The Web is based on a client-server model where browsers (clients) request content from servers.
The following three questions are addressed:
1. What is the page called (URL)?
2. Where is the page located (IP address via DNS)?
3. How can the page be accessed (HTTP)?
Basic Steps:
1. Browser determines the URL.
2. DNS is asked for the IP address.
3. TCP connection is established.
4. HTTP request is sent.
5. Server responds with the page.
6. Browser displays the page.
2. Static Web Pages
Static pages are built using HTML (HyperText Markup Language). They consist of structured
content such as headings, paragraphs, forms, and links.
As HTML versions evolved, newer features like forms were introduced, allowing for user input
directly within static pages.
3. Dynamic Web Pages and Web Applications
Dynamic web pages use technologies such as AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML), enabling
data to be loaded without page refresh.
Server-side scripting (e.g., PHP) allows content to be generated based on user input. Client-side
scripting (e.g., JavaScript) enhances user interactivity by processing actions locally.
4. The HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
HTTP defines methods like GET (for retrieving data) and POST (for sending data). Persistent connections keep the connection open for multiple requests, improving efficiency.
HTTP also supports caching, reducing server load and improving response times.
5. Mobile Web
The Mobile Web refers to websites optimized for mobile devices. They account for smaller screen
sizes and varying network speeds.
6. Web Search
Search engines index the web and use algorithms to rank results based on relevance, user
