.
31. Provide back care to bed ridden patients.
32. Assist in transferring patients from bed to bed, bed to chair and bed to stretcher.
33. Utilize different comfort devices in patients’ care.
34. Assist patients with different types of positions.
35. Demonstrate characteristics of a professional nurse.
36. Assist patients in maintaining proper body alignment in bed.

References
1. Carpinito L. J. (1998). Nursing Care Plans & Documentation: Nursing Diagnosis And
Collaborative Problem (3rd Ed.) Philadelphia: Lippincott
2. Craven, R. F., & Hirnle, C. J. (2000). Fundamentals of Nursing: Human Health and
Function. (3rd Ed.). New York: Lippincott.
3. Delaune, S. C., & Ladner, P. K. (2002). Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards and
Practice. (2nd Ed.) Canada: Delmar.
4. Erb, G. K., B. (2000). Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process and Practice (5th Ed.)
Addison: Wesley.
5. Potter, P. A & Perry, A. G. (2003). Basic Nursing: Essentials for Practice (5th ed.) St.
Louis: Mosby.